Practical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

421 Pages·2012·8.2 MB·English

Practical Gastroenterology and Hepatology:
Liver and Biliary Disease
Companion website
This book has a companion website:
practicalgastrohep.com
with:
(cid:129) Videos demonstrating procedures
(cid:129) The videos are all referenced in the text where you see this symbol:
Practical
Gastroenterology
and Hepatology
Liver and Biliary Disease
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Nicholas J. Talley,
MD, PhD
Pro Vice Chancellor and Professor of Medicine Faculty of Health
University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia;
Adjunct Professor of Medicine
College of Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, and Jacksonville, FL, USA;
Foreign Adjunct Professor of Gastroenterology
Karolinska Institute
Stockholm, Sweden;
Adjunct Professor
University of North Carolina
USA
EDITORS
Keith D. Lindor,
MD
Dean, Mayo Medical School
Professor of Medicine
College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic
Consultant, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA
Hugo E. Vargas,
MD
Professor of Medicine and Chair, Division of Hepatology
College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic
Consultant, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology
Mayo Clinic
Scottsdale, AZ, USA
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
This edition fi rst published 2010, © 2010 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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ISBN: 9781405182751
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library and the Library of
Congress.
Set in 9 on 12 pt Minion by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
Printed and bound in Singapore
1 2010
Contents
Contributors, vii 8 Endoscopic Techniques in Management of
the Liver and Biliary Tree: Endoscopic
Preface, xi
Ultrasonography, 71
Foreword, xii Ferga C. Gleeson and Elizabeth Rajan
9 Liver Biopsy and Paracentesis, 80
John J. Poterucha and Timothy J. Gunneson
Part 1 Pathobiolog y of the Liver and Biliary
Tract
1 The Liver and Biliary Apparatus: Basic Structural Part 3 Problem-based Approach to Liver
Anatomy and Variations, 3 Disease
Nirusha Lachman and Wojciech Pawlina
10 Jaundice and Pruritus: A Diagnostic
2 Immunology of the Liver and Mechanisms of Approach, 89
Infl ammation, 17 Andrea A. Gossard and Keith D. Lindor
Konstantinos N. Lazaridis
11 Liver Mass Found on Abdominal Imaging, 95
Thomas J. Byrne
12 Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain, 105
Part 2 Diagnostic Approaches in Liver
Feng Li and Cuong C. Nguyen
Disease
13 Acute Liver Failure, 113
3 Approach to History Taking and Physical J. Eileen Hay
Examination in Liver and Biliary Disease, 25
David D. Douglas
4 Assessment of Abnormal Liver Injury Tests, 32
Part 4 Problems Related to Chronic Liver
Mashal Jatoi Batheja and Hugo E. Vargas
Disease
5 Imaging of the Liver and Biliary Tree, 38
14 Portal Hypertension, 127
Alvin C. Silva
Nayantara Coelho-Prabhu and Patrick S. Kamath
6 Endoscopic Techniques in Management of the
15 Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 144
Liver and Biliary Tree: Upper Gastrointestinal
Lewis R. Roberts
Endoscopy, 55
Hugo E. Vargas 16 Pregnancy and Liver Disease, 152
Elizabeth J. Carey and J. Eileen Hay
7 Endoscopic Techniques in Management of the
Liver and Biliary Tree: Endoscopic Retrograde 17 Biliary Atresia and Cystic Fibrosis:
Cholangiopancreatography and Biliary Transitioning Care from Pediatrics to
Manometry, 61 Internal Medicine, 164
Todd H. Baron Veena Venkat and Benjamin L. Shneider
v
vi Contents
Part 5 Diseases of the Liver 30 What Hepatologists Should Know About Liver
Transplant Surgery, 305
18 Acute Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, and
Kristin L. Mekeel and David C. Mulligan
Other Viruses, 175
31 Immunosuppression in Liver Transplantation, 317
Juan F. Gallegos-Orozco and Jorge Rakela
David J. Post and David D. Douglas
19 Hepatitis B and C, 186
32 Liver Transplantation: Early and Long Term
W. Ray Kim and John J. Poterucha
Management and Complications, 327
20 Bacterial and Other Non-viral Infections of the
Chakri Panjala and Denise M. Harnois
Liver, 200
Maria Teresa A. Seville, Ann McCullough, and
Part 7 Problem-based Approach to Biliary Tract
Shimon Kusne
and Gall-bladder Disease
21 Metabolic Liver Diseases, 216
John B. Gross 33 Gall Stones, Gall-bladder Polyps and Their
Complications: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis,
22 Hepatic Steatosis and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver
Diagnosis, and Management, 349
Disease, 224
Ethan D. Miller and M. Edwyn Harrison
Paul Angulo
34 Functional Gall-bladder and Sphincter of Oddi
23 Drug-induced Liver Injury, 235
Disorders, 365
Einar S. Björnsson and Naga Chalasani
Bret T. Petersen
24 Alcoholic Liver Disease, 243
35 Cancer of the Gall Bladder and Biliary Tree, 374
Helga Paula and Vijay Shah
David J. Rea, David M. Nagorney, and
25 Autoimmune Liver Diseases, 250
Charles B. Rosen
Jayant A. Talwalkar and Keith D. Lindor
36 Biliary Strictures and Leaks, 383
26 Vascular Diseases of the Liver, 261
Erin W. Thackeray and William Sanchez
Bashar A. Aqel
27 Hepatic Complications of Bone Marrow
Index, 393
Transplantation, 275
Kelly K. Curtis, James L. Slack, and Hugo E. Vargas
28 Hepatic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases, 288
Stephen Crane Hauser
Part 6 Liver Transplantation
29 Indications and Selection of Patients for Liver
A companion website for this book is available at:
Transplantation, 299
practicalgastrohep.com
Saleh Alqahtani and Kymberly D.S. Watt
Contributors
Saleh Alqahtani, MD Elizabeth J. Carey, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Um Alqura University Mayo Clinic
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Scottsdale, AZ, USA
Paul Angulo, MD Naga Chalasani, MD
Professor of Medicine Professor and Director
Section Chief of Hepatology Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
University of Kentucky Medical Center Indiana University School of Medicine
Lexington, KY, USA Indianapolis, IN, USA
Bashar A. Aqel, MD Nayantara Coelho- Prabhu, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Fellow in Gastroenterology
Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Scottsdale, AZ, USA Rochester, MN, USA
Todd H. Baron, MD Kelly K. Curtis, MD
Professor of Medicine Fellow in Hematology/Oncology
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division of Hematology/Oncology
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA Scottsdale, AZ, USA
Mashal Jatoi Batheja, MD David D. Douglas, MD
Fellow in Gastroenterology Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Scottsdale, AZ, USA Scottsdale, AZ, USA
Einar S. Bjö rnsson, MD, PhD Juan F. Gallegos- Orozco, MD
Professor of Medicine Fellow in Gastroenterology
Head of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
L andspitali University Hospital Mayo Clinic
Reykjavik, Iceland Scottsdale, AZ, USA
Thomas J. Byrne, MD Ferga C. Gleeson, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine
Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Scottsdale, AZ, USA Rochester, MN, USA
vii
viii Contributors
Andrea A. Gossard, MS, CNP Shimon Kusne, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chair, Division of Infectious Diseases
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA Scottsdale, AZ, USA
John B. Gross, MD Nirusha Lachman, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Anatomy
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA Rochester, MN, USA
Timothy J. Gunneson, PA - C Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, MD
Instructor in Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine
William J. von Liebig Transplant Center Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA Rochester, MN, USA
Denise M. Harnois, DO Feng Li, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Fellow in Gastroenterology
Department of Transplant Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Mayo Clinic University of Maryland Medical Center
Jacksonville, FL, USA Baltimore, MD, USA
M. Edwyn Harrison, MD Ann McCullough, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor
Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
Mayo Clinic M ayo Clinic
Scottsdale, AZ, USA Scottsdale, AZ, USA
Stephen Crane Hauser, MD Kristin L. Mekeel, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor of Surgery
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division of Transplant, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA Scottsdale, AZ, USA
J. Eileen Hay, MD Ethan D. Miller, MD
Professor of Medicine Fellow in Gastroenterology
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA Scottsdale, AZ, USA
Patrick S. Kamath, MD David C. Mulligan, MD
Professor of Medicine Professor of Surgery and Chair
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division of Transplant, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA Scottsdale, AZ, USA
W. Ray Kim, MD David M. Nagorney, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine Professor of Surgery
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery
Mayo Clinic Department of Surgery
Rochester, MN, USA Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA