Power Electronic System Design: Linking Differential Equations, Linear Algebra, and Implicit Functions

400 Pages·2021·33.416 MB·English

by  Keng C. Wu

POWER ELECTRONIC
SYSTEM DESIGN
Linking Differential
Equations, Linear Algebra,
and Implicit Functions
KENGC.WU
SwitchingPower,Inc.Ronkonkoma,NY,UnitedStates
POWER ELECTRONIC
SYSTEM DESIGN
Linking Differential
Equations, Linear Algebra,
and Implicit Functions
Elsevier
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Contents
AbouttheAuthor xi
Preface xiii
1. Capacitorandinductor 1
1.1 Capacitorequationindifferentialform 1
1.2 Capacitorequationinintegralform 2
1.3 Inductorequationindifferentialform 3
1.4 Inductorequationinintegralform 4
1.5 DefinitionofinductanceandFaraday’slaw 4
1.6 Magneticcouplingandmutualinductance 5
1.7 Transformerequation 7
1.8 Nonidealcapacitor,nonidealinductor,andequivalentcircuit 10
1.9 Transformerequivalentcircuits 11
1.10 Physicalsizeofcapacitorandinductor 13
1.11 Specificationsforcapacitorandinductor 15
2 First-ordercircuits 19
2.1 RCnetworkwithperiodicdrivesource 19
2.2 Sawtooth(triangleramp)generator 30
2.3 Full-waverectifierwithRCload 33
2.4 AbrushlessDCMotorwithpermanentmagnetsrotor 38
2.5 ABLDCmotorspeeddetector 45
References 47
3 Currentsource 49
3.1 Semiconductordiodeequation 49
3.2 Simplecurrentsource 50
3.3 BobWidlarcurrentsource 54
3.4 Improvedcurrentsource 58
3.5 Sourceimpedance 60
3.6 555timer 64
3.7 Precisioncurrentloop 70
3.8 Current-modelaserdriver 74
3.9 LEDarraydriver 76
3.10 JFETcurrentsource 77
3.11 MOSFETcurrentsource 78
vii
viii Contents
4 Secondorder 81
4.1 Form 81
4.2 Root 83
4.3 Timedomain 85
4.4 Frequencydomain 89
4.5 Parallelandserialresonance 92
4.6 Eigenvalueapproach 103
4.7 RCfiltersandSallen–Keyfilters 104
4.8 Powerfilters 111
4.9 Oscillator 113
4.10 Implicitfunction 120
5 Gainblocks 123
5.1 Class-Adirect-coupledbipolartransistoramplifiers 123
5.2 Class-AB,B,Cbipolartransistoramplifiers 129
5.3 Transformer-coupledtransistoramplifiers 133
5.4 Class-Dswitch-modepoweramplifiers 135
5.5 Pulsewidthmodulator 139
5.6 Digital(clocked)windowcomparator 140
5.7 Linearoperationalamplifiers 142
5.8 Tunedamplifiersandimplicitfunction 147
5.9 Compositenonlinearoperationalamplifiers 150
5.10 Unity-gainbandwidthofop-amp 153
5.11 Largesignalgainofop-amp 156
6 Feedbackapproaches 167
6.1 Voltagefeedback 167
6.2 Currentfeedback 170
6.3 PIDfeedback 175
6.4 Statefeedback 178
6.5 Feedbackisolation 180
7 Controlpractices 189
7.1 Levelcontrol 189
7.2 Modecontrol 190
7.3 Zonecontrol 192
7.4 Variablestructures 193
7.5 Sensor 196
7.6 Openloop 198
Contents ix
7.7 Closeloop 200
7.8 Loopcontention 203
7.9 Timecontrol 204
7.10 Sequentialtimecontrol 206
8 Linearregulator 213
8.1 Bipolarseriesvoltageregulator 213
8.2 MOSFETseriesvoltageregulator 223
8.3 Multipleimplicitfunctionapproach 227
8.4 Designprocedureforloopstability 228
8.5 Designprocedureforerroramplifiers 230
8.6 Current-modelaserdriverdesignprocedure 236
8.7 Shuntregulators 238
9 Switch-modeDC/DCconverters 241
9.1 Powerfilter,inductor,andcapacitor 243
9.2 Fundamentaltopologies 249
9.3 Operationaldynamicsofbasicbucktopology 254
9.4 Operationaldynamicsofbasicboosttopology 257
9.5 Operationaldynamicsofbasicflybackconverter 259
9.6 Cascadedconverter—nonisolated 261
9.7 Isolatedconverter—forwardconverter 264
9.8 Isolatedconverter—half-bridgeconverter 269
9.9 Isolatedconverter—push–pullconverter 272
9.10 Isolatedconverter—full-bridgeconverter 272
9.11 Isolatedconverter—quasi-resonantconverter 273
9.12 Analogfeedback 275
9.13 Closeloop—analog 288
9.14 Closeloop—digital 296
10 ACdrives,rectification,andinductiveloads 299
10.1 ReexamineRC-loadedrectifier 299
10.2 ACdrivewithunidirectionalRLload 301
10.3 Half-waveACdrivewithnonpulsatingcurrentfeedingRLload 304
10.4 Full-waveACdrivewithnonpulsatingcurrentfeedingRLload 305
10.5 Phase-controlledACdrivewithRLload 307
10.6 Phase-controlledACdrivewithfree-wheeldiodeandRLload 309
10.7 Phase-controlledfull-waveACdrivewithRLload 311
10.8 Three-phasecircuits 313
x Contents
11 Rotation,three-phasesynthesis,andspacevectorconcepts 319
11.1 Magneticfield(flux) 319
11.2 Synthesisofthree-phasesourcesandinverters 323
11.3 Vectorconcept 331
AppendixA Acceleratedsteady-stateanalysisforaparallelresonant
networkfedbynonsinusoidal,half-waverectifiedcurrent 347
AppendixB Matrixexponential 349
AppendixC Example4.7MATLABm-file 351
AppendixD Example8.1 353
AppendixE Ageneralmass-spring-dashpotsecond-ordersystem;
firstalternative 359
AppendixF Ageneralmass-spring-dashpotsecond-ordersystem;
secondalternative 363
AppendixG Ageneralmass-spring-dashpotsecond-ordersystem;
thirdalternative 365
AppendixH Matrixexponential—Jordanform 367
AppendixI Astep-by-stepprimerondigitalpower-supplydesign 369
Digitaltides 369
Tumbletodigital 369
Roadmaptodigital 370
Navigatetodigitalfilter 371
Workoutaforwardconverterexample 373
Implementation 377
Conclusion 380
References 381
AppendixJ MotorwindingdrivenbySCRphase-controlled
sinesource 383
Index 385
About the Author
Keng C.Wu,anativeofChiayi( ),Dalin( ),Taiwan,receivedtheB.S.
degree from Chiaotung University, Taiwan, in 1969 and the M.S. degree
from Northwestern University,Evanston,Illinois in 1973.
Hewasaleadmember,technicalstaff,ofLockheedMartin,Moorestown,
NJ.He has published five books:Pulse Width Modulated DC-DC Converters
Chapman & Hall,January 1997;Transistor Circuits for Spacecraft Power System
KluwerAcademicPublishers,November2002;Switch-modePowerConverters:
Design and Analysis Academic Press,Elsevier,November 2005;Power Recti-
fiers,Inverters,andConverterLulu.comNovember2008.;PowerConverterswith
Digital Filter Feedback Control, Elsevier, Academic Press, 2016. He holds a
dozen US patents,was awarded Author of the Year twice (2003 and 2006
at Lockheed Martin),and presented a 3-hour educational seminar at IEEE
APEC-2007 S17.
xi