Table Of Contentpost-disaster reconstruction of the built environment
p
rebuilding for resilience
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post-disaster
edited by dilanthi amaratunga and richard haigh os
ft
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Disasters threaten all parts of the world and they appear to be increasing in frequency, scale td
reconstruction
and intensity. Despite huge improvements in the emergency response, permanent reconstruction hi
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is often uncoordinated, ineffi ciently managed and slow to begin. International agencies are e
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geared to an effi cient response in terms of humanitarian relief, but they are not well versed in bs
the requirements of long term reconstruction, which is often constrained by lack of planning and ut of the built
poorly coordinated management. ie
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The construction industry is typically engaged in a range of critical activities after a disaster, t
including provision of temporary shelter in the immediate aftermath and restoration of r environment
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permanent shelter and public infrastructure once the immediate humanitarian needs have been ne
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attended to. Post-Disaster Reconstruction of the Built Environment identifi es the challenges that v
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face the industry and highlights best practice to enable the construction industry to address i
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those problems which make an effective response to these unexpected events diffi cult. Written os rebuilding for resilience
by an international team of experts, this book will help researchers and advanced students of
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construction understand the problems faced by communities and the construction industry when r
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faced with a natural or man-made disaster and identify the planning and management processes u
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required by the industry to mount an effective response. c
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Dilanthi Amaratunga is Professor of Disaster Management at the University of Salford, UK, where ti
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she leads the University’s Centre for Disaster Resilience.
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Richard Haigh is a Senior Lecturer at the Centre for Disaster Resilience, University of Salford, UK.
also available
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Evaluating Sustainable Development: In the built environment a
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Second Edition a
Peter Brandon and Patrizia Lombardi t
u edited by
Hardback, 9781405192583, 280 pages n
g dilanthi amaratunga and richard haigh
Conservation and Sustainability in Historic Cities a
Dennis Rodwell a
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Paperback, 9781405126564, 272 pages
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Cover design: Meaden Creative
Cover images: Flooded house, image courtesy of Shutterstock. A new hospital under construction and a new school built in Ampara, Sri
Lanka following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, images courtesy of Richard Haigh.
ISBN 978-1-4443-3356-5
9 781444 333565
amaratunga_9781444333565_hb.indd 1 11/5/11 10:52:44
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Post-Disaster
Reconstruction of the
Built Environment
Rebuilding for Resilience
Edited by
DilanthiAmaratunga
ProfessorofDisasterManagementattheCentreforDisasterResilience
SchooloftheBuiltEnvironment
UniversityofSalford,UK
RichardHaigh
SeniorLecturerattheCentreforDisasterResilience
SchooloftheBuiltEnvironment
UniversityofSalford,UK
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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This edition first published 2011 © 2011 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Post-disasterreconstructionofthebuiltenvironment:rebuildingforresilience/
editedbyDilanthiAmaratungaandRichardHaigh.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-4443-3356-5(hardcover:alk.paper) 1. Buildings–Repairand
reconstruction–Standards. 2. Disasters–Socialaspects. 3. Architectural
design–Technologicalinnovations. 4. Architectureandsociety. I. Amaratunga,Dilanthi.
II. Haigh,Richard.
TH3401.P752011
690(cid:2) .24–dc22 2011002981
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Thisbookispublishedinthefollowingelectronicformats:ePDF9781444344912;WileyOnline
Library9781444344943;ePub9781444344929;Mobi9781444344936
(cid:3)
Setin10/12.5ptMinionbyAptaraR Inc.,NewDelhi,India
1 2011
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Thisbookisdedicatedtodisaster-affectedcommunities
aroundtheworld
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Contents
AbouttheEditors x
ListofContributors xii
Foreword xviii
Acknowledgements xix
1 Introduction 1
RichardHaighandDilanthiAmaratunga
1.1 Aglobalchallenge 2
1.2 Whyfocusuponthebuiltenvironment? 4
1.3 Resilienceinthebuiltenvironment 5
1.4 Disastersasawindowofopportunity 7
1.5 Structureofthebook 9
References 11
2 CapacityDevelopmentforPost-DisasterReconstruction
oftheBuiltEnvironment 13
KanchanaGinigeandDilanthiAmaratunga
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Capacityneedsforpost-disasterreconstruction 14
2.3 Capacitygapsinpost-disasterreconstruction 18
2.4 Capacitydevelopmentframework 20
2.5 Summary 27
References 28
3 CapacityoftheConstructionIndustryforPost-Disaster
Reconstruction:Post-TsunamiSriLanka 30
KrisanthiSeneviratne
3.1 Introduction 30
3.2 Impactoftsunami 31
3.3 Disasterriskmanagement 35
3.4 Roleoftheconstructionsectorinpost-disasterrecovery 38
3.5 Post-tsunamiSriLanka:theroleoftheSriLankan
constructionindustry 39
3.6 Capacityoftheconstructionindustryin
post-tsunamireconstruction 42
3.7 Summary 47
References 48
v
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vi Contents
4 ResourcingforPost-DisasterReconstruction:ALongitudinal
CaseStudyFollowingthe2008EarthquakeinChina 51
YanChang,SuzanneWilkinson,ReganPotangaroa
andEricaSeville
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Theimpactofthe2008Wenchuanearthquake 52
4.3 Wenchuanearthquakereconstructionprocess 52
4.4 ResourcingforWenchuanearthquakereconstruction 56
4.5 Keyresourcingproblemsandsolutionsadoptedbythe
Chinesereconstructionteams 60
4.6 Summary 65
Notes 66
References 66
5 EmpowermentinDisasterResponseandReconstruction:
RoleofWomen 70
NiroojaThurairajah
5.1 Introduction 70
5.2 Theconceptofempowerment 71
5.3 Women’sempowerment 75
5.4 Womeninapost-disastersetting 79
5.5 Women’sempowermentinpost-disasterreconstruction 83
5.6 Summary 86
References 87
6 Community-BasedPost-DisasterHousingReconstruction:
ExamplesfromIndonesia 91
TaufikaOphiyandri
6.1 Introduction 91
6.2 Disastervulnerability 91
6.3 Nationalpolicy 97
6.4 Communityparticipationinreconstruction 99
6.5 Community-basedreconstructionpractices 103
6.6 Summary 113
References 113
7 S takeholderConsultationintheReconstructionProcess 117
NuwaniSiriwardenaandRichardHaigh
7.1 Introduction 117
7.2 Definingstakeholders 118
7.3 Stakeholdersandpost-disasterreconstruction 118
7.4 Classifyingstakeholders 121
7.5 Expectationgapsinpost-disasterhousingreconstruction 123
7.6 Developingastakeholderengagementstrategy 126
7.7 Summary 130
References 130
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Contents vii
8 ProjectManagementofDisasterReconstruction 133
UdayanganiKulatunga
8.1 Introduction 133
8.2 Procurementandcontractmanagement 135
8.3 Sourcingoflabour,materialandequipment 137
8.4 Resourcemanagement 139
8.5 Qualitycontrol 139
8.6 Financing 141
8.7 Governance 143
8.8 Disasterriskreduction 146
8.9 Summary 148
References 148
9 LegislationforEffectivePost-DisasterReconstruction:
CasesfromNewZealand 151
JamesOlabodeRotimi,SuzanneWilkinsonandDeanMyburgh
9.1 Introduction 151
9.2 Recoveryandreconstruction 151
9.3 Legislativeandregulatoryconsiderationspostdisaster 155
9.4 Improvingrecoverythroughlegislation 159
9.5 Impedimentstopost-disasterreconstruction:
theNewZealandBuildingAct(BA)2004 161
9.6 NewZealandCaseStudy1:Manawatu-Wanganui
Floods,2004 163
9.7 NewZealandCaseStudy2:Matata(BayofPlenty)
Floods,2005 165
9.8 Lessonsforpost-disasterlegislationchanges 168
9.9 Summary 170
References 170
10 Conflict,PostConflictandPost-ConflictReconstruction:
ExploringtheAssociatedChallenges 175
KrisanthiSeneviratneandDilanthiAmaratunga
10.1 Introduction 175
10.2 Conflicts 176
10.3 Conflictcircle 181
10.4 Postconflict 182
10.5 Post-conflictreconstruction 184
10.6 Summary 189
References 190
11 PrivateConstructionSectorEngagementin
Post-DisasterReconstruction 192
RichardSuttonandRichardHaigh
11.1 Introduction 192
11.2 Challengesinpost-disasterreconstruction 192
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viii Contents
11.3 Whatistheroleoftheprivatesector? 193
11.4 Businessandhumanitariancollaborations 194
11.5 Corporatesocialresponsibility 195
11.6 Encouragingprivatesectorparticipation 197
11.7 Integratingprivateconstructionsectorsupportfor
post-disasterreconstruction 199
11.8 Summary 204
References 206
12 KnowledgeManagementPracticesandSystemsIntegration 208
ChamindaPathirage
12.1 Introduction 208
12.2 Disastermanagementcycle 210
12.3 Knowledgemanagementindisastermanagementcontext 212
12.4 Sharingandtransferringdisastermanagementknowledge 213
12.5 Casestudiesofgoodpracticesandlessonslearned 216
12.6 Capacityenhancingandknowledgestrategies:the
ISLANDproject 223
12.7 Summary 231
References 232
13 RestorationofMajorInfrastructureandRehabilitation
ofCommunities 236
KaushalKeraminiyage
13.1 Introduction 236
13.2 Impactofdisastersoninfrastructure 237
13.3 Impactofthefailureofinfrastructureindisaster-affected
communitiesandinfrastructureinterdependencies 240
13.4 Post-disasterinfrastructurereconstructionandrestoring
majorinfrastructure 242
13.5 Post-disasterinfrastructurereconstructionforimproved
qualityoflife 246
13.6 Summary 247
References 248
14 SustainablePost-DisasterWasteManagement:Construction
a ndDemolitionDebris 251
GayaniKarunasena
14.1 Introduction 251
14.2 Constructionanddemolitiondebrismanagementin
post-disastersituations 252
14.3 C&Ddebrismanagement 254
14.4 C&Ddebrismanagementandsustainability 259
14.5 Summary 262
References 263
