Table Of Contentpost-communist transitional justice
Taking stock of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the collapse of the communist
regimes of Central and Eastern Europe, this volume explores the ways these
societieshavegrappledwiththeserioushumanrightsviolationsofpastregimes.
Itfocusesonthemostimportantfactorsthathaveshapedthenature,speed,and
sequenceoftransitionaljusticeprogramsintheperiodspanningthetumultuous
revolutionsthatbroughtaboutthecollapseofthecommunistdictatorshipsandthe
consolidationofnewdemocraticregimes.Contributorsexplainwhyleadersmade
certainchoices,discussthechallengestheyfaced,andexploretheroleofunder
studied actors and grassroots strategies. Written by recognized experts with an
unparalleled grasp of the region’s communist and post-communist reality, this
volumeaddressesfar-reachingreckoning,redress,andretributionpolicychoices.
Itisanengagingandcarefullycraftedvolume,anditcoversawidevarietyofcases
anddiscusseskeytransitionaljusticetheoriesusingbothqualitativeandquantita-
tiveresearchmethods.
Lavinia Stan is Associate Professor in the department of political science at St.
FrancisXavierUniversity,Canada.Sheisanassociateeditorofthepeer-reviewed
Women’sStudiesInternationalForumand,mostrecently,thecoauthororcoeditor
of Transitional Justice in Post-Communist Romania (2013); Church, State and
Democracy in the Expanding Europe (with Lucian Turcescu, 2011); and the
three-volume Encyclopedia of Transitional Justice (with Nadya Nedelsky, 2013).
Stanisalsotheauthorofmorethanfiftypeer-reviewedarticlespublishedinsuch
venuesasthe EuropeanPoliticalScience Journal, ProblemsofPost-Communism,
CommunistandPost-CommunistPolitics,andEurope-AsiaStudies.
Nadya Nedelsky is Associate Professor of International Studies at Macalester
College. She is the author of Defining the Sovereign Community: National
Identity, Individual Rights, and Minority Membership in the Czech and Slovak
Republics (2009) and the coeditor of the three-volume Encyclopedia of
TransitionalJustice(withLaviniaStan,2013).Sheisauthorofthenationalreport
ontheCzechandSlovakrepublicstitledHowtheMemoryofCrimesCommittedby
TotalitarianRegimesinEuropeIsDealtwithintheMemberStatescommissioned
by the European Commission Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and
Securityin2009aswellasarticlesandbookchaptersontransitionaljustice.
Post-Communist Transitional Justice
lessons from twenty-five years of
experience
edited by
LAVINIA STAN
St.FrancisXavierUniversity,Canada
NADYA NEDELSKY
MacalesterCollege
32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa
CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge.
ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof
education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence.
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107065567
#CambridgeUniversityPress2015
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2015
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
isbn978-1-107-06556-7Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof
urlsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain,
accurateorappropriate.
Contents
ListofFigures,Tables,andPhotos pagevii
ListofContributors ix
Foreword xiii
ConstantinGoschler
Introduction:Post-CommunistTransitionalJusticeat25 1
NadyaNedelskyandLaviniaStan
part i determinants of transitional justice
1 TransitionalJusticeandPoliticalGoods 7
BrianGrodsky
2 TransitionalJusticeasElectoralPolitics 30
RobertCleggAustin
3 ExplainingLateLustrationPrograms:Lessonsfromthe
PolishCase 51
AleksSzczerbiak
part ii the impact of transitional justice
4 TheAdoptionandImpactofTransitionalJustice 73
MoiraLynchandBridgetMarchesi
5 TransitionalJusticeEffectsintheCzechRepublic 97
RomanDavid
part iii key challenges
6 TheTimingofTransitionalJusticeMeasures 123
CynthiaM.Horne
v
vi Contents
7 148
TheChallengeofCompetingPasts
MonicaCiobanu
8 BeyondtheNational:PathwaysofDiffusion 167
HelgaA.Welsh
9 TheMythologizingofCommunistViolence 188
JelenaSubotic
part iv history, justice, and public memory
10 Post-CommunistTruthCommissions:Between
TransitionalJusticeandthePoliticsofHistory 213
AndrewH.Beattie
11 PublicMemory,Commemoration,andTransitional
Justice:ReconfiguringthePastinPublicSpace 233
DuncanLightandCraigYoung
12 StoriesWeTell:DocumentaryTheatre,Performance,and
JusticeinTransition 252
OliveraSimic´
13 VigilanteJusticeandUnofficialTruthProjects 276
LaviniaStan
Conclusion 296
NadyaNedelsky
Bibliography 301
Index 333
Figures, Tables, and Photos
figures
4.1 VettingPolicies–IncludesTransitionalYearsOnly page81
4.2 PredictedProbabilitybyResponseLevelofCIRI-EP 85
4.3 CumulativeExtensivenessIndexScore 89
5.1 ThePerceptionoftheObjectivesofTransitionalJusticeinthe
CzechRepublic 108
5.2 PopularAssessmentofTransitionalJusticeMeasuresintheCzech
Republic 109
5.3 TheOpinionMapoftheEfficiencyofTransitionalJustice
Measures 111
6.1 TheRelationshipbetweentheTimingofReformsandTrustin
Government 137
6.2 DemocratizationandtheTimingofReforms 140
Appendix1 DataSourcesandTransformations 143
8.1 Agents,DiffusionPathways,andEffects 169
tables
5.1 PopularAssessmentofTransitionalJusticeMeasuresintheCzech
Republic 108
5.2 OLSLinearRegressionAnalysesofJusticeandReconciliation 110
6.1 TimingofFirstLustrationLaws 128
6.2 TheTimingofReforms:LustrationWaves 130
6.3 LustrationandTransitionalJusticeMeasuresandTrustin
Government 135
6.4 TimingofLustrationandDemocracy(1997–2012;10countries) 139
vii
viii List of Figures, Tables, and Photos
photos
12.1 HeartefactFundandBelgrade’sBitefTheater,OriginalScenefrom
Hypermnesia 259
12.2 HeartefactFundandBelgrade’sBitefTheater,OriginalScenefrom
Hypermnesia 260
12.3 HeartefactFundandBelgrade’sBitefTheater,OriginalScenefrom
Hypermnesia 261
12.4 DahTheatre,OriginalScenefromPresenceofAbsence 263
12.5 DahTheatre,OriginalScenefromPresenceofAbsence 265
12.6 DahTheatre,OriginalScenefromPresenceofAbsence 266
12.7 MostarskiTeatarMladih,OriginalScenefromSevenBreaths 268
12.8 MostarskiTeatarMladih,OriginalScenefromSevenBreaths 269
12.9 MostarskiTeatarMladih,OriginalScenefromSevenBreaths 270
Contributors
Robert Clegg Austin – Professor at the Munk School of Global Affairs,
University of Toronto, Canada. His research interests are situated at the
intersection of history and politics of Eastern Europe, state building, and
transitional justice, with a focus on Albania. His book on Albania’s interwar
experience,FoundingaBalkanState,waspublishedinOctober2012.Hehas
alsopublishedextensivelyontransitionaljusticeinpost-communistAlbania.
AndrewH.Beattie–SeniorLecturerinGermanandEuropeanStudiesatthe
UniversityofNewSouthWalesinAustralia.Hisresearchexploresthewaysin
whichGermanshavedealtwiththelegaciesofEastGermancommunismand
Nazism, whether in memorials, museums, historiography, or transitional jus-
tice. His PhD thesis, awarded the Jean Monnet Thesis Prize by the
ContemporaryEuropeResearchCentre,Melbourne(2005),waspublishedas
PlayingPoliticswithHistory:TheBundestagInquiriesintoEastGermany(2008).
MonicaCiobanu–AssociateProfessorofSociology,StateUniversityofNew
YorkatPlattsburgh.Herresearchfocusesondemocratization,memory,truth,
andjusticeinpost-communism,withafocusonRomania.Herworkonpost-
communisttransitionaljusticeincludesnumerousbookchaptersandarticles
inpeer-reviewedjournals.
RomanDavid–LecturerinPoliticalScience,NewcastleUniversity,England.
He has published extensively on lustration, rehabilitation, and transitional
justice in Eastern Europe and Iraq. His Lustration and Transitional Justice:
PersonnelSystemsintheCzechRepublic,Hungary,andPoland(2012)wonthe
AwardforConceptAnalysisfromtheInternationalPoliticalScienceAssociation.
Constantin Goschler – Professor of Modern History at Ruhr-University
Bochum, Germany. His research interests focus on the politics of memory
ix
