Power System Analysis & Design, SI Version, 5th ed.

850 Pages·2011·15.76 MB·English

by  J. Duncan Glover

This page intentionally left blank

This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed
content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right
to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For
valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate
formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for
materials in your areas of interest.
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN
FIFTH EDITION, SI
J. DUNCAN GLOVER
FAILURE ELECTRICAL, LLC
MULUKUTLA S. SARMA
NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
THOMAS J. OVERBYE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
Australia (cid:129) Brazil (cid:129) Japan (cid:129) Korea (cid:129) Mexico (cid:129) Singapore (cid:129) Spain (cid:129) United Kingdom (cid:129) United States
PowerSystemAnalysisandDesign, (cid:2)c 2012,2008CengageLearning
FifthEdition,SI
ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyright
J.DuncanGlover,MulukutlaS.Sarma,
hereinmaybereproduced,transmitted,stored,orusedinanyformor
andThomasJ.Overbye
byanymeansgraphic,electronic,ormechanical,includingbutnotlimited
tophotocopying,recording,scanning,digitizing,taping,Webdistribution,
Publisher,GlobalEngineering:
informationnetworks,orinformationstorageandretrievalsystems,
ChristopherM.Shortt
exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStates
AcquisitionsEditor:SwatiMeherishi
CopyrightAct,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.
SeniorDevelopmentalEditor:HildaGowans
EditorialAssistant:TanyaAltieri Forproductinformationandtechnologyassistance,contactusat
TeamAssistant:CarlyRizzo CengageLearningCustomer&SalesSupport,1-800-354-9706.
MarketingManager:LaurenBetsos Forpermissiontousematerialfromthistextorproduct,
submitallrequestsonlineatcengage.com/permissions.
MediaEditor:ChrisValentine Furtherpermissionsquestionscanbee-mailedto
ContentProjectManager:JenniferZiegler [e-mail].
ProductionService:RPKEditorialServices
Copyeditor:ShellyGerger-Knechtl LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011924686
Proofreader:BeckyTaylor ISBN-13:978-1-111-42579-1
Indexer:GlyphInternational ISBN-10:1-111-42579-5
Compositor:GlyphInternational
SeniorArtDirector:MichelleKunkler CengageLearning
InternalDesigner:CarmelaPeriera 200FirstStamfordPlace,Suite400
Stamford,CT06902
CoverDesigner:AndrewAdams
USA
CoverImage:(cid:2)cShebeko/Shutterstock
SeniorRightsAcquisitionsSpecialists:
MardellGlinski-SchultzandJohnHill CengageLearningisaleadingproviderofcustomizedlearningsolutions
withofficelocationsaroundtheglobe,includingSingapore,theUnited
TextandImagePermissionsResearcher:
Kingdom,Australia,Mexico,Brazil,andJapan.Locateyourlocalofficeat
KristiinaPaul
international.cengage.com/region.
FirstPrintBuyer:AretheaL.Thomas
CengageLearningproductsarerepresentedinCanadaby
NelsonEducation,Ltd.
Foryourcourseandlearningsolutions,visit
www.cengage.com/engineering.
Purchaseanyofourproductsatyourlocalcollegestoreoratour
preferredonlinestorewww.cengagebrain.com.
Printed inthe UnitedStatesofAmerica
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13 12 11
TO LOUISE, TATIANA & BRENDAN, ALISON & JOHN, LEAH, OWEN,
ANNA, EMILY & BRIGID
DearLord!KindLord!
GraciousLord!Ipray
ThouwiltlookonallIlove,
Tenderlyto-day!
Weedtheirheartsofweariness;
Scattereverycare
Downawakeofangel-wings
Winnowingtheair.
Bringuntothesorrowing
Allreleasefrompain;
Letthelipsoflaughter
Overflowagain;
Andwithalltheneedy
Odivide,Ipray,
Thisvasttreasureofcontent
Thatismineto-day!
JamesWhitcombRiley
This page intentionally left blank
C O N T E N T S
Preface to the SI Edition xii
Preface xiii
List of Symbols, Units, and Notation xix
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
Case Study: The Future Beckons: Will the Electric Power
IndustryHeed theCall? 2
1.1 History of Electric Power Systems 10
1.2 Present and Future Trends 17
1.3 Electric UtilityIndustryStructure 21
1.4 Computers in Power System Engineering 22
1.5 PowerWorldSimulator 24
CHAPTER 2 Fundamentals 31
Case Study: Making Microgrids Work 32
2.1 Phasors 46
2.2 Instantaneous Powerin Single-Phase AC Circuits 47
2.3 Complex Power 53
2.4 Network Equations 58
2.5 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 60
2.6 Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 68
2.7 Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase Versus
Single-Phase Systems 74
CHAPTER 3 Power Transformers 90
Case Study: PJM Manages Aging Transformer Fleet 91
3.1 The IdealTransformer 96
3.2 EquivalentCircuits for Practical Transformers 102
3.3 The Per-Unit System 108
3.4 Three-Phase Transformer Connectionsand Phase Shift 116
3.5 Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of BalancedThree-Phase
Two-Winding Transformers 121
3.6 Three-Winding Transformers 126
3.7 Autotransformers 130
3.8 Transformers with O¤-Nominal Turns Ratios 131
vii
viii CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4 Transmission Line Parameters 159
Case Study: Transmission Line Conductor Design Comes of Age 160
Case Study: Six Utilities Share Their Perspectives onInsulators 164
4.1 Transmission Line Design Considerations 169
4.2 Resistance 174
4.3 Conductance 177
4.4 Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor 178
4.5 Inductance: Single-Phase Two-WireLine and Three-Phase
Three-Wire Linewith Equal Phase Spacing 183
4.6 Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing,
Bundled Conductors 185
4.7 Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors
and Earth Return 193
4.8 ElectricField and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor 199
4.9 Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-WireLine and Three-Phase
Three-Wire Linewith Equal Phase Spacing 201
4.10 Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing,
Bundled Conductors 204
4.11 Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors
and Earth Return 207
4.12 ElectricFieldStrength at Conductor Surfaces
and at GroundLevel 212
4.13 ParallelCircuit Three-Phase Lines 215
CHAPTER 5 Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation 233
Case Study: The ABCsof HVDC TransmissionTechnologies 234
5.1 Medium and Short Line Approximations 248
5.2 Transmission-Line Di¤erentialEquations 254
5.3 Equivalent p Circuit 260
5.4 Lossless Lines 262
5.5 Maximum Power Flow 271
5.6 Line Loadability 273
5.7 ReactiveCompensation Techniques 277
CHAPTER 6 Power Flows 294
Case Study: Future Vision 295
Case Study: Characteristics of Wind Turbine Generators
for Wind PowerPlants 305
6.1 DirectSolutions to Linear Algebraic Equations:
Gauss Elimination 311
6.2 Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations:
Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel 315
6.3 Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations:
Newton–Raphson 321