Practical interfacing in the laboratory

630 Pages·2003·2.667 MB·English

by  Derenzo S.E.

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PracticalInterfacingintheLaboratory
UsingaPCforInstrumentation,
DataAnalysis,andControl
Thistextdescribesinpracticaltermshowtouseadesk-topcomputertomonitorandcontrollabora-
toryexperiments.Theauthorclearlyexplainshowtodesignelectroniccircuitsandwritecomputer
programstosense,analyze,anddisplayreal-worldquantities,includingdisplacement,temperature,
force,sound,light,andbiomedicalpotentials.Thebookincludesnumerouslaboratoryexercisesand
appendicesthatprovidepracticalinformationonmicrocomputerarchitectureandinterfacing,includ-
ingcompletecircuitdiagramsandcomponentlists.Topicsincludeanalogamplificationandsignal
processing,digital-to-analogandanalog-to-digitalconversion,electronicsensorsandactuators,dig-
italandanaloginterfacingcircuits,programming,anddataanalysisandcontrol.Onlyaverybasic
knowledge of electronics is assumed, making it ideal for college-level laboratory courses and for
practicingengineersandscientists.
StephenE.DerenzoisProfessor-in-ResidenceintheDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandCom-
puterSciencesatUCBerkeleyandaSeniorScientistattheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory.
Hehasbeenteachingcoursesonelectroniccircuits,electronictransducers,andmicrocomputerin-
terfacingforover15yearsandthisbookwasdevelopedfromthosecourses.Hehasauthoredand
co-authored over 150 technical publications, was awarded the 1992 Annual Merit Award and the
2001RadiationInstrumentationOutstandingAchievementAwardoftheNuclearandPlasmaSciences
SocietyoftheIEEE,andisaFellowoftheIEEE.

Practical Interfacing in
the Laboratory
Using a PC for Instrumentation,
Data Analysis, and Control
Stephen E. Derenzo
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,California
  
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
 
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , United Kingdom
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521815277
© Cambridge University Press 2003
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2003
- 
isbn-13 978-0-511-07349-6 eBook (EBL)
- 
isbn-10 0-511-07349-6 eBook (EBL)
- 
isbn-13 978-0-521-81527-7 hardback
- 
isbn-10 0-521-81527-4 hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of

s for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not
guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Dedicatedto:
Mymother,Alice,andmyfather,Stanley
fortheirlifelongsupportandencouragement
Mybrother,David
forourgoodtimestogether
Mywife,Carol
forbeingmypartner,wife,friend,andadviser
Mychildren,JenniferandJulia
forremindingmeofthejoyofyouth
Mystudentsandteachingassociates
who,overtheyears,helpedimprovethe
laboratoryexercisesandpointedoutmyerrors

Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Digital tools 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Themicrocomputer 2
1.3 Numbersystems 5
1.4 Digitalbuildingblocks 8
1.5 Digitalcounters/timers 13
1.6 Parallelandserialinput/outputports 18
1.7 Digitaldata-acquisitionprocedures 29
1.8 Switchdebouncing 33
1.9 Digitalinterfacingstandards 35
1.10 Problems 44
1.11 Additionalreading 51
Laboratory exercises
1. IntroductiontoCprogramming 53
2. Measuringeventtimes 58
3. Digitalinterfacing:switchesandlights 66
2 Analog tools 75
2.1 Introduction 75
2.2 Operational-amplifiercircuits 76
2.3 Op-ampcharacteristics 85
2.4 Instrumentationandisolationamplifiers 89
vii
viii Contents
2.5 Noisesources 94
2.6 Analogfiltering 98
2.7 Thepoweramplifier 117
2.8 Problems 118
2.9 Additionalreading 127
Laboratory exercises
4. Operational-amplifiercircuits 128
5. Instrumentationamplifiers 136
6. Analogfiltering 145
3 Analog ↔ digital conversion and sampling 153
3.1 Introduction 153
3.2 Digital-to-analogconvertercircuits 153
3.3 Analog-to-digitalconvertercircuits 161
3.4 Thesample-and-holdamplifier 173
3.5 Samplinganalogwaveforms 180
3.6 Frequencyaliasing 183
3.7 Availabledata-acquisitionsystems 186
3.8 Problems 187
3.9 Additionalreading 200
Laboratory exercises
7. IntroductiontoA/DandD/Aconversion 201
8. D/Aconversionandwaveformgeneration 206
9. A/Dconversionandperiodicsampling 213
10. Frequencyaliasing 221
4 Sensors and actuators 226
4.1 Introduction 226
4.2 Positionandanglesensors 228
4.3 Temperaturetransducers 234
4.4 Strain-sensingelements 253
4.5 Forceandpressuretransducers 255
4.6 Measuringlight 261
4.7 Producingvisiblelight 268