Postharvest Oxidative Stress in Horticultural Crops

284 Pages·2003·4.65 MB·English

by  D. Mark Hodges

D. Mark Hodges
Editor
Postharvest Oxidative Stress
in Horticultural Crops
Pre-publication “PostharvestOxidativeStressinHorti-
REVIEWS, culturalCropsbringscurrentknowl-
COMMENTARIES, edgeofoxidativereactionsinplanttis-
sue and their implications together
EVALUATIONS . . .
underonecover.Longrelegatedtothe
statusofasecondaryeffect(i.e.,incon-
sequential), lipid peroxidation finally
gets the focused attention it so justly
deserves. Solid reviews of the litera-
“PostharvestOxidativeStressinHorti-
ture portray the potential role of per-
cultural Crops is a new and in- oxidation in a wide range of cellular
sightfulapproachtoexamininghowpre- eventsincludingrespiration,senescence,
harvest and postharvest factors influ- low-temperatureinjury,andozonere-
encequalityandpostharvestlifeofhor- ponsewhilemaintainingahealthyskep-
ticultural perishables. The focus is on ticism where merited. The treatments
antioxidativestrategiestocounteractthe gobeyondmerefactstoprovideamore
effectsofoxidativestressinfreshfruits, comprehensiveunderstandingofper-
oxidationanditsphysiologicalconse-
vegetables,andornamentals.Thebook
quences.Averyusefulfeatureofmost
providesaconnectionbetweenfoodand
chapters is an outline of future direc-
health since antioxidants that protect
tions in research as they relate to
plantproductsagainstseveralstresses thespecifictopiccovered.Finally,the
alsoplayanimportantroleinprotect- void on my bookshelf reserved for
inghumansagainstseveralchronicdis- quality works on lipid peroxidation
eases.” willhaveitsfirstoccupant.”
Adel A. Kader Robert L. Shewfelt, PhD
Professor of Postharvest Physiology, Professor of Food Science and Technology,
University of California at Davis University of Georgia
More pre-publication
REVIEWS, COMMENTARIES, EVALUATIONS . . .
“PostharvestOxidativeStressinHorticul- constitute the plant cell’s defenses
turalCropsthoroughlyexploresthe against reactive oxygen species.
developing,broadhypothesisthatoxi- Thisbookwillbeavaluableresource
dative stress plays an integral role in for researchers in the field, providing
a broad-ranging summary of current
the postharvest storage life of fresh
knowledgeandinsightsintothelogical
fruitsandvegetables.Thebookmakes
direction of future investigations. It
acompellingcasefortheinvolvement
shouldalsoproveworthwhiletoother
ofactiveoxygenspeciesinanarrayof plant scientists interested in an over-
physiological phenomena, including view of the role of oxidative stress in
fruit ripening, natural and stress- themaintenanceoffruitandvegetable
inducedsenescence,storagedisorders, qualityafterharvestor,alternatively,in
andresponsestowoundinganddecay- currentthoughtsontheinvolvementof
causingmicroorganisms.Severalchap- activeoxygenspeciesinspecificdisor-
tersofthebookprovideaclearandup- derssuchaschillinginjuryorsuperfi-
to-date picture of how and where cial scald in apple and pear fruits.”
oxyradicalsaregeneratedinplantcells,
andhowtheyreactwithvariouscellu-
larcomponents,eventuallycausingcell Bruce Whitaker, PhD
death. Equally important and informa- Plant Physiologist,
tive are concise, lucid synopses of the Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory,
crucial cycling and interplay of antioxi- Beltsville Agricultural Research Center,
dant compounds and enzymes that will Beltsville, MD
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Postharvest Oxidative Stress
in Horticultural Crops
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Postharvest Oxidative Stress in Horticultural Cropsedited by D. Mark Hodges
EncyclopedicDictionaryofPlantBreedingandRelatedSubjectsbyRolfH.G.Schlegel
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Postharvest Oxidative Stress
in Horticultural Crops
D. Mark Hodges, PhD
Editor
Food Products Press®
An Imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc.
New York • London • Oxford
Published by
FoodProductsPress®,animprintofTheHaworthPress,Inc.,10AliceStreet,Binghamton,NY
13904-1580.
©2003byTheHaworthPress,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedor
utilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,microfilm,
andrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting
from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
Cover design by Lora Wiggins.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Postharvest oxidative stress in horticultural crops / D. Mark Hodges, editor.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56022-962-4 (alk. paper)—ISBN 1-56022-963-2
1.Horticulturalcrops—Postharvestdiseasesandinjuries.2.Horticulturalcrops—Effectofox-
ygen on. 3. Oxidation, Physiological. I. Hodges, D. Mark.
SB319.5 .P67 2003
635'.0468—dc21
2002068607
CONTENTS
About the Editor ix
Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Chapter 1. Overview: Oxidative Stress and Postharvest
Produce 1
D. Mark Hodges
Active Oxygen Species 1
General AOS Activity 3
AOS Generation 4
Conclusion 7
Chapter 2. Postharvest Response of Horticultural
Products to Ozone 13
Charles F. Forney
Introduction 13
Ozone Chemistry 13
Physiological Effects on Plants 16
Postharvest Use on Fresh Produce 31
Conclusion and Topics for Further Research 43
Chapter 3. Low Temperature As a Causative Agent
of Oxidative Stress in Postharvest Crops 55
Wendy V. Wismer
Introduction 55
Chilling Injury 57
Low-Temperature Sweetening 59
Low-Temperature Stress-Related Quality Defects 60
Temperature Preconditioning to Inhibit Low-Temperature
Oxidative Stress 63
Conclusion 65
Issues and Topics for Further Research 65
Chapter 4. Effects of Storage Conditions and Postharvest
Procedures on Oxidative Stress in Fruits
and Vegetables 69
Peter M. A. Toivonen
Introduction 69
Maturity at Harvest 70
Storage Duration 72
Storage Temperature 73
Postharvest Water Loss 75
Controlled and Modified Atmospheres 75
Ethylene 77
Irradiation 79
Future Directions 81
Chapter 5. Superficial Scald—A Postharvest Oxidative
Stress Disorder 91
John M. DeLong
Robert K. Prange
Chemistry of Scald 92
Scald and Oxidative Stress Theories 94
Ethylene and Scald 97
Postharvest Scald Treatments to Control Oxidative Stress 98
Conclusion and Future Research Direction 103
Chapter 6. Oxidative Stress Affecting Fruit Senescence 113
Gene Edward Lester
Introduction 113
Oxidative Stress 118
Factors Affecting Oxidative Stress and Senescence 120
Recent Research into Fruit Oxidative Stress 122
Conclusion 124
Issues for Further Research 125