power control of standalone hybrid power system for isolated loads in islanding mode आइलिडंग ...

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POWER CONTROL OF STANDALONE HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM FOR ISOLATED LOADS IN ISLANDING MODE

आइल(cid:339)िडंग मोड यु(cid:389) पृथक लोड की पॉवर का (cid:720)(cid:339)डअलोन संकर

पॉवर (cid:366)णाली (cid:554)ारा िनयं(cid:361)ण

BY
SHALINI SHARMA

THESIS

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY

IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

(POWER ELECTRONICS)

2016

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICALENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UDAIPUR-313 001 (RAJASTHAN)
POWER CONTROL OF STANDALONE HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM FOR ISOLATED LOADS IN ISLANDING MODE

आइल(cid:339)िडंग मोड यु(cid:389) पृथक लोड की पॉवर का (cid:720)(cid:339)डअलोन संकर

पॉवर (cid:366)णाली (cid:554)ारा िनयं(cid:361)ण
THESIS

SUBMITTED TO THE

MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UDAIPURIN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

(POWER ELECTRONICS)

BY
SHALINI SHARMA
2016
MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, UDAIPUR

Dated:

CERTIFICATE - I

This is to certify that Ms. SHALINI SHARMA has successfully completed the comprehensive
examination held on, 27th February, 2016 as required under the regulations for M.Tech. in Electrical
Engineering with specialization in Power Electronics.

(Dr. Naveen Jain)
Major Advisor
Department of ElectricalEngineering
College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur

(Dr. R.R. Joshi)
Head
Department of Electrical Engineering
College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur
MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, UDAIPUR

Dated:

CERTIFICATE-II

This is to certify that this thesis entitled “POWER CONTROL OF STANDALONE HYBRID
POWER SYSTEM FOR ISOLATED LOADS IN ISLANDING MODE” submitted for the degree of
M. Tech. in Electrical Engineering with specialization in Power Electronics embodies bonafide research
work carried out by Ms. SHALINI SHARMA under my guidance and supervision and that no part of
this thesis has been submitted for any other degree. The assistance and help received during the course of
investigation have been fully acknowledged. The draft of the thesis was also approved by the advisory
committee on 29.10.2015.

(Dr. Naveen Jain)
Major Advisor
Department of Electrical Engineering
College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur

(Dr. R.R. Joshi)
Head
Department of Electrical Engineering
College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur

(Dr. S.S. Rathore)
DEAN
College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I offer my heartily gratitude to the God for giving me the life of the human
being who have a different identify among all the creatures of the Earth planet. After that, I
bow my head before my parents Mr. Kaushal K. Sharma and Mrs. Veena Sharma who
have been nurturing me since my birth by scarifying their all ambition and providing me the
entire requirements above their level.
It is my proud privilege to express my devout gratitude and indebtedness to my major
advisor Dr. Naveen Jain, Department of EE, CTAE, Udaipur for his thoughtful guidance,
constant fomenting and impeccable advices throughout the course of present study, which
inspired me to carry out the research work in time.
I feel great pleasure and privilege to owe my heart-felt gratitude to Dr. R. R. Joshi,
Professor and Head, Department of EE, CTAE, Udaipur for his guidance, valuable
suggestions, meticulous supervision and critical manuscript checking.
I feel deep sense of gratitude to express my heartfelt thanks to the members of my
advisory committee, Dr.Vinod Yadav, Assistant Professor, Department of EE, CTAE,
Udaipur, Dr. Navneet K. Agrawal, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, CTAE, Udaipur
and Dr. H.K. Mittal, DRI Nominee, Professor and Head, Department of SWCE, Udaipur
whose rewarding guidance and kind help in providing necessary facilities in time made the
research study an achievement. Also I would like to thank Dr. Jai Kumar Maherchandani,
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Dr. Vikramaditya Dave,
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering for their guidance.
I am privileged to express sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my dear friends Huda
Quazi, Surbhi Agarwal, Akash Agrawal, Maya Buliwal, Priyambada Shahi, Divya Singh
Chouhan for their help, support and encouragement throughout the degree course and
giving me so many memorable moments which will remain forever with me. Last but not
least, I would like to thank all classmates.
Many have not been mentioned, but none is forgotten.

Place: Udaipur
Date: (Shalini Sharma)

i
ABSTRACT
With increase in population, there is energy crisis scenario. This has increased the bridge
between demand and supply relation. Due to depletion of conventional energy sources, there is
lack in supply of energy. The renewable energy sources are a boon in energy sector but their
standalone operation is highly unreliable due to intermittent nature of renewable sources.
Therefore, their standalone operation causes interruption in the power supply to the load. For
stable operation and capable supply to meet the load demand, hybrid combination has been used.
The hybrid system generally operates either in isolated mode or in grid connected mode through
power electronics interface. The hybrid system enhances reliability and ensures continuous
power supply.
The thesis presents the proposed hybrid power system behavior which consists of the
combination of wind and hydro power plant. The research work aims to provide continuous
power flow as the hybrid power system is capable of fulfilling the load demands. The controller
is designed for continuous supply to the load and selects the optimum source in accordance with
the condition. The proposed MATLAB/Simulink model is investigated under different load
conditions. The investigated results depict that the hybrid power system with controller improves
the output power and delivers continuous power. Thus the efficiency and the reliability of the
overall system are improved considerably.

ii
सारांश
आज के दौर म(cid:336) ऊजा(cid:330) संकट पूरे िव(cid:695)भर म(cid:336) (cid:681)ा(cid:593) होता जा रहा है। इसके पीछे का मु(cid:421) कारण
जनसं(cid:421)ा का लगातार बढ़ाना भी है। ऊजा(cid:330) संकट से ता(cid:523)य(cid:330) यह है िक उ(cid:523)(cid:580) की गई िबजली और उपभो(cid:785)ता
(cid:554)ारा मांग की गई िबजली म(cid:336) बढ़ते अंतर से है। (cid:366)कृ ित (cid:554)ारा (cid:366)दान िकये गए ऊजा(cid:330) (cid:375)ोतो ंकी बढ़ती कमी इस
ऊजा(cid:330) संकट को बढ़ा रही है।
वायु,सौर आिद ऊजा(cid:330) के (cid:375)ोत भले ही अिनयिमत मा(cid:361)ा म(cid:336) (cid:366)कृ ित (cid:554)ारा (cid:366)दान िकये गए है, मगर इनकी
अिनरंतरता के कारण िसफ(cid:330) इनसे ऊजा(cid:330) उ(cid:523)(cid:580) करना एक अिव(cid:695)सनीय (cid:366)िकया होगी। अतः (cid:304)(cid:830)थर संचालन
एवं लोड की स(cid:407)म आपूित(cid:330) के िलए संकर संयोजन (cid:366)णाली का इ(cid:721)ेमाल लाभदायक है। संकर (cid:366)णाली
आमतौर पर पृथक मोड म(cid:336) या ि(cid:356)ड मोड म(cid:336) पावर इले(cid:387)(cid:332)ॉिनक यं(cid:361)ो (cid:554)ारा संचािलत होती है। संकर (cid:366)णाली
का इ(cid:721)ेमाल स(cid:636)ूण(cid:330) (cid:366)णाली की गुणव(cid:517)ा , िव(cid:695)सनीयता तथा सुचा(cid:348)ता को बढ़ावा देती है।
(cid:366)(cid:721)ुत थीिसस म(cid:336) वायु एवं जल ऊजा(cid:330) से संचािलत संकर (cid:366)णाली के बता(cid:330)व को (cid:366)(cid:721)ािवत िकया गया है।
इस संशोधन का मु(cid:421) उ(cid:542)े(cid:692) िबजली को सुचा(cid:349) (cid:349)प से मांग के अनुसार उपल(cid:617) करवाना है। इसी संधभ(cid:330)
म(cid:336) एक कं ट(cid:332)ोलर की रचना की गई है िजसका उ(cid:542)े(cid:692) लोड को अनुकू िलत एवं सुचा(cid:349) (cid:349)प से िबना िकसी भी
(cid:348)कावट के िबजली उपल(cid:617) करवाना है। (cid:366)(cid:721)ािवत MATLAB/Simulink मॉडल िविभ(cid:580) लोड प(cid:303)र(cid:304)(cid:830)थितयो ं
म(cid:336) जांचा गया है। जाँच के प(cid:303)रणामो से ये सािबत होता है िक कं ट(cid:332)ोलर यु(cid:389) संकर पावर (cid:366)णाली उ(cid:517)म (cid:349)प से
आउटपुट पॉवर एवं पॉवर की सुचा(cid:348)ता को बढ़ा रही है। अतः (cid:366)णाली की गुणव(cid:517)ा तथा िव(cid:695)सनीयता म(cid:336)
वृ(cid:304)(cid:544) हो रही है।

iii
Contents
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
Saaransh iii
Contents iv
List of Figures vi
List of Abbreviations viii
Chapter 1: Introduction 1-8
1.1 Renewable Energy 2
1.2 Hybrid Power System 4
1.3 Wind Power 5
1.4 Hydro Power 6
1.5 Power Management 7
Chapter 2: Literature Review 9-18
Chapter 3: Mathematical Modeling Of The System 19-39
3.1 Hydro Energy Generation 19
3.1.1 Mathematical model of hydro turbine governor system 20
3.1.2 Modeling of PID Controller 22
3.1.3 Modeling of electro hydro servo system 23
3.1.4 Mathematical modeling of servo motor 23

3.1.5 Modeling of hydraulic turbine 25
3.1.6 MATLAB/Simulink model of hydro turbine governor 28
3.2 Wind Generation 29
3.2.1 Model of the Wind System 30
3.2.2 Turbine Model 31

3.2.3 Shaft and Gearbox Model 33

3.2.4 Induction Generator Model 35

3.2.4.1 Standard Induction Machine Model 35
3.2.4.2 Conversion from abc to dq Quantities 36
iv
3.2.4.3 Computation of stator and rotor flux 38
Chapter 4: Results 40-47
Chapter 5: Conclusion and future scope 48

References 49-56
Appendix 57
Publications 58

v
List of Figures
F.N. Name Page No
1.1 Renewable energy sources 2
1.2 Potential capacity of renewable sources in India 3
1.3 Installed capacity (in MW) of renewable sources 4
1.4 Schematic diagram of components of wind turbine 6
1.5 Basic flow of Wind Power Generation 6
1.6 Hydro power plant 7
1.7 Power management for hybrid system 7
3.1 Block diagram representing hydro power plant 20
3.2 PID controller MATLAB/Simulink model 23
3.3 Model of hydro-electric servo system 25
3.4 MATLAB/Simulink model of hydro turbine 28
3.5 The block model of hydro turbine governor 29
3.6 Components of wind system 29
3.7 Airstream around the turbine 31
3.8 SIMULINK implementation of the wind turbine model 33
3.9 Shaft and gearbox model 34
3.10 Block diagram representation of the induction machine model 35

3.11 Space vector for the stator quantities a 36

3.12 Space vector for the rotor quantities 37

3.13 abc to dq conversion 38
4.1 Standalone wind current 40
4.2 Standalone wind voltage 41
4.3 Output voltage for 30kW load and 40kW load respectively 41
4.4 Output current at 30KW and 40KW 42
4.5 Output active power for 30kW load and 40kW load respectively 43
4.6 Wind voltage in hybrid plant at 30kW load & 40 kW load respectively 44
4.7 Hydro voltage in hybrid plant for 30kW load & 40kW load respectively 45
4.8 Hydro current in hybrid plant at 30kW and 40kW respectively 46
4.9 Wind current in hybrid plant for 40kW load 47
vi