Table Of ContentArchives
VIrology
Supplementum 5
o. W. Barnett (ed.)
Potyvirus Taxonomy
Springer-Verlag Wien New York
Dr. Ortus W. Barnett, Jr.
Depanmenl of Planl Pathology and Physiology
Clemson Uni versity, Clemson, South Carolina, U.S.A.
This work is subject to copyright.
All rights are reserved, w hether the who le o r part of the material isc oncerned, specifically
those of translation , reprinting, fe-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photo-
copying machine or similar means, and s torage in data banks.
© 1992 byS pringer-Verlag/wien
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992
Printed on acid-free paper
With 57 Figures
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Potyvirus laxonomy I O. W. Barnell (ed. )
p. em. - (Archives of virology . Supplementum. ISSN
0939- t 983 ; 5)
Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN- t3:978-3-2 11 -82353-8 e- ISBN- I 3: 978-3-7091 -6920-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-7091 -6920-9
I. Potyviruses. 2. Potyvi ruses- Nomenc1ature. L B arnett, O. W.
(Ortus W.), 1939- . II . Series.
QR4t I.P68 t992
567' .6483-dc20 92~25228
CIP
ISSN 0939- 1983
ISH N-I 3: 978-3-211-82353-8 Springer-Verlag Wien New York
e-ISB N-13: 978-3-7091-6920-9 Springer-Verlag New York Wien
Preface
The Potyvirus Study Group of the Plant Virus Subcommittee of the International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses found that discussing the many ramifica-
tions of potyvirus nomenclature and classification by mail made for slow
progress due to the size of the group and the diversity of ideas among study group
members. To expedite these deliberations, a workshop on Potyvirus Taxonomy
was held at the Biologische Bundesanstalt (BBA) in Braunschweig, Federal
Republic of Germany on 2-4 September 1990. Rudolf Casper of the BBA and
Gunter Adam of the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zell-
kulturen (DSMI) hosted the workshop which was sponsored by the Monsanto
Agricultural Company and the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und
Zellkulturen.
Persons interested in potyviruses or virus taxonomy were contacted about
this workshop. News of the workshop spread and eventually there were 65
participants from 14 countries. Presentations by participants covered many
aspects of the field of potyvirology including a general overview of poty-
viruses, serological relationships, nucleic acid sequences, biological proper-
ties, the pathogenesis-crop perspective, and specific situations in which taxo-
nomic problems occur. Concepts of taxonomy also were discussed in detail.
My initial objective for the workshop was to develop a set of criteria for use
in determining if a potyvirus isolate should be designated as a strain of a described
potyvirus or as a new potyvirus. However, the workshop participants decided
that enough information was not available to reach a consensus on this issue.
Instead, after reviewing potyvirology and changes in the Rules of Nomenclature
of Viruses which were made at the International Congress of Virology immedi-
ately preceding the workshop [seeArchives ofV irology Supplementum 2 (1991)],
the workshop participants voted to establish the plant virus family Potyviridae
and approved three genera and one possible genus. The approved genera were the
genus Potyvirus composed of the aphid-borne viruses with potato virus-Y as the
type species, the genus Bymovirus composed of the fungal-transmitted viruses
with barley yellow mosaic virus as the type species, and the genus Rymovirus
composed of the mite-borne viruses with ryegrass mosaic virus as the type spe-
cies. The possible genus Ipomovirus included the whitefly-borne virus, sweet
potato mild mosaic virus [Arch. Virol. 118: 139-141 (1991 )].
This volume includes much of the material discussed at the workshop but
it is also a synthesis of ideas and concepts from the workshop discussions and
VI Preface
individuals interested in potyvirus taxonomy. Many chapters start with a
recapitulation of potyviruses but each evolves to make its unique point(s)
stressed by the author. Rather than edit this volume to avoid all duplication, the
duplication was left to emphasize areas which many authors agree upon. Some
chapters are short, some are longer, but each makes its own contribution to the
taxonomy of potyviruses.
Because this volume deals with virus taxonomy and is a project of the
Potyvirus Study Group, taxonomic terminology must be utilized properly.
Since the proposal for the family Potyviridae has been approved by the Plant
Virus Subcommittee of ICTV, I thought it best to begin using family, genera,
and species terminology in this issue. When used in the formal taxonomic
sense, the first letter of virus family and genus are capitalized and the terms are
printed in italics; the name of the taxon precedes the term. The virus species
terms are always printed in lower case script even if part of the name is derived
from a botanical Latin binomial. For example, ... family Potyviridae and genus
Potyvirus; and for species, tobacco etch virus, johnsongrass mosaic virus,
datura shoestring virus, or Colombian datura virus would be correct (Colom-
bian is capitalized because it is the name of a country). To avoid confusion,
vernacular usage of 'potyvirus' without the taxon should refer only to a virus in
the genus Potyvirus; the family designation must be retained when referring to
species of the family. The "List of proposed standard acronyms for plant
viruses and viroids" [Arch. Virol. 120: 151-164 (1991)] also is used in this
issue (see pp. 9ff). Some of the acronyms for species of Potyviridae seem
awkward and use of family, genus, and species terminology had to be inte-
grated with the historical usage of group. This issue is a trial in a time of rapid
evolution of virus terminology. It was sometimes difficult to know when the
historical terminology was proper and when to utilize the new language. I hope
this issue will help plant virologists as they evolve toward usage of the family,
genus, and species terminology.
The workshop and this compilation could not have occurred without the
support of the Potyvirus Study Group. For 1991-1993 the group consists of G.
Adam, O.W. Barnett, A.A. Brunt, 1. Dijkstra, W.G. Daugherty, 1.R. Edwardson,
R. Goldbach, J. Hammond, J.H. Hill, R. Jordan, S. Kashiwazaki, K. Makkouk,
F. Morales, S.T. Ohki, D. Purcifull, E. Shikata, D.D. Shukla, and I. Uyeda.
The authors of this volume responded to the challenge to think about
viruses from the taxonomic viewpoint and produced their ideas in writing in
timely fashion. I am indebted to each for their cooperation.
Dr. F. A. Murphy, President of ICTV, and Dr. C. H. Calisher, Special Issues
Editor of Archives of Virology, were strong supporters of the topic of Potyvirus
Taxonomy being published as a special issue of the Archives of Virology. I thank
Faye Nicholson for typing the contributions in a uniform manner and M. T.
Zimmerman for art work.
January 1992 O. W. Barnett
Contents
Overview of potyviruses and taxonomy
Brunt, A.A.: The general properties of potyviruses ......................... 3
Atreya, C.D.: Application of genome sequence information in potyvirus taxonomy:
an overview ..................................................... 17
Edwardson, J. R.: Inclusion bodies ...................................... 25
Bos, L.: Potyviruses, chaos or order? ..................................... 31
Van Regenmortel, M.H.V.: What is a virus? .............................. 47
Serology and antigenic relationships
Shukla D.O., Lauricella, R., Ward, C. W.: Serology of potyviruses: current prob-
lems and some solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Richter, J.: Polyclonal reference antisera may be useful for the differentiation of
potyvirus species ................................................. 71
Salomon, R.: Proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminal region of potyvirus coat protein
and its relation to host recovery and vector transmission .................. 75
Derks, A.F.L.M.: Some unusual serological reactions among potyviruses . . . . . . . 77
Jordan, R.: Potyviruses, monoclonal antibodies, and antigenic sites ............ 81
Purcifull, D. E., Hiebert, E.: Serological relationships involving potyviral non-
structural proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Hammond, J.: Potyvirus serology, sequences and biology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 123
Rybicki, E. P., Shukla, D. D.: Coat protein phylogeny and systematics of potyviruses 139
Virus biology and variation
Dijkstra, Jeanne: Importance of host ranges and other biological properties for the
taxonomy of plant viruses .......................................... 173
Makkouk, K. M., Singh, M.: Clustering Potyviridae species on the basis of four
major traits ...................................................... 177
Hampton, R.O., Provvidenti, R.: Specific infectivity and host resistance have
predicated potyviral and pathotype nomenclature but relate less to taxonomy . 183
Provvidenti, R., Hampton, R. 0.: Sources of resistance to viruses in the Potyviridae 189
Kaniewski, W. K.: Potential for using transgenic plants as a tool for virus taxonomy 213
Ohki, S. T.: A potyvirus in nature: indistinct populations ..................... 217
Fernandez-Northcote, E.N.: Potyvirus taxonomy: potyviruses that affect solana-
ceous crops ...................................................... 221
Christie, R. G., Edwardson, J. R.: Biological variants of tobacco etch virus that in-
duce morphologically distinct nuclear inclusions ........................ 223
Lecoq, H., Purcifull, D.E.: Biological variability of potyviruses, an example:
zucchini yellow mosaic virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 229
VIII Contents
Zettler, F. W.: Designation of potyvirus genera: a question of perspective and timing 235
Wechmar, M.B. v., Chauhan, R., Knox, E.: Fungal transmission of a potyvirus:
uredospores of Puccinia sorghi transmit maize dwarf mosaic virus . . . . . . . . .. 239
Berger, P.H.: The usefulness of aphid transmission as a taxonomic criterion for
potyviruses ...................................................... 251
Genome and sequence relationships
Edwardson, J.R.: Viruses of the Potyviridae with non-aphid vectors ........... 259
Zagula, K.R., Niblett, C.L., Robertson, N.L., French, R., Lommel, S.A.: Poty-
viridae: genus Rymovirus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 269
Mayo, M.A.: How important is genome division as a taxonomic criterion in plant
virus classification? ............................................... 277
Ward, C.W., McKern, N.M., Frenkel, M.J., Shukla, D.D.: Sequence data as the
major criterion for potyvirus classification ............................. 283
Goldbach, R.: The recombinative nature of potyviruses: implications for setting up
true phylogenetic taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 299
Virus relationships
Lovisolo, 0., Kitajima, E. W.: Nomenclature and relationships of some Brazilian
leguminous potyviruses related to bean common mosaic and/or passionfruit
woodiness viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 307
Lovisolo, 0.: Ecology and taxonomy of some European potyviruses . . . . . . . . . . .. 311
Vlugt, C.I.M. van der, Goldbach, R., Derks, A.F.L.M.: Relationships among iris
severe mosaic virus (lSMV) isolates .................................. 317
Virus relationships - PVY subgroup
Hiebert, E., Purcifull, D.E.: A comparison of pepper mottle virus with potato
virus Y and evidence for their distinction .............................. 321
Vlugt, R. van der: Is pepper mottle virus a strain of potato virus Y? . . . . . . . . . . .. 327
Bowman Vance, Vicki, Jordan, R., Edwardson, J.R., Christie, R., Purcifull,
D.E., Turpen, T., Falk, B.: Evidence that pepper mottle virus and potato virus
Yare distinct viruses: analyses ofthe coat protein and 3' untranslated sequence
of a California isolate of pepper mottle virus ........................... 337
Virus relationships - SCMV subgroup
Jensen, S. G.: A viewpoint on the taxonomy of potyviruses infecting sugarcane,
maize, and sorghum ............................................... 349
Lesemann, D.-E., Shukla, D.D., Tosic, M., Huth, W.: Differentiation of the four
viruses of the sugarcane mosaic virus subgroup based on cytopathology ..... 353
Shukla, D.D., Frenkel, M.J., McKern, N.M., Ward, C. W., Jilka, J., Tosic, M.,
Ford, R. E.: Present status of the sugarcane mosaic subgroup of potyviruses .. 363
Virus relationships - BYMV subgroup
Uyeda, I.: Bean yellow mosaic virus subgroup; search for the group specific se-
quences in the 3' terminal region of the genome ......................... 377
Contents IX
Virus relationships - BCMV subgroup
Dijkstra, Jeanne, Khan, J.A.: A proposal for a bean common mosaic subgroup of
potyviruses ...................................................... 389
Mink, G.I., Silbernagel, M.J.: Serological and biological relationships among
viruses in the bean common mosaic virus subgroup ...................... 397
McKern, N. M., Ward, C. W., Shukla, D. D.: Strains of bean common mosaic virus
consist of at least two distinct potyviruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 407
Vetten, H.J., Lesemann, D.-E., Maiss, E.: Serotype A and B strains of bean com-
mon mosaic virus are two distinct potyviruses .......................... 415
Summary
Barnett, O. W.: A summary of potyvirus taxonomy and definitions. . . . . . . . . . . .. 435
Subject index 445
Listed in Current Contents
Overview of potyviruses and taxonomy
