Table Of ContentPolyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Based Blends, Composites and
Nanocomposites
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RSC Green Chemistry
Editor-in-Chief:
Professor James Clark, Department of Chemistry, University of York, UK
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31 Professor George A Kraus, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University,
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78 Professor dr. ir. Andrzej Stankiewicz, Delft University of Technology,
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78 The Netherlands
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9/ Professor Peter Siedl, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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1 Professor Yuan Kou, Peking University, China
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g | d Titles in the Series:
or 1: The Future of Glycerol: New Uses of a Versatile Raw Material
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s.rs 2: Alternative Solvents for Green Chemistry
ub 3: Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Fine Chemicals
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htt 5: Chemical Reactions and Processes under Flow Conditions
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o 6: Radical Reactions in Aqueous Media
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01 7: Aqueous Microwave Chemistry
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er 8: The Future of Glycerol: 2nd Edition
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he 12: A Handbook of Applied Biopolymer Technology: Synthesis, Degradation
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14: Advanced Oil Crop Biorefineries
15: Enantioselective Homogeneous Supported Catalysis
16: Natural Polymers Volume 1: Composites
17: Natural Polymers Volume 2: Nanocomposites
18: Integrated Forest Biorefineries
19: Sustainable Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles: Methods and
Applications
20: Alternative Solvents for Green Chemistry: 2nd Edition
21: Natural Product Extraction: Principles and Applications
22: Element Recovery and Sustainability
23: Green Materials for Sustainable Water Remediation and Treatment
24: The Economic Utilisation of Food Co-Products
25:BiomassforSustainableApplications:PollutionRemediationandEnergy
26: From C-H to C-C Bonds: Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling
27: Renewable Resources for Biorefineries
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28: Transition Metal Catalysis in Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation
29: Green Materials from Plant Oils
30: Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Based Blends, Composites and
Nanocomposites
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Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
Based Blends, Composites and
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0 Nanocomposites
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d University of Westminster, London, UK
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ub Visakh P M
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s.rs RSCGreenChemistryNo.30
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htt PDFeISBN:978-1-78262-231-4
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31 Preface
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oi: Thisbookon‘‘Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs)-basedBlends,Compositesand
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g | Nanocomposites’’ summarizes many of the recent research accomplish-
or ments in the area of polyhydroxyalkanoates such as state-of-the-art poly-
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s.rs hydroxyalkanoates, their blends, composites and nanocomposites, the
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u stateoftheart,newchallenges,opportunitiesforpolyhydroxyalkanoatesand
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p:// their structure, properties and sources, recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoates,
htt blends of polyhydroxyalkanoates, nanocomposites of polyhydroxyalk-
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4 o anoates, polyhydroxyalkanoates-based multiphase materials, modification
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er current applications and future prospects of polyhydroxyalkanoates. As
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06:33. Decem thhyedrotixtylealkinandoicaatteess,antdhethebiorobklenemdsp,hcaosmizpeossittheseavnadrinouansocaospmepctossitoefs.pTohliys-
11:02 book is intended to serve as a ‘‘one stop’’ reference resource for important
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o research accomplishments in this area. This book will be a very valuable
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he reference source for university and college faculties, professionals, post-
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bli doctoral research fellows, senior graduate students, researchers from R&D
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laboratoriesworkingintheareaofpolyhydroxyalkanoatesandtheirblends,
composites and nanocomposites. The various chapters in this book are
contributed by prominent researchers from industry, academia and
government/private research laboratories across the globe. It covers an
up-to-date record of the major findings and observations in the field of
polyhydroxyalkanoates and their blends, composites and nanocomposites.
The first chapter on polyhydroxyalkanoates and their blends, composites
and nanocomposites covers the state of the art, new challenges, and
opportunities for polyhydroxyalkanoates based studies and research. The
second chapter provides an overview of polyhydroxyalkanoates: their struc-
ture, properties and sources. The third chapter concentrates mainly on the
recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoates. The chapter’s authors discuss the
RSCGreenChemistryNo.30
Polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA)BasedBlends,CompositesandNanocomposites
EditedbyIpsitaRoyandVisakhPM
rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2015
PublishedbytheRoyalSocietyofChemistry,www.rsc.org
vii
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viii Preface
different recovery methods,suchaschemicalmethods,biologicalmethods,
mechanicalmethods,physicalmethods,combinedmethodsandothers.The
authors also discuss the characterization of recovered polyhydroxyalk-
anoates. They also discuss the following sub-topics: solvent extraction,
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0 chemicaldigestion,enzymaticdigestion,beadmill,ultrasonication,osmotic
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1 A survey on polyhydroxyalkanoate blends is presented in the fourth
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8 cations of polyhydroxyalkanoate blends. Different types of blends, such as
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8 PHAs/PLAblendsPHAs/PCLblends,PHAs/cellulosederivatives,PHAs/starch
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9/ derivativesandPHAs/chitosan,arediscussed.Thefifthchapterdiscussesthe
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10 nanocomposites of polyhydroxyalkanoates, including the preparation, char-
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doi: basednanocomposites.Thepreparationmethodsdiscussedincludesolution
g | intercalation, melt intercalation and in situ intercalative polymerization.
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c. The sixth chapter deals with polyhydroxyalkanoates-based multiphase
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bs.r materials. The chapter explains many properties such as renewability,
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http://p scuhsetmaiincaabllsetrudcetvuerleospamnedntt,hebciorydsetgarlalidnaebsiltirtuyc,tucroemspoofsptaoblyihliytyd,rocxlyaaslskiafincoataitoens,.
n The authors explain other interesting topics such as PHA-based multiphase
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14 materials, generalities, plasticization, nucleating agents, PHA-based blends,
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er 2 PHA-based multilayers, PHA-based biocomposites, PHA-based nano-
06:33. Decemb bofioPcHomA-pboasseitdesm, patreordiaulcstiaonndaPnHdAs-obmaseedapmpalitcearitaiolsnfso,rthbeioimndeudsictarilaalppprloicdautciotinosn.
1:2 Theseventhchapterdiscussesthemodificationofpolyhydroxyalkanoates.
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n Fromthischapter,wecanseedifferentkindsofmodificationmethodssuch
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ed as chemical modification, physical modification and modification with
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blis enzymes.
Pu ThesectiononthechemicalmodificationofPHAsisdividedintodifferent
topicssuchascarboxylation,hydroxylation,epoxidation,halogenationsand
graft copolymerization. The section on the physical modification of PHAs
is divided into different topics such as PHA blending and coating, PHA
irradiation, ion implantation, plasma treatment, electrospinning. To
conclude, the authors discuss the modification of PHAs with enzymes.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates as packaging materials, current applications and
future prospects are discussed in the eighth chapter. In this chapter, the
authors discuss different topics such as the need for sustainable packaging
materials, biodegradable plastics, factors affecting PHA production, prop-
erties of PHAs for packaging, PHAs for food and industrial packaging and
PHAs for medical packaging.
The ninth chapter is on the packaging applications of
polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). The authors discuss many topics such as
polyhydroxyalkanoates, fundamental bioprocess steps for obtaining PHAs,
degradation PHA uses in food packaging, methods for obtaining plastic
products and examples of applications of bioplastics in food packaging etc.
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Preface ix
Finally, the editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all the
contributors to this book, who provided excellent support to the successful
completionofthisventure.Wearegratefultothemforthecommitmentand
the sincerity they have shown towards their contribution in the book.
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2 thank the publisher—the Royal Society of Chemistry—for recognizing the
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8 demand for such a book, and for realizing the increasing importance of
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8 the area of ‘‘Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)-based Blends, Composites and
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9/ Nanocomposites’’ and for starting this new project.
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