Polymer composites for energy harvesting, conversion, and storage

220 Pages·2014·17.271 MB·English

by  Lan Li, (Materials scientist), W Wong-Ng, J Sharp

Editor’s Biographies
Lan Li
LanLi,Ph.D.,isanassistantprofessorofMaterialsScienceandEngineering
atBoiseStateUniversityinIdaho. Dr. LifinishedherdoctorateinNanomaterials
org at the University of Cambridge in the U.K. in 2006, followed by working at the
cs. Bio-NanoElectronicResearchCenterofToyoUniversityinJapan. Sheconducted
a
14 | http://pubs.4-1161.ot001 FKdheeleovrnrertiledoSsapteaamatnreecd,nhsCthaeoesnfwtaecoroprmofkoseprtd-uMdtioanatcticeoaornsilaalsalolsbcmoIianraatfteoteirroaimntalatwshtieircteshPsoehnfayarKtsciiohcensncatDolSdletaeapbstaesratUamnndnedinvtuhteneroisvfittreUyarnsniisnitfvioOeesrrhmsoiioanty.titAohoneft
01 of these research codes into modules suitable for effective use in undergraduate
20
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n J10 energy and sustainability. In late 2012, she joined the Department of Materials
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AN7, 2 sheleadstheMaterialsTheoryandModelingGroupatBoiseState.
N y Dr. Li was awarded a senior fellowship by the American Recovery and
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UNIV ation ComputationalMaterialsEngineeringCommittee.
by blic
ded Pu Jeffrey Sharp
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w Jeffrey Sharp, Ph.D., joined Marlow in 1995 as a Member of the Technical
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MaterialsResearchandDevelopmentDepartment. Dr. Sharp’sdegreesareaB.S.
inphysics(1986)fromtheUniversityofCentralArkansasandaPh.D.inphysics
(1992) from the University of Tennessee. Immediately prior to joining Marlow,
he was a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow working at NIST in
Gaithersburg, Maryland. At Marlow, Dr. Sharp has guided the conception,
development and scale-to-production of Marlow’s proprietary MAM/MAM+
bismuth telluride alloys, which have been in production since 2001. Recently,
Dr. SharpledaneffortthatcreatedalowercostversionoftheMAMprocessto
supportnewbusinessopportunities. Heandhisteamarealsoworkingtoimprove
bismuth telluride alloys produced by the Bridgman process. In addition, Dr.
©2014AmericanChemicalSociety
In Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage; Li, L., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.
Sharp’s team pursues new thermoelectric materials with higher performance for
both cooling and power generation, including a current effort to commercialize
skutterudite alloys for power generation. Dr. Sharp’s other responsibilities
include peer review activities, intellectual property assessment, and technology
strategy/roadmapdevelopment.
Winnie Wong-Ng
WinnieWong-NgreceivedaB.Sc. degreeinChemistry(minorinPhysics)
g fromtheChineseUniversityofHongKong,aPh.D.degreeinInorganicChemistry
or from Louisiana State University, followed by post-doctoral and research
s.
c
a associate/lecturer appointments in the Chemistry Department of University of
s.
14 | http://pub4-1161.ot001 TDc(IhoCievrDomisnDiitsoo)tn,aiCnsoafa1nc9Nar8diat8atii,c.oawAnlahrfleteevrIreinewswstohitresukcthiieneagnsotffibsoeStreattannhndeedmcIanrrpydtelssortanyalaenltoddigosrnTiaaneplccheChenert,ohnsletohrnege.yfjooH(rinNeDreIdiSmffTthra)aiencaCtsiroeernasaemDsatraiacctfhasf
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R o10. of oxide materials. Currently she is the leader of the project “Measurements,
ARBO4 | doi: SantadndSaursdtsa,inanabdlDeaDtaefvoerloEpnmeregnytCGornovueprsioofntMheateMriaatlesr”iainlsthMeMeaasuterreimalesnfotrSEcnieenrgcye
NN 201 Division. ShealsoworksontheCO2Mitigationproject.
A7, She is a fellow of three scientific organizations: the American
N y
Aul Crystallographic Association, the American Ceramic Society, and ICDD. She
HIGb): J received two Bronze Medals from the United States Department of Commerce
OF MICDate (We f(r2o0m02IaCnDdD20f0o8r)hfeorrchoenrtrsiubpuetirocnosndtuoctthiveitPyorwesdeearrcDhi,ffthraect2i0o0n4FMilec,MaunrdditeheA2w0a0r7d
V n Spriggs Phase Equilibria Award from the American Ceramic Society. She has
UNIatio morethan300publicationsandhasgivenmorethan250presentationsincluding
by blic 60 invited talks. She is also a co-organizer of about 40 symposia/workshops at
ed Pu variousscientificmeetings,
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nl
w international report editor of Powder Diffraction. She was on the Board of
o
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of the Applied Superconductivity Conference (2006-2012). She was the past
chairoftheElectronicsDivisionoftheAmericanCeramicSociety(2005-2006),
the past chair of Ceramics Subcommittee of ICDD (1994-2000), and the local
chair of the 1998 American Crystallographic Association annual meeting in
Arlington,VA.ShehasservedasSecretary/treasurerofU.S.NationalCommittee
for Crystallography (USNCCr, 2000-2003), past president of NIST Association
of Asian Pacific Americans (2000-2003), guest editor of a special issue of J.
Research of NIST (2001), and guest co-editor of a special issue of J. American
CeramicSociety(2007-2008).
214
In Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage; Li, L., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.
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In Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage; Li, L., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.
1161
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
Polymer Composites for
Energy Harvesting,
Conversion, and Storage
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AmericanChemicalSociety,Washington,DC
DistributedinprintbyOxfordUniversityPress
In Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage; Li, L., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Polymercompositesforenergyharvesting,conversion,andstorage/LanLi,editor,
g
or BoiseStateUniversity,Boise,Idaho,WinnieWong-Ng,editor,NationalInstituteof
cs. StandardsandTechnology,Gaithersburg,Maryland,JeffSharp,editor,MarlowIndustries,
a
s. Dallas,Texas;sponsoredbytheACSDivisionofPolymerChemistry,Inc.,American
b1
pu00 ChemicalSociety,Washington,DC.
http://61.fw Incpluadgeessbcimbl.io--gr(aApChiScaslyrmefpeoresinucmessaenridesin;d1e1x6.1)
15, 2014 | k-2014-11 2I.I.SLPBi,oNLlya9mn7e(8rM-s0-a--t8Ee4lre1iac2lt-sr2ics9c3pie6ron-5pties(rtpt)ieeIrIsm..Wa3n.oenPngot-lpNyamgp,eerWr)ic.1c(.WomEinnpneoirsegi)tyeIshI-Ia-.rESvlheesactrtiprni,cgJ-p.-Mr(oJepafteferrrteiiyaels)s,..1964-
n July 1021/b T62K12.084927-.-Pd6c5232014
R o10. 2014019004
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HIb): ANSIZ39.48n1984.
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PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA
In Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage; Li, L., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.
Foreword
The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to provide a
mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of
g the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books developed from the ACS
or
s. sponsoredsymposiabasedoncurrentscientificresearch. Occasionally,booksare
c
s.a developed from symposia sponsored by other organizations when the topic is of
b1
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http://61.fw Beforeagreeingtopublishabook,theproposedtableofcontentsisreviewed
n July 15, 2014 | 1021/bk-2014-11 cfapoodarmdpaeeppdrsrp.ermDhoeparnayrsifatibsvteeeoenafxneccsdhslcua.opdmteWedrpshtroeeahnrbeeeanptpsteeipevrrreof-oprcecorviuvaiseteertwa,hgeeodevbapeonrrovdikoif;erowotrotihnofietrnresarienlmstartacotycodebutphectetaaonadrcuydedecidoehrntaorcpeetpj.eerrScostoviomiadrneee,
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In Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage; Li, L., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.
Preface
The 245th American Chemical Society (ACS) Meeting and Exposition
was held in the Morial Convention Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, on April
g 7–11, 2013. The ACS’s meeting core theme was The Chemistry of Energy
or
s. and Food. This proceedings volume contains articles that were presented at the
c
s.a symposium on Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting, Conversion and
014 | http://pub14-1161.pr001 coeSonftomvprioaprogloynesmm.iteeeTsrn.htceaolm,sTyahpmneodpsisohtyesemiaurlepmtshoeshaiisurascsmuhebstrhooiaunasgvdhoadtllrvsetoesodsgpetirhntohevethsirdeceeiepxdnrpoteaidrfitucsfco,tfrieruoonmnmgianfnteohdereruidrnseiegfsf,eoeaefrrcecponhonteloyarmsrmeiatecosr,
20
uly 15, 21/bk-2 icnotmropdouscietetshaenhdigtehc-hpneriqfouremsafnocree,nleorwgy-caopspt,liacnadtioennsviirnotnomtheentmalalyrkfertipelnadcley.polymer
n J10 Based on the symposium content, we invited the speakers to turn their
R o10. symposiumpresentationsandresearchworkinto9chaptersforthisproceedings
BOoi: volume. The volume explores polymer composites in terms of their chemical
AR4 | d synthesis,characterization,andapplicationsintheenergyfield,fromphotovoltaics
NN 201 tofuelcells,fromthermoelectricstoenergyharvestingandstorage. Thearticles
N Ay 7, include state-of-art synthesis, characterization, and measurement techniques
HIGAb): Jul ianpvpolilevdedtoinpotlhyemeprroccoemsspinogsiteosf. poSluycmhemr ectohmodpsosaidtedsr,esssuecdhthaesksetyruccthuarlallenagneds
UNIV OF MICation Date (We tiamhdteeotnrhapterihtfiiomccllaoeetgseioiticinnnagloth.fceopTnpotrhtroeiosncle,tiveiaondlltiucenarmgfnsaedcviecdooalcunthemtaasreiafnocisstredudripiefzdfsaeaitrrtieeeodnsnt,ptfoperrrofeomoxpriemtsrhttiaaynntgocoepfp,ttoihemlteyciimz.raepTtrirhoecensoe,onmartndapdteoirostihnoteesf
by blic publications with the newest research work in energy applications, as well as
ded Pu reviews that present new evaluation and analyses of published research. In
a
nlo summary, all the articles in the proceedings volume reveal the latest research
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o on polymer composites, and are available source material for researchers and
D
managersworkinginthisfield.
Thesuccessofthesymposiumandthepublicationoftheproceedingscould
not have been possible without the effort and support of the ACS and other
organizers of the program. We acknowledge Mr. Tim Marney, Ms. Aimee
Greene, and Ms. Arlene Furman for their involvement in editing and producing
thisbook. Specialthanksareduetothespeakers,authors,manuscriptreviewers,
andACSprogramcoordinatorsandofficialsfortheircontributions.
ix
In Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage; Li, L., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.
Lan Li, Ph.D.
DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering
BoiseStateUniversity
1910UniversityDrive
Boise, ID83725-2090
[email protected](e-mail)
WinnieWong-Ng, Ph.D.
MaterialsforEnergyandSustainableDevelopmentGroup
g
or MaterialsMeasurementScienceDivision
s.
ac NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)
s.
http://pub61.pr001 G10a0ithBeurrsebauurgD,rMivDe,2S0to8p998520
14 | 4-11
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20 JeffW.Sharp, Ph.D.
uly 15, 21/bk-2 MMaatreloriwalsInRdeussetrairecsh,Ianncd.DevelopmentDepartment
R on J10.10 10451VistaParkRoad
BOoi: Dallas, Texas75238
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In Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage; Li, L., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.
Chapter 1
Advances in Piezoelectric Polymer Composites
for Vibrational Energy Harvesting
g
or Cary Baur,*,1 Daniel J. Apo,2 Deepam Maurya,2 Shashank Priya,2
s.
ac and Walter Voit3
s.
http://pub61.ch001 1IDnsetpitaurttem, eTnhteoUfnCihveermsiitsytroy,faTnedxaTshaetADlaalnlasG,.8M00aWcD.iCarammipdbNelalnRooteacdh,
14 | 4-11 Richardson,Texas75080,U.S.A.
01
20 2Bio-inspiredMaterialsandDevicesLaboratory(BMDL),CenterforEnergy
15, k-2 HarvestingMaterialsandSystems(CEHMS),VirginiaPolytechnicInstitute
R on July 10.1021/b and3SDteaptearUtmnievnetrsoitfyM,3a1t0erDiaulrshSacmienHcaella,nBdlaEcknsgbinueregr,iVngir,gDineipaa2r4tm06e1n,tUo.fS.A.
BOoi: MechanicalEngineering,DepartmentofBioengineering,andTheAlanG.
AR4 | d MacDiarmidNanotechInstitute,TheUniversityofTexasatDallas,
N 01 800W.CampbellRoad,Richardson,Texas75080,U.S.A.
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N Ay 7, *E-mail: [email protected].
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OF MIate (W This chapter provides an overview of piezoelectric vibrational
UNIV ation D ecnoemrgpyoshitaersvefsotirnghaarnvdesotuintlgineasppsilgicnaitfiiocanns.tadvTahnecepsiienzopeolleycmtreicr
d by ublic panhdenoemxpelnaoinnedis. desScerivbeerdalanpdrormelienveanntt teyqpueastioonfs aprieezporeolvecidtreidc
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oa materials are discussed, followed by a description of the
wnl advances made through the combination of polymers and
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description detailing how to significantly increase the
piezoelectricity of poly(vinylidene difluoride) through the
incorporation of carbon nanomaterials such as single-walled
nanotubes(SWNTs)andBuckminsterfullerenes(C )isgiven,
60
followedbythedescriptionofanew,lead-freeceramicmaterial
that is a promising candidate for use in non-toxic polymer
composites. Finally,acomprehensivedescriptionofthedesign
andmodelingofpiezoelectricpolymercompositebimorphsfor
vibrationalenergyharvestingisprovided.
©2014AmericanChemicalSociety
In Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage; Li, L., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.