Posttraumatic and Acute Stress Disorders

166 Pages·2015·2.93 MB·English

by  Matthew J. Friedman (auth.)

Posttraumatic
and Acute
Stress Disorders
Matthew J. Friedman
Sixth Edition
123
Posttraumatic and Acute Stress Disorders

Matthew J . Friedman
Posttraumatic and Acute
Stress Disorders
Sixth Edition
Matthew J . Friedman
National Center for PTSD
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
White River Junction , VT , USA
Departments of Psychiatry and
Pharmacology & Toxicology
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
Hanover , NH , USA
ISBN 978-3-319-15065-9 ISBN 978-3-319-15066-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15066-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015930205
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
1st edition: © Compact Clinicals 2000
2nd edition: © Compact Clinicals 2001
3rd edition: © Compact Clinicals 2003
4th edition: © Compact Clinicals 2006
5th edition: © Jones & Bartlett 2012
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
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To Gayle and Dick

Pref ace
Although the basic format hasn’t changed, this sixth edition of P osttraumatic and
Acute Stress Disorders has been revised extensively. First of all, the new DSM-5
diagnostic criteria for PTSD and acute stress disorder (ASD) are discussed, in depth, in
Chaps. 2 and 6 , respectively. In addition, updated tables listing instruments for assess-
ing diagnosis and symptom severity are cited and annotated in seven Appendices, as in
previous editions. Separate lists are shown for adults and children and adolescents.
Second, thanks to remarkable progress in clinical trials research, Chaps. 3 – 5
have also been revised to keep pace with this expanding literature. This is especially
true in Chap. 4 where, in addition to a focus on cognitive-behavioral therapy and
other individual psychosocial treatments (e.g., eye movement desensitization and
reprocessing, EMDR), the growing literature is presented on couples, family, group,
and school-based treatments for adults, children, and adolescents. There are also
sections on applications of technology to facilitate treatment by utilizing telehealth,
the Internet, and mobile apps. In addition, Chap. 5 updates our psychobiological
understanding of PTSD and presents the latest information on evidence-based phar-
macotherapy for the disorder.
Finally, Chap. 6 addresses both normal acute stress reactions and clinically sig-
nifi cant ASD. Besides a review of diagnostic and treatment issues, it addresses our
emerging understanding of resilience and how such knowledge may guide preven-
tive public health approaches in order to ameliorate the extreme distress caused by
exposure to traumatic events.
D on’t let the size of this book fool you. Although it is concise, it leaves few
trauma-related stones unturned with regard to assessment and treatment. And for
those inspired to learn more about any specifi c topic, the extensive bibliography is
a good place to start. In short, this little book is a comprehensive, sophisticated,
updated, and practical resource for clinicians, designed to assist your efforts to pro-
vide the best clinical attention to individuals suffering from posttraumatic and acute
stress disorders.
White River Junction, VT Matthew J. Friedman, M.D., Ph.D.
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Contents
1 Overview of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) ............................. 1
What Is Trauma? ......................................................................................... 2
What Is the History and Prevalence of PTSD? ........................................... 3
Historical Overview ................................................................................ 3
Prevalence ............................................................................................... 4
Can PTSD Be Prevented? ........................................................................... 4
How Severe and Chronic Is PTSD? ............................................................ 5
References ................................................................................................... 7
2 Recognizing, Diagnosing, and Assessing PTSD ...................................... 9
What Are the Main Characteristics of PTSD? ............................................ 9
Classifi cation of PTSD in DSM-5............................................................... 10
What Are the D SM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD? ................................. 11
The Traumatic Stress Criterion ................................................................... 11
Multiple Traumas .................................................................................... 16
Introduction to Symptoms of PTSD ........................................................... 16
Intrusion Symptoms ................................................................................ 16
Avoidance Symptoms ............................................................................. 17
Negative Alterations in Cognitions and Mood ........................................ 17
Preschool Subtype ....................................................................................... 19
Dissociative Subtype ................................................................................... 19
Delayed Expression .................................................................................... 20
DSM-5 Diagnostic Thresholds.................................................................... 20
How Should Clinicians Approach Initial Patient Interviews? .................... 25
Risk Factors for PTSD ................................................................................ 26
What Tools Are Available for Diagnosing PTSD? ...................................... 27
How Do You Differentiate PTSD from Comorbid
and Other Disorders? .................................................................................. 29
Traumatic Brain Injury ................................................................................ 29
Other Posttraumatic Problems .................................................................... 31
References ................................................................................................... 33
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