Table Of ContentLeobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván Editor
Pollution of
Water Bodies in
Latin America
Impact of Contaminants on Species of
Ecological Interest
Pollution of Water Bodies in Latin America
Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
Editor
Pollution of Water Bodies
in Latin America
Impact of Contaminants on Species
of Ecological Interest
Editor
Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
ISBN 978-3-030-27295-1 ISBN 978-3-030-27296-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27296-8
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Preface
The indiscriminate use of chemical substances in industrial processes and anthropo-
genic activities have resulted in the release of these compounds in aquatic ecosys-
tems through municipal, hospital, and industrial discharges, causing various
undesired effects on the environment and on the species of ecological interest.
These compounds such as metals, pesticides, emerging pollutants, and other sub-
stances are persistent and susceptible of biotic and/or abiotic transformations, yield-
ing metabolites that can be more toxic than the original compounds by the ecological
interest species.
One of the problems of rivers, bodies of water, groundwater, and coastal areas of
Latin America is the contamination of them, understanding this as the incorporation
of foreign matter, microorganisms, chemicals, industrial, and other types of waste
into the water or wastewater.
The issue of water pollution is a complex issue to address and of collective inter-
est, especially when water sources, such as rivers, lakes, and aquifers, have worri-
some conditions because they are overexploited, are being contaminated, and are
appropriated by particular interests at a disadvantage for traditional populations
settled in territories of economic interest. In addition, historically, an increase in
water requirements has been identified, in quantity and quality, due to the growth of
the population to carry out human activities and to provide a healthy environment
for all living beings.
In the chapters included in this book are indicated data of different toxicological
findings identified by the presence of contaminants such as metals, pesticides,
hydrocarbons, and emerging microcontaminants, among others, in various organ-
isms of economic and ecological interest including amphipods, amphibians, and
fish in various bodies of water from countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia,
and Mexico.
The authors are well-known researchers from Latin America and make exhaus-
tive reviews and show the findings identified in their investigations related to the
occurrence of pollutants, the toxicity using various biomarkers, as well as some
methodologies for the removal of contaminants. This compilation of research in
v
vi Preface
Latin American countries allows us to have a very specific vision of the specific
water problem of this region of the world.
The authors and I hope that our book complies with the diverse and generalized
expectations and needs for information about the contamination problem in Latin
America.
I thank all the authors in this book for their professional expertise and thorough-
ness in writing up their chapters, the Faculty of Chemistry at the Universidad
Autónoma del Estado de México for the unending support it has shown as my
employing entity, my research group, and my family, most especially to my mother,
Aida Oliván Rebollo, and friends for the enthusiasm and support they have
always shown.
Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
Contents
1 Historical Findings on Presence of Pollutants in Water Bodies
in Latin America and Their Ecotoxicological Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Alejandro Mejía García, Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván,
Hariz Islas- Flores, and Nely San Juan-Reyes
2 Toxicity Produced by an Industrial Effluent from Mexico
on the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Nely San Juan-Reyes, Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván,
Hariz Islas-Flores, Marcela Galar-Martínez, Sandra García-Medina,
and Ricardo Pérez-Pastén Borja
3 Pesticide Contamination in Southern Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Barbara Clasen, Camila Murussi, and Tamiris Storck
4 Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity Induced by Naproxen
in Xenopus laevis, Species of Ecological Interest in Mexico . . . . . . . . 55
Hariz Islas-Flores, Itzayana Pérez-Alvarez,
Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván, and Nely San Juan-Reyes
5 Differential Responses of Biochemical and Behavioral
Parameters in the Native Gastropod Chilina gibbosa
Exposed Subchronically to Environmental Concentrations
of Two Insecticides Used in Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Beverly Boburg, Lucila Thomsett Herbert, Paula Cossi,
and Gisela Kristoff
6 Oxidative Stress Induced by Water from a Hospital Effluent
of the City of Toluca, Mexico, on Hyalella azteca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván, Hariz Islas-Flores,
Nely San Juan-Reyes, Marcela Galar-Martínez,
Sandra García-Medina, and Armando Elizalde-Velázquez
vii
viii Contents
7 Evaluation of the Toxicity of Municipal Effluents
from a Locality in the State of Mexico Using Hyalella azteca
as a Bioindicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Leopoldo Islas-Flores, Karen Adriana Novoa-Luna,
Hariz Islas-Flores, Nely San Juan-Reyes,
and Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
8 Analysis of Heavy Metals Present on Air Through
the Toxicity Analysis in Water by the Gas Washer Method,
Using the Organism Daphnia magna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Tamila Kleine, Therezinha Maria Novais de Oliveira,
and Sandra Helena Westrupp Medeiros
9 Ecotoxicological Studies of Metal Pollution in Sea Turtles
of Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Camila Miguel and Marcelo Renan de Deus Santos
10 Evaluation of the Toxicity of an Industrial Effluent Before
and After a Treatment with Sn-Modified TiO Under UV
2
Irradiation Through Oxidative Stress Biomarkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván, Dora Alicia Solís-Casados,
Hariz Islas- Flores, and Nely San Juan-Reyes
11 Effects of River Pollution on Its Biota: Results from a 20-Year
Study in the Suquía River Basin (Córdoba, Argentina) . . . . . . . . . . . 177
María Valeria Amé, María Laura Ballesteros,
María de los Ángeles Bistoni, Andrea Cecilia Hued,
Magdalena Victoria Monferrán, and Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
12 Effects Induced by the Presence of Metals in Species
of Economic and Ecological Importance in Mexican
Aquatic Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Fernando Alberto Mares Guzmán, Mario Alejandro Muñoz Nájera,
Guadalupe Barrera Escorcia, and Patricia Ramírez Romero
13 Environmental Pollution by Hydrocarbons in Colombia
and Its Impact on the Health of Aquatic Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Yohana M. Velasco-Santamaría, Wilson Corredor-Santamaría,
and Alexander Torres-Tabares
14 Biomonitoring of Diffuse Contamination in the Subtropical
Region of Brazil: Multibiomarker Assessment
in Neotropical Freshwater Fishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Nédia de Castilhos Ghisi and Elton Celton de Oliveira
15 Genotoxicity Biomarkers in Fish Erythrocytes
and Water Quality Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Thaís Dalzochio, Natália Bordin Andriguetti,
Leonardo Airton Ressel Simões, Günther Gehlen,
and Luciano Basso da Silva
Contents ix
16 Health Diagnosis of the Fish Scomberomorus cavalla
from Tecolutla, Ver. México . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Verónica Ramírez-Trejo, Pamela Becerra-Amezcua,
Irma Hernández- Calderas, Patricia Ramírez-Romero,
Alfonso Vázquez-Botello, and Xochitl Guzmán-García
17 Histopathological Assessment of Organisms in Ecotoxicological
Studies from Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Meztli Matadamas-Guzman, Irma Hernández-Calderas,
Juan Carlos Segoviano Ramírez, and Xochitl Guzmán-García
18 Histopathological Analysis of the Intestine from Mugil cephalus
on Environment Reference Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Gabriela Huerta-Aguirre, Kartagena María Paredes-Ramos,
Mayra Pamela Becerra-Amezcua, Irma Hernández-Calderas,
Meztli Matadamas-Guzman, and Xochitl Guzmán-García
19 Impacts Caused by Manganese in the Aquatic Environments
of Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Gabriela Zimmermann Prado Rodrigues, Mateus Santos de Souza,
and Günther Gehlen
20 Genotoxic Effect of Amoxicillin on Peripheral Blood
of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Armando Elizalde-Velázquez, Martínez-Rodríguez Héctor,
Marcela Galar- Martínez, Luis Gerardo Bernadac Villegas,
Octavio Dublán-García, and Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
Final Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Chapter 1
Historical Findings on Presence
of Pollutants in Water Bodies in Latin
America and Their Ecotoxicological
Impact
Alejandro Mejía García, Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván ,
Hariz Islas- Flores, and Nely San Juan-Reyes
1.1 Introduction
In this chapter, we analyzed the historical findings related to pollution in water bod-
ies in Latin America, focusing on the presence and effects caused to the environ-
ment, as well as on the way in which the different work groups address the problem.
We addressed the main pollutants that are present in water bodies such as heavy
metals, pesticides, hydrocarbon compounds, plastics, organic compounds, and oth-
ers, with emphasis on their ecotoxicological impact.
We presented a review of the works carried out in countries such as Mexico,
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia, as well as those carried out in other Latin
American countries.
1.1.1 Contamination of Water Bodies in Mexico
1.1.1.1 Contamination by Heavy Metals and Its Ecotoxicological Impact
There are many studies in which the contamination produced by heavy metals in the
different water bodies of the region is evaluated. These studies are focused on high-
lighting the presence of pollutants as well as evaluating the possible sources of
contamination, and also some studies evaluate their ecotoxicological impact,
because this type of pollution is one of the most frequent. Some of the studies con-
ducted in Mexico with respect to heavy metal contamination are mentioned below
(Gutierrez-Mejia et al. 2016). Among the diverse sources of aquatic contamination,
A. Mejía García (*) · L. M. Gómez-Oliván · H. Islas-Flores · N. San Juan-Reyes
Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del
Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 1
L. M. Gómez-Oliván (ed.), Pollution of Water Bodies in Latin America,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27296-8_1
