Table Of ContentPostharvest Handling
Postharvest Handling
A Systems Approach
Third Edition
Edited by
Wojciech J. Florkowski
University ofGeorgia, Griffin,GA, USA
Robert L. Shewfelt
University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Bernhard Brueckner
Institute for Vegetableand Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Germany
Stanley E. Prussia
University ofGeorgia, Griffin,GA, USA
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Dedication
The third editionof thisbookis dedicated
in memory of Dr. Tommy Nakayama, Food Science and Technology
in honor of Dr. Brahm Verma,Biological and Agricultural Engineering
inmemory ofDr.Joseph C. Purcell, AgriculturalandApplied Economics,
of the Universityof Georgia Experiment Station,Griffin, Georgia,USA
and
inhonor of Dr. Ju¨rgen Weichmannofthe Technical University
Munich, Germany.
TommyNakayama andBrahm Verma hadthe vision to develop a
collaborative research project betweenfood science and engineering and hired a
scientist andan engineer toturn the vision into areality.
Joseph C. Purcell encouraged the economists hehired tobe activelyinvolved in
extending economicknowledge toongoing projects inproduction and
postharvest research.
Ju¨rgen Weichmann constantly inspired his team ofyoung scientists touncover
physiological plantprocesses, essential to improve postharvest technology.
Without their vision and confidenceinus,this book would not
have been written.
v
Preface
This book is the 3rd revised edition of the book titled “Postharvest Handling: A
Systems Approach” published originally in 1993. The application of systems
thinking and the systems approach to postharvest handling of fresh fruits and
vegetables generates a continued interest and stimulates interdisciplinary research
on the topic. Since the publication of the 2nd edition, the systems approach has
been proposed for the studyof foodand development policy.
The systems approach offers a technique needed to address the increasing
complexities of modern world problems, and is a tacit admission of inadequate
solutions of real world problems through the application of a strictly disciplinary
approach. The disciplinary approach will remain important, but the practical use
of such solutions calls for placing them in the context of the actual situation and
accounting for direct and increasingly important indirect effects on other players
inthe freshfruit andvegetable industry.
Since the 2nd edition of the book, the world consumption of fresh fruits and
vegetables has increased. The international trade in fresh fruit has been growing
quite rapidly, increasing the importance of rules, regulations, temperature regimes
and legal responsibilities because the value of the shipped fresh produce is high.
The variety of issues in terms of postharvest handling, packing, transporting, trac-
ing the path of fresh produce, retailing and addressing sustainability has increased
as the population of consumers expands worldwide and becomes increasingly
diversified in terms oftheir ability to purchase andtheir preferences.
The systems approach remains relevant to fresh fruit and vegetable supply
value chains for delivering the quality desired by consumers. As in the previous
editions, the team of authors made their contributions to the current version. We
continue to struggle with the shaping of a common vision of the industry, while
sharing the recognition of the systems approach as the single vision driving our
individual efforts. We intend to apply this approach while being open to new per-
spectives as the world around the fruit and vegetable industry changes. In recent
years,progress has been uneven acrossvarious disciplinesengagedinthe delivery
of quality fresh produce to consumers. That uneven progress is reflected in the
content ofthe current edition incomparison to the 2nd edition.
The daily consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables continues to fall short of
the recommended level in many countries of the world. We note in the current
edition that the source of variation in consumption is not limited to disposable
income, but it is influenced by a number of factors. Household fresh fruit con-
sumption differs from vegetable consumption and poses a challenge to suppliers
and postharvest researchers. Consumers remain the key to the sustained economic
success of the fresh fruit and vegetable industry and will remain the focus of the
industry.
xvii
xviii Preface
Consumer and household diversification offers earlier absent opportunities for
trade and marketing requiring specific handling procedures, selection of distribu-
tion channels, focus on quality, but also poses new challenges in terms of protect-
ing quality in shipping and finding solutions for trade disputes. These new
developments expand rather than limit the application of the systems approach,
and this revised and updated book emphasizes this message to audiences around
the world; from players in the private and public sector to students and research-
ers inacademic and governmentinstitutions.
List of Contributors
Nigel H. Banks
Postharvest.CoLimited, New Zealand
Frank Bollen
Zespri InternationalLtd, Mt Maunganui,New Zealand
Claudio Bonghi
DAFNAE,University ofPadova, Italy
Jacobus J. Bouwer
Koos Bouwer Consulting,Welgemoed, Cape Town, SouthAfrica
Bernhard Brueckner
Leibniz-Institutefor VegetableandOrnamental Crops(IGZ),Grossbeeren,
Germany
Inge Bulens
Flanders Centre ofPostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Ray Collins
School ofFood and Agricultural Sciences, University ofQueensland, Australia
CarlosH. Crisosto
Department ofPlant Sciences, University ofCalifornia, Davis,CA, USA
JosseDe Baerdemaeker
Flanders Centre ofPostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Bart De Ketelaere
Flanders Centre ofPostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
MalcolmC. Dodd
Department ofHorticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch,
SouthAfrica
Jean-Pierre Emond
Electro-OpticalSystems Laboratory,Georgia Tech Research Institute,Atlanta,
GA, USA
xix
xx List of Contributors
ElazarFallik
ARO (cid:1)The Volcani Center,Department ofPostharvestScience ofFresh
Produce,Bet Dagan, Israel
Wojciech J. Florkowski
Department ofAgricultural and Applied Economics, The University ofGeorgia,
Griffin, GA, USA
Emanuela Fontana
Emanuelafontana.comConsulting, Vinovo (Torino), Italy
Shengfei Fu
Department ofAgricultural and Applied Economics, The University ofGeorgia,
Athens, GA, USA
MaartenL.A.T.M. Hertog
Flanders Centreof PostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
AnnaM. Klepacka
Faculty ofProductionEngineering, WarsawUniversity ofLife Sciences-SGGW,
Warsaw,Poland
Jeroen Lammertyn
Flanders Centreof PostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
GeorgeA. Manganaris
Department ofAgricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus
University ofTechnology,Lemesos, Cyprus
Ting Meng
Department ofAgricultural and Applied Economics, The University ofGeorgia,
Athens, GA, USA
Padmanand MadhavanNambiar
Department ofAgricultural and Applied Economics, The University ofGeorgia,
Athens, GA, USA
Bart M.Nicolaı¨
Flanders Centreof PostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
SilvanaNicola
Department ofAgricultural, Forest and Food Sciences(cid:1) AgriForFood, DISAFA,
Universita` diTorino, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
List of Contributors xxi
Sompoch Noichinda
Division ofAgro-Industrial Technology, Faculty ofApplied Science,King
Mongkut’sUniversity ofTechnologyNorthBangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
Cristian M. Ortiz
LIPA: Laboratorio de Investigacio´n en Productos Agroindustriales
Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina y Centro de Investigacio´n y
Desarrollo en Criotecnolog´ıa de Alimentos, CIDCA (CONICET-UNLP), La
Plata, Argentina
Stanley E.Prussia
University ofGeorgia, College ofEngineering, Griffin, GA,USA
Wouter Saeys
Flanders Centre ofPostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Daniel B. Sarpong
University ofGhana-Legon, Ghana
Rob E.Schouten
Group HPC: HorticulturalProduction Chains, Wageningen University and
Research, Wageningen,The Netherlands
SholomoSela
Postharvest Science ofFresh Produce,Agricultural Research Organization,
The VolcaniCenter,Israel
Ghanna Sheremenko
Department ofAgricultural and Applied Economics, The University ofGeorgia,
Athens, GA, USA
Robert L. Shewfelt
Food Science and Technology,University ofGeorgia, Athens, GA, USA
Anna L. Snowdon
University ofCambridge, WolfsonCollege, Cambridge, UK
GabrielO.Sozzi
Consejo Nacional de InvestigacionesCientı´ficas y Te´cnicas,Ciudad de Buenos
Aires, Argentina
Sara A.Sparks
Thermo Pac, Stone Mountain, Georgia
xxii List of Contributors
Leopold (Pol) M.M.Tijskens
Group HPC: Horticultural ProductionChains, Wageningen University and
Research, Wageningen,The Netherlands
PietroTonutti
Institute ofLife Science,Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna,Pisa, Italy
PieterVerboven
Flanders Centreof PostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
ArielR. Vincente
LIPA:Laboratorio de Investigacio´n en ProductosAgroindustriales Universidad
Nacional de La Plata, Argentina yCentro deInvestigacio´n yDesarrollo en
Criotecnologı´a de Alimentos, CIDCA (CONICET-UNLP),La Plata, Argentina
Kerry B.Walsh
Plant SciencesGroup,CentralQueensland University,Rockhampton,
Queensland, Australia
Wendy V.Wismer
Department ofAgricultural, Food and Nutritional Science,University ofAlberta,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
ChalermchaiWongs-Aree
PostharvestTechnologyProgram, School ofBioresources and Technology,King
Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi,Bangkok, Thailand
