Polysaccharide building blocks : a sustainable approach to renewable materials

328 Pages·2012·6.517 MB·English

by  Youssef Habibi, Lucian A Lucia, Wiley InterScience (Online service)

Editedby
JinHuang,PeterR.Chang,NingLin,and
AlainDufresne
Polysaccharide-BasedNanocrystals
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EditedbyJinHuang,PeterR.Chang,NingLin,and
AlainDufresne
Polysaccharide-Based Nanocrystals
ChemistryandApplications
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VII
Contents
ListofContributors XIII
Foreword XV
Preface XVII
1 PolysaccharideNanocrystals:CurrentStatusandProspectsinMaterial
Science 1
JinHuang,PeterR.Chang,andAlainDufresne
1.1 IntroductiontoPolysaccharideNanocrystals 1
1.2 CurrentApplicationofPolysaccharideNanocrystalsinMaterial
Science 3
1.3 ProspectsforPolysaccharideNanocrystal-BasedMaterials 8
ListofAbbreviations 9
References 9
2 StructureandPropertiesofPolysaccharideNanocrystals 15
FeiHu,ShiyuFu,JinHuang,DebbieP.Anderson,andPeterR.Chang
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 CelluloseNanocrystals 16
2.2.1 PreparationofCelluloseNanocrystals 16
2.2.1.1 AcidHydrolysisExtractionofCelluloseNanocrystals 16
2.2.1.2 EffectsofAcidType 19
2.2.1.3 EffectsofPretreatment 24
2.2.2 StructureandPropertiesofCelluloseNanocrystals 26
2.2.2.1 StructureandRigidityofCelluloseNanocrystals 26
2.2.2.2 PhysicalPropertiesofCelluloseNanocrystals 32
2.3 ChitinNanocrystals 41
2.3.1 PreparationofChitinNanocrystals 41
2.3.1.1 ExtractionofChitinNanocrystalsbyAcidHydrolysis 41
2.3.1.2 ExtractionofChitinNanocrystalsbyTEMPOOxidation 42
2.3.2 StructureandPropertiesofChitinNanocrystals 43
2.3.2.1 StructureandRigidityofChitinNanocrystals 43
2.3.2.2 PropertiesofChitinNanocrystalSuspensions 45
2.4 StarchNanocrystals 47
VIII Contents
2.4.1 PreparationofStarchNanocrystals 47
2.4.1.1 ExtractionofStarchNanocrystalsbyAcidHydrolysis 47
2.4.1.2 EffectofUltrasonicTreatment 49
2.4.1.3 EffectofPretreatment 50
2.4.2 StructureandPropertiesofStarchNanocrystals 50
2.4.2.1 StructureofStarchNanocrystals 50
2.4.2.2 PropertiesofStarchNanocrystalSuspensions 51
2.5 ConclusionandProspects 52
ListofAbbreviations 53
References 54
3 SurfaceModificationofPolysaccharideNanocrystals 63
NingLinandAlainDufresne
3.1 Introduction 63
3.2 SurfaceChemistryofPolysaccharideNanocrystals 63
3.2.1 SurfaceHydroxylGroups 63
3.2.2 SurfaceGroupsOriginatingfromVariousExtractionMethods 65
3.3 ApproachesandStrategiesforSurfaceModification 66
3.3.1 PurposeandChallengeofSurfaceModification 66
3.3.2 ComparisonofDifferentApproachesandStrategiesofSurface
Modification 67
3.4 AdsorptionofSurfactant 70
3.4.1 AnionicSurfactant 70
3.4.2 CationicSurfactant 71
3.4.3 NonionicSurfactant 71
3.5 HydrophobicGroupsResultingfromChemicalDerivatization 72
3.5.1 AcetylandEsterGroupswithAcetylationandEsterification 72
3.5.2 CarboxylGroupsResultingfromTEMPO-MediatedOxidation 77
3.5.3 DerivatizationwithIsocyanateCarboamination 79
3.5.4 SilylGroupsResultingfromSilylation 79
3.5.5 CationicGroupsResultingfromCationization 81
3.6 PolymericChainsfromPhysicalAbsorptionorChemical
Grafting 81
3.6.1 HydrophilicPolymer 82
3.6.2 Polyester 83
3.6.3 Polyolefin 85
3.6.4 BlockCopolymer 90
3.6.5 PolyurethaneandWaterbornePolyurethane 91
3.6.6 OtherHydrophobicPolymer 92
3.7 AdvancedFunctionalGroupsandModification 92
3.7.1 FluorescentandDyeMolecules 94
3.7.2 AminoAcidandDNA 95
3.7.3 Self-Cross-linkingofPolysaccharideNanocrystals 95
3.7.4 PhotobactericidalPorphyrinMolecule 96
3.7.5 ImidazoliumMolecule 97