Polymer-Silica Based Composites in Sustainable Construction: Theory, Preparation and Characterizations

125 Pages·2021·10.464 MB·English

by  Harrison Shagwira, Fredrick Madaraka Mwema, Thomas Ochuku Mbuya

Polymer-Silica Based
Composites in Sustainable
Construction

Polymer-Silica Based
Composites in Sustainable
Construction
Theory, Preparation and
Characterizations
Harrison Shagwira
Fredrick Madaraka Mwema
Thomas Ochuku Mbuya
First edition published 2022
by CRC Press
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© 2022 Harrison Shagwira, Fredrick Madaraka Mwema and Thomas Ochuku Mbuya
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN: 978-1-032-14011-7 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-14012-4 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-23193-6 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003231936
Typeset in Times
by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
To my parents, John and Martha Shagwira; you have been such an
inspiration in my life. Thanks for your love and support.
Harrison Shagwira
I dedicate this book to the loving memory of my dad and elder sister,
sleep on well. To my wife, Mwihaki, and twin sons, Mwema and Nyika,
thanks for love and support.
Fredrick M Mwema

Contents
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Author Biographies xvii
1 Introduction to Composite Materials for Green
Construction Industry 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Composites: Materials for Eco-friendly Construction 3
1.2.1 Introduction 3
1.2.2 How Construction Polymer Composites Differ
from the Traditional Construction Materials 3
1.2.3 Repair and Rehabilitation of Polymer Composites
Structures 4
1.2.4 Potential Application of Composites Repair and
Rehabilitation Systems 6
1.2.5 Codes and Standards in Pertaining Construction
Materials 7
1.3 Classification of Polymers Composite Materials Used in
Construction 8
1.3.1 Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites 8
1.3.2 Particle-Reinforced Polymer Composites 10
1.4 Application of Polymer Composites in Construction 10
1.4.1 Roofing Tiles 10
1.4.2 Surface Applications 11
1.4.3 Construction of Structures and Members 11
1.5 Summary 13
References 13
2 Processing, Testing, and Failure Modes in Polymer
Materials 15
2.1 Processing and Bonding Methods of Thermoplastic
Composites 15
2.1.1 Filament Winding 17
2.1.2 Compression Moulding 17
vii
viii Contents
2.1.3 Hand Lay-Up Manufacturing 18
2.1.4 Electron Beam Processing of Polymers 19
2.1.5 Pultrusion Processing 19
2.2 Testing Polymer Composites Used in Construction 20
2.2.1 Visual Inspection and Microstructural Analysis 20
2.2.2 Physical Tests 21
2.2.3 Mechanical Tests 21
2.2.4 Chemical Analysis 22
2.3 Failure in Polymer Composites Used in Construction 23
2.4. Summary 24
References 24
3 Life Cycle Analysis of Plastic 27
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 The Concept of Life Cycle Analysis 28
3.3 Purpose of LCA 28
3.3.1 Goal 28
3.3.2 Scope of the Study 28
3.3.3 Inventory Analysis 29
3.4 LCA in Waste Management 29
3.5 Determination of Environmental Credit 30
3.6 Recycling of Polymers 32
3.7 Applications of Physically Reprocessed Polymer Products 33
3.8 Summary 34
References 34
4 Plastic and Silica Waste 39
4.1 Introduction 39
4.2 Plastic Pollution and Recycling 40
4.3 Quarry Extraction Pollution 45
4.4 State-of-the-Art Review of Plastic Waste Utilization in
Construction 47
4.5 Summary 54
References 54
5 Preparation and Characterization of Silicon-Based Plastic
Composite 59
5.1 Introduction 59
5.2 Materials 59
5.3 Sample Preparation 60
5.4 Characterizations 61
5.4.1 Charpy Impact Test 61
Contents ix
5.4.2 Optical Microscopy 62
5.4.3 Water Absorption Test 62
5.4.4 Flammability Test/Limiting Oxygen Index 62
5.4.5 Thermal Analysis 63
5.4.6 Scanning Electronic Microscopy 64
5.4.7 Shore D Hardness Test 64
5.4.8 Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy 65
5.5 Characterization Results 65
5.5.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical
Microscopy Analysis 65
5.5.1.1 Pure Quarry Dust 65
5.5.1.2 High-Density Polyethylene 68
5.5.1.3 Polypropylene 69
5.5.2 Charpy Impact Strength Test on Quarry Dust–
Plastic Composite 70
5.5.3 Water Absorption Test 73
5.5.4 Flammability Test (Limited Oxygen Index) 78
5.5.5 Thermal Analysis 80
5.5.6 Fourier Transformed Infrared Characterization 83
5.5.7 Shore D Hardness Test 86
5.6 Summary 87
References 88
6 Future Outlook 93
6.1 Introduction 93
6.2 Composites and Industry 4.0 in Construction Industry 93
6.3 Emerging Composite Materials 97
6.4 Summary 100
References 100
Index 103