Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Diagnosis, Management and Outcomes

223 Pages·2021·10.254 MB·English

by  Savyasachi C. Thakkar, Erik A. Hasenboehler

Post-Traumatic
Arthritis
Diagnosis, Management
and Outcomes
Savyasachi C. Thakkar
Erik A. Hasenboehler
Editors
123
Post-Traumatic Arthritis
Savyasachi C. Thakkar
Erik A. Hasenboehler
Editors
Post-Traumatic Arthritis
Diagnosis, Management and Outcomes
Editors
Savyasachi C. Thakkar Erik A. Hasenboehler
Hip & Knee Reconstruction Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Johns Hopkins Adult Trauma Service
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution
Columbia, MD Baltimore, MD
USA USA
ISBN 978-3-030-50412-0 ISBN 978-3-030-50413-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50413-7
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors
or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims
in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
I would like to dedicate this book to my
parents Mrs. Heena C. Thakkar and Dr.
C.J. Thakkar for their dedicated upbringing
and commitment towards excellence in life. I
would also like to dedicate the book to my
wife Dr. Rashmi S. Thakkar and my children
Sahuri and Shaarav who have provided me
with untiring support, love and patience.
Without these individuals, I would not be
where I am today!
Savyasachi C. Thakkar, MD
This book is dedicated to my beloved father
Dr. Giorgio Hasenboehler, who passed years
ago of cancer, and to my mother Elfriede
Hasenboehler, whom have always supported
me and have fostered my passion for
medicine and the surgical specialty. I also
would like to acknowledge my love Ana
Torregrosa for her infinite support, and last
my dearest children Nikolas and Lukas to
whom this book shall be an example of
commitment to teaching, learning and
dedication to a fulfilling profession.
Erik A. Hasenboehler, MD
Preface
The incidence and prevalence of post-traumatic arthritis is increasing globally due
to longevity of life, increased activity and injuries. Orthopaedic surgeons are skilled
at treating traumatic injuries to the extremities and joints. Early anatomic stabiliza-
tion is required when it comes to traumatic joint reconstructions. Unfortunately,
post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of a joint is an unpredictable consequence that
can occur at any time, in different presentations, severity and complexity after an
injury. Delayed post-traumatic complications require a thorough understanding of
anatomic principles, meticulous planning and symphonic surgical execution. Timing
of treatment and subsequent care of PTOA are the most essential aspects to achieve
excellent outcomes in this challenging group of patients.
The book is broadly divided into two parts – upper extremity and lower extrem-
ity – to encompass the breadth of the subject while delving into the unique chal-
lenges of each joint. Additional parts of the book will also cover the basic science of
cartilage degeneration in response to trauma, dedicated imaging modalities that
optimize visualization and surgical planning of the arthritic joint and the economic
impact of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
It is our hope that the readers of this book will receive a comprehensive frame-
work to base their clinical decisions and learn about the latest techniques in manag-
ing these challenging injuries. The book is geared towards general orthopaedic
surgeons and sub-specialty trained orthopaedic surgeons with equal measure. The
book has also been written for orthopaedic surgeons in training who require a broad
overview of this subject to complement their education.
This book would not have been possible without the tremendous synergy between
basic science experts, radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons with a passion for
teaching by example. On behalf of the editors and the authors, we hope that you
enjoy reading this book and apply the principles of managing post-traumatic osteo-
arthritis for the benefit of your patients.
Columbia, MD, USA Savyasachi C. Thakkar
Baltimore, MD, USA Erik A. Hasenboehler
vii
Acknowledgments
The creation of this book has been a collective effort of several professionals. First,
we would like to thank the authors who have provided us their invaluable time and
energy to assemble various surgical cases that highlight the sentinel principles of
post-traumatic arthritis. Second, we would like to acknowledge Ms. Meera
V. Shanbhag who has devoted her talents as a pre-medical student at Vanderbilt
University in reviewing manuscripts and collating the contents of this book.
Third, this book would not have been possible without the oversight and plan-
ning provided by Mr. Kristopher Spring and Ms. Abha Krishnan. Both of them have
provided us with tremendous resources to make this book a reality.
Finally, we would like to thank our families for providing us with incredible sup-
port and motivation to devote time to projects such as this.
ix
Contents
Part I B ackground and Assessment of Post- traumatic Arthritis
1 The Role of TGF-β in Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Gehua Zhen and Xu Cao
2 Imaging Modalities for Post-traumatic Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Filippo Del Grande, Luca Deabate, and Christian Candrian
3 Economic Implications of Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Hip and
Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Richard Iorio, Kelvin Y. Kim, Afshin A. Anoushiravani, and
William J. Long
Part II P ost-traumatic Arthritis of the Upper Extremity
4 Post-traumatic Glenohumeral Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Uma Srikumaran and Eric Huish
5 Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Kevin O’Malley, Ryan Churchill, Curtis M. Henn, and Michael
W. Kessler
6 Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Wrist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Sophia A. Strike and Philip E. Blazar
7 Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Andrew P. Harris, Thomas J. Kim, and Christopher Got
Part III Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Lower Extremity
8 Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Acetabulum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Savyasachi C. Thakkar, Erik A. Hasenboehler, and Chandrashekhar
J. Thakkar
xi
xii Contents
9 Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Proximal Femur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Raj M. Amin, Erik A. Hasenboehler, and Babar Shafiq
10 Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Distal Femur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Karthikeyan Ponnusamy and Ajit Deshmukh
11 Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Proximal Tibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Stefanie Hirsiger, Lukas Clerc, and Hermes H. Miozzari
12 Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Ankle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Nigel N. Hsu and Lew Schon
13 Post-traumatic Arthritis of the Foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Ram K. Alluri and Eric W. Tan
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Contributors
Ram K. Alluri, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine
of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Raj M. Amin, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins
Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
Afshin  A.  Anoushiravani, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany
Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
Philip E. Blazar, MD Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Christian Candrian, MD Servizio di ortopedia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano,
Ticino, Switzerland
Xu Cao, PhD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, MD, USA
Ryan Churchill, MD Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Department of
Orthopaedics, Washington, DC, USA
Lukas Clerc, MD Division of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Department of
Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland
Luca Deabate, MD Servizio di ortopedia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ticino,
Switzerland
Filippo Del Grande, MD Clinica di Radiologia EOC, Istituto di Imaging della
Svizzera Italiana, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Ticino, Switzerland
Ajit Deshmukh, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University,
New York, NY, USA
Christopher  Got, MD Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School,
Providence, RI, USA
xiii