Pollution prevention and abatement handbook, 1998: toward cleaner production, Page 777

1255 Pages·1999·3.06 MB·English

by  World Bank Group

Pollution Prevention and Abatement
title: Handbook, 1998 : Toward Cleaner
Production
author:
publisher: World Bank
isbn10 | asin: 082133638X
print isbn13: 9780821336380
ebook isbn13: 9780585256863
language: English
Factory and trade waste--Management,
subject
Pollution prevention.
publication date: 1999
lcc: TD897.5.P645 1999eb
ddc: 363.73/1
Factory and trade waste--Management,
subject:
Pollution prevention.
Page i
Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook
1998
Toward Cleaner Production
The World Bank Group
in collaboration with the
United Nations Environment
Programme and the United Nations
Industrial Development Organization
Page ii
Copyright © 1999
The International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development/THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing April 1999
This report has been prepared by the staff of the World Bank. The
judgments expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of
Executive Directors or of the governments they represent.
The material in this publication is copyrighted. The World Bank
encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission
promptly.
Permission to photocopy items for internal or personal use, for the internal
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pollution prevention and abatement handbook, 1998 : toward cleaner
production / in collaboration with the United Nations Environment
Programme and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8213-3638-X
1. Factory and trade wasteManagement. 2. Pollution prevention.
I. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. II. United
Nations Environment Programme. III. World Health Organization.
IV. World Bank Group.
TD897.5.P645 1998
363.73'1dc21 98-34574
CIP
The text and the cover are printed on recycled paper, with a flood
aqueous coating on the cover.
Page iii
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments vi
Foreword vii
Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Data Notes ix
I 1
Overview
Pollution Management: Key Policy Lessons 3
II 11
Implementing Policies in Practice
Basic Principles
Indicators of Pollution Management 13
The Environmental Assessment Process 22
Types of Environmental Standards 27
Principles of Waste Avoidance and Utilization 29
Efficient Use of Energy 32
Monitoring Environmental Quality 38
Setting Priorities
Comparative Risk Assessment 45
Economic Analysis of Environmental Externalities 54
The Effects of Pollution on Health: The Economic Toll 63
Public Involvement in Pollution Management 72
Analytical Support for Cost-Effective Pollution Control 78
Air Quality Management
Airshed Models 82
Removal of Lead from Gasoline 91
Urban Air Quality Management 96
Water Quality Management
Water Quality Models 101
Integrated Wastewater Management 108
Optimizing Wastewater Treatment 114
Page iv
Industrial Pollution Management
Developing a Culture of Industrial Environmental 120
Compliance
Environmental Audits in Industrial Projects 125
Environmental Management Systems and ISO 14000 129
Implementing Cleaner Production 136
Management of Hazardous Wastes 144
Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers 151
Financing Environment
Environmental Funds 155
Pollution Charges: Lessons from Implementation 160
Global and Transboundary Issues
Greenhouse Gas Abatement and Climate Change 169
Least-Cost Approaches to Reducing Acid Emissions 175
III 179
Project Guidelines
Principles of Industrial Pollution Management 181
Monitoring 186
Summary of Air Emission and Effluent Discharge 193
Requirements Presented in the Industry Guidelines
Pollutants
Airborne Particulate Matter 201
Arsenic 208
Cadmium 212
Lead 215
Mercury 219
Nitrogen Oxides 223
Ground-Level Ozone 227
Sulfur Oxides 231
Pollutant Control Technologies
Airborne Particulate Matter: Pollution Prevention and 235
Control
Removal of Lead from Gasoline: Technical 240
Considerations
Nitrogen Oxides: Pollution Prevention and Control 245
Ozone-Depleting Substances: Alternatives 250
Sulfur Oxides: Pollution Prevention and Control 258
Industry Sector Guidelines
Aluminum Manufacturing 261
Base Metal and Iron Ore Mining 267
Breweries 272
Cement Manufacturing 275
Chlor-Alkali Plants 279
Coal Mining and Production 282
Coke Manufacturing 286
Copper Smelting 291
Dairy Industry 295
Page v
Dye Manufacturing 298
Electronics Manufacturing 302
Electroplating 307
Foundries 312
Fruit and Vegetable Processing 316
Glass Manufacturing 320
Industrial Estates 324
Iron and Steel Manufacturing 327
Lead and Zinc Smelting 332
Meat Processing and Rendering 337
Mini Steel Mills 341
Mixed Fertilizer Plants 345
Nickel Smelting and Refining 349
Nitrogenous Fertilizer Plants 353
Oil and Gas Development (Onshore) 359
Pesticides Formulation 363
Pesticides Manufacturing 367
Petrochemicals Manufacturing 371
Petroleum Refining 377
Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing 382
Phosphate Fertilizer Plants 387