Power Electronics : Advanced Conversion Technologies

707 Pages·2018·17.09 MB·English

by  Lin Luo

Power Electronics
P O W E R E L E C T R O N I C S A N D
A P P L I C AT I O N S S E R I E S
Muhammad H. Rashid, Series Editor
University of West Florida
PUBLISHED TITLES
Advanced DC/DC Converters
Fang Lin Luo and Hong Ye
Alternative Energy Systems: Design and Analysis with Induction
Generators, Second Edition
~
M. Godoy Simoes and Felix A. Farret
Complex Behavior of Switching Power Converters
Chi Kong Tse
DSP-Based Electromechanical Motion Control
Hamid A. Toliyat and Steven Campbell
Electric Energy: An Introduction
Mohamed El-Sharkawi
Electrical Machine Analysis Using Finite Elements
Nicola Bianchi
Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles:
Fundamentals, Theory, and Design
Mehrdad Eshani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien E. Gay, and Ali Emadi
Uninterruptible Power Supplies and Active Filters
Ali Emadi, Abdolhosein Nasiri, and Stoyan B. Bekiarov
Power Electronics
Advanced Conversion Technologies
Second  Edition
by
Fang Lin Luo
Hong Ye
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Contents
Preface to the Second Edition .........................................................................................................xxi
Preface to the First Edition ..........................................................................................................xxiii
Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................................................xxv
Authors .........................................................................................................................................xxvii
Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................1
1.1 Symbols and Factors Used in This Book ..........................................................1
1.1.1 Symbols Used in Power Systems .........................................................1
1.1.2 Factors and Symbols Used in AC Power Systems................................4
1.1.3 Factors and Symbols Used in DC Power Systems ...............................7
1.1.4 Factors and Symbols Used in Switching Power Systems .....................7
1.1.5 Other Factors and Symbols ................................................................10
1.1.5.1 Very Small Damping Time Constant .................................10
1.1.5.2 Small Damping Time Constant ..........................................11
1.1.5.3 Critical Damping Time Constant........................................12
1.1.5.4 Large Damping Time Constant ..........................................13
1.1.6 Fast Fourier Transform .......................................................................14
1.1.6.1 Central Symmetrical Periodical Function ..........................15
1.1.6.2 Axial (Mirror) Symmetrical Periodical Function ..............15
1.1.6.3 Nonperiodical Function ......................................................15
1.1.6.4 Useful Formulae and Data ..................................................16
1.1.6.5 Examples of Fast Fourier Transform Applications .............16
1.2 AC/DC Rectifiers ............................................................................................21
1.2.1 Historic Problems ...............................................................................22
1.2.2 Updated Circuits .................................................................................22
1.2.3 Power Factor Correction Methods......................................................22
1.3 DC/DC Converters ..........................................................................................22
1.3.1 Updated Converter .............................................................................23
1.3.2 New Concepts and Mathematical Modeling ......................................23
1.3.3 Power Rate Checking .........................................................................23
1.4 DC/AC Inverters ..............................................................................................24
1.4.1 Sorting Existing Inverters ..................................................................25
1.4.2 Updated Circuits .................................................................................25
1.4.3 Soft-Switching Methods .....................................................................25
1.5 AC/AC Converters ...........................................................................................25
1.6 AC/DC/AC and DC/AC/DC Converters..........................................................26
Homework ..................................................................................................................26
Bibliography ...............................................................................................................27
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 2 Uncontrolled AC/DC Rectifiers .................................................................................29
2.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................29
2.2 Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifiers ..................................................................30
2.2.1 R Load ................................................................................................30
2.2.2 R–L Load ............................................................................................31
2.2.2.1 Graphical Method ...............................................................34
2.2.2.2 Iterative Method 1 ...............................................................35
2.2.2.3 Iterative Method 2 ...............................................................35
2.2.3 R–L Circuit with Freewheeling Diode ...............................................36
2.2.4 An R–L Load Circuit with a Back emf ..............................................38
2.2.4.1 Negligible Load–Circuit Inductance ..................................41
2.2.5 Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier with a Capacitive Filter ................41
2.3 Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifiers ..................................................................45
2.3.1 R Load ................................................................................................46
2.3.2 R–C Load ...........................................................................................48
2.3.3 R–L Load ............................................................................................51
2.4 Three-Phase Half-Wave Rectifiers ..................................................................52
2.4.1 R Load ................................................................................................53
2.4.2 R–L Load ............................................................................................54
2.5 Six-Phase Half-Wave Rectifiers .......................................................................55
2.5.1 Six-Phase with a Neutral Line Circuit ................................................55
2.5.2 Double Antistar with Balance-Choke Circuit ....................................56
2.6 Three-Phase Full-Wave Rectifiers ...................................................................57
2.7 Multiphase Full-Wave Rectifiers .....................................................................59
2.7.1 Six-Phase Full-Wave Diode Rectifiers ...............................................59
2.7.2 Six-Phase Double-Bridge Full-Wave Diode Rectifiers .......................60
2.7.3 Six-Phase Double-Transformer Double-Bridge Full-Wave
Diode Rectifiers ..................................................................................61
2.7.4 Six-Phase Triple-Transformer Double-Bridge Full-Wave
Diode Rectifiers ..................................................................................62
Homework ..................................................................................................................62
Bibliography ...............................................................................................................63
Chapter 3 Controlled AC/DC Rectifiers .....................................................................................65
3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................65
3.2 Single-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifiers ................................................65
3.2.1 R Load ................................................................................................65
3.2.2 R–L Load ............................................................................................67
3.2.3 R–L Load Plus Back emf V ...............................................................69
c
3.3 Single-Phase Full-Wave Controlled Rectifiers ................................................71
3.3.1 α > ϕ, Discontinuous Load Current ...................................................72
3.3.2 α < ϕ, Verge of Continuous Load Current .........................................73
3.3.3 α < ϕ, Continuous Load Current .......................................................74
3.4 Three-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifiers ................................................74
3.4.1 R Load Circuit ....................................................................................74
3.4.2 R–L Load Circuit ................................................................................76
3.5 Six-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifiers .....................................................78
3.5.1 Six-Phase with a Neutral Line Circuit ................................................78
3.5.2 Double Antistar with a Balance-Choke Circuit .................................79
Contents ix
3.6 Three-Phase Full-Wave Controlled Rectifiers .................................................80
3.7 Multiphase Full-Wave Controlled Rectifiers ...................................................83
3.7.1 Effect of Line Inductance on Output Voltage (Overlap) ....................86
Homework ..................................................................................................................88
Bibliography ...............................................................................................................88
Chapter 4 Implementing Power Factor Correction in AC/DC Converters .................................91
4.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................91
4.2 DC/DC-Converterized Rectifiers ....................................................................92
4.3 Pulse-Width Modulation Boost-Type Rectifiers ..............................................99
4.3.1 DC-Side Pulse-Width Modulation Boost-Type Rectifier .................100
4.3.1.1 Constant-Frequency Control .............................................101
4.3.1.2 Constant-Tolerance-Band (Hysteresis) Control ................101
4.3.2 Source-Side Pulse-Width Modulation Boost-Type Rectifiers ..........101
4.4 Tapped-Transformer Converters ....................................................................104
4.5 Single-Stage Power Factor Correction AC/DC Converters ...........................108
4.5.1 Operating Principles .........................................................................110
4.5.2 Mathematical Model Derivation ......................................................111
4.5.2.1 Averaged Model over One Switching Period T ................111
s
4.5.2.2 Averaged Model over One Half Line Period T ................113
L
4.5.3 Simulation Results ............................................................................115
4.5.4 Experimental Results .......................................................................115
4.6 VIENNA Rectifiers .......................................................................................117
4.6.1 Circuit Analysis and Principle of Operation ....................................119
4.6.2 Proposed Control Arithmetic ...........................................................122
4.6.3 Block Diagram of the Proposed Controller for the VIENNA
Rectifier ............................................................................................124
4.6.4 Converter Design and Simulation Results ........................................124
4.6.5 Experimental Results .......................................................................127
Homework ................................................................................................................131
Bibliography .............................................................................................................131
Chapter 5 Ordinary DC/DC Converters ...................................................................................133
5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................133
5.2 Fundamental Converters ...............................................................................135
5.2.1 Buck Converter .................................................................................136
5.2.1.1 Voltage Relations ..............................................................136
5.2.1.2 Circuit Currents ................................................................137
5.2.1.3 Continuous Current Condition (Continuous
Conduction Mode) ............................................................138
5.2.1.4 Capacitor Voltage Ripple ..................................................138
5.2.2 Boost Converter ................................................................................139
5.2.2.1 Voltage Relations ..............................................................139
5.2.2.2 Circuit Currents ................................................................141
5.2.2.3 Continuous Current Condition ..........................................141
5.2.2.4 Output Voltage Ripple ......................................................142