Table Of ContentExploring Urban Change in South Asia
Luca Pattaroni
Amita Bhide
Christine Lutringer Editors
Politics
of Urban
Planning
The Making and Unmaking
of the Mumbai Development Plan
2014–2034
Exploring Urban Change in South Asia
SeriesEditor
Marie-HélèneZérah,CentreforSocialSciencesStudiesonAfrica,Americaand
Asia(CESSMA,Paris),FrenchInstituteofResearchforSustainableDevelopment
(IRD),Paris,France,CentreforPolicyResearch,NewDelhi,India
The series incorporates work on urbanisation and urbanism in South Asia from
diverse perspectives, including, but not being limited to, sociology, anthropology,
geography,socialpolicy,urbanplanningandmanagement,economics,politicsand
culturestudies.Itpublishesoriginal,peer-reviewedworkcoveringbothmacroissues
suchaslargerurbanisationprocesses,andeconomicshiftsandqualitativeresearch
workfocusedonmicrostudies(eithercomparativeorethnographicbased).Bothindi-
vidualauthoredandeditedbooksareconsideredwithintheserieswiththepossibility
ofidentifyingemergingtopicsforhandbooks.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/13432
· ·
Luca Pattaroni Amita Bhide Christine Lutringer
Editors
Politics of Urban Planning
The Making and Unmaking of the Mumbai
Development Plan 2014–2034
Editors
LucaPattaroni AmitaBhide
SchoolofArchitecture SchoolofHabitatStudies
LaboratoryofUrbanSociology TataInstituteofSocialSciences
Lausanne,Switzerland Deonar,Mumbai,Maharashtra,India
ChristineLutringer
AlbertHirschmanCentreonDemocracy
GraduateInstituteofInternational
andDevelopmentStudies
Geneva,Switzerland
ISSN2367-0045 ISSN2367-0053 (electronic)
ExploringUrbanChangeinSouthAsia
ISBN978-981-16-8670-2 ISBN978-981-16-8671-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8671-9
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature
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Acknowledgements
Thisbookistheresultofalongandfruitfulcollaborationbetweenitsauthorsandco-
editors.Theircollectiveresearchstartedin2015withthesupportoftheSwissState
SecretariatforEducation,ResearchandInnovation(SERI)thatfundedtheirproject
entitled“Urbanplanningandtheheterogeneouscity:Astudyofthetechnical,social
andpoliticalcontroversiesaroundthe2014–2034MumbaiDevelopmentPlan”.Luca
Pattaroni,AmitaBhideandChristineLutringer,whowereinchargeoftheproject,
wish to thank the SERI for its innovative support through the FLASH Research
Programme, its funding instrument meant to allow researchers to react quickly in
caseofexceptionaleventsbysettingupjointresearchprojectsbetweenpartnersfrom
IndiaandSwitzerland.
On24February2015,thedraftofthe2014–2034DevelopmentPlanforMumbai
(MDP2034)wasreleasedforpublicconsultation.Anunprecedentedpublicoutcry
andadelugeofcomplaints,bothbyexpertsandbycivilsociety,forcedMaharashtra’s
ChiefMinister,on21April,to“scrap”theplanandorderafour-monthoverhauland
screening of all objections. Two major events were de facto interconnected. The
first event was the production of the development plan itself as large metropolises
revisesuchplansonlyafewtimesoveracentury.Indeed,after1967and1991,the
MDP2034isMumbai’sthirddevelopmentplansinceIndia’sIndependence.Itwas
expectedtohaveasignificantimpactonMumbai’spopulation,asitwouldcontribute
tothewaythecitywouldbetransformed.Somemodelsofurbandevelopment,and
arguablyalso,someactorsofthecity,wouldbegivenprominence,attheexpenseof
othersthatmaybe(further)marginalized.Thesecondinterconnectedeventatplay
wasthetemporarywithdrawaloftheMDP2034duetothestrongpubliccriticism–
somethingthathasneverhappenedinthepastinIndia.
Theprojectteaminvestigatedthecomplexandcontestedprocessoftheproduction
ofMumbai’sDevelopmentPlan(DP)andthecontroversiesitinduced.Itconductedits
researchaseventscontinuedtounfoldinthecourseofthemonthsandeventheyears
followingthe“scrap”oftheDevelopmentPlan.SomeoftheIndianteammembers
hadadoubleposition:theyalso(had)participatedindiscussions,consultationsand
mobilizations on the DP and therefore they contributed to the public engagement
with the plan. As a result, we had a unique set of perspectives to build on in our
v
vi Acknowledgements
research,whichwasgroundedinacademicandaction-orientedexperiences.Situated
at the crossroads of sociology, architecture and planning, and political economy,
our collaborative research involved the Laboratory of Urban Sociology (Lasur) at
the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) and the School of
HabitatStudiesatTataInstituteofSocialSciences(TISS).ThethreePh.D.students
who were part of the project team, Tobias Baitsch, Salomé Houllier-Binder and
Richa Bhardwaj, benefited from the generous support of SERI and of their home
institutions(EPFLandTISSrespectively).Whencomposingthebook,wefeltthat
weneededfurtherinsightsaboutaninsiderperspectiveofthemakersoftheDPand
the expansion of scope to include the natural environment. Hence, two invaluable
invitedchapters wereadded tothebook,writtenbyMaliniKrishnankutty,Shweta
WaghandHussainIndorewala.
From 2017 onwards, the project also involved the Albert Hirschman Centre on
Democracy (AHCD) at the Graduate Institute of International and Development
StudiesinGeneva.ThethreeInstituteshostedworkshops,meetingsandconferences
and the book co-editors would like to acknowledge their overall support of their
activities. The first workshop held at EPFL Lausanne in April 2016 allowed us to
examine the ongoing dynamics of planning and counter-planning and to work on
the mapping controversy methodologies. The second workshop hosted by TISS in
November2016initiatedanacademicdebatebutalsoactedasacatalystfordialogue
amongparticipantsfromvariousbackgroundsandexpertise:itenabledustoexplore
and discuss the controversies as they were unfolding with some of its key actors,
especiallyplanners,civilsocietyorganizationsandofficials.TheAHCDconference
on“Reimaginingdemocracyfromandatthemargins”anditspanelon“Democracy
atthemarginsofspace”hostedbytheGraduateInstituteinGenevainOctober2018
providedtheopportunitytoanalyse,inacomparativefashion,theresponsestourban
socio-spatial transformations and the alternative forms of democratic participation
for those living at the margins. Based on our work around the Mumbai DP, we
discussedthechallengestodemocraticengagementinurbangovernanceandurban
planning.
All these discussions among researchers, planners, residents, activists, students
and a variety of stakeholders greatly benefited our collective work geared towards
understanding the issues and processes at play, as well as the responses that they
elicited among Mumbai’s urban communities. We would like to express our deep
gratitudetoallthesewomenandmenwhosharedtheirinsights,livedexperiences,
aspirations for and representations of their city. These exchanges were invaluable.
Theyenrichednotonlyourworkonthisbookbutalsoouroverallunderstandingof
civicandsocialengagementacrossroles,scalesandtemporalities.
Contents
1 Introduction:OnPoliticsofUrbanPlanning ...................... 1
LucaPattaroni,AmitaBhide,andChristineLutringer
2 Mumbai Development Plan 2014–2034: Unfolding
Controversies,ActorsandArenas ................................ 19
TobiasBaitsch,RichaBhardwaj,andSaloméHoullier-Binder
3 Mumbai’s Orphan Plan: How the EDDP 2014–34
wasConceived,CraftedandAbandoned .......................... 55
MaliniKrishnankutty
4 PoliticsofLandUseRegulations ................................. 83
TobiasBaitschandAmitaBhide
5 PoliticsofCategories ........................................... 107
SaloméHoullier-BinderandChristineLutringer
6 PoliticsofParticipationinUrbanPlanning:The“Democratic
Moment”oftheMumbaiDevelopmentPlan2014–2034 ............ 133
RichaBhardwajandLucaPattaroni
7 MetropolitanNature:EnvironmentandPlanninginMumbai ...... 159
ShwetaWaghandHussainIndorewala
8 Postscript: Planning for the Maximum City in the Era
ofPlanetaryUrbanization ....................................... 175
AmitaBhide
vii
Editors and Contributors
AbouttheEditors
Luca Pattaroni holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from EHESS (Paris). He is Maitre
d’EnseignementdeRechercheattheLaboratoryofUrbanSociologyoftheEPFL,
where he leads the research group “Urban (In)hospitalities”. He has been Visiting
Professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and Visiting Scholar at the
University of Columbia. Investigating urban conflicts, counterculture and radical
housing, subaltern migration or yet the impact of social acceleration on everyday
life, his work explore the renewed forms of emancipation and oppression and
morebroadlythecontentiousarticulationbetweentheexpressionofdifferencesand
commoningincontemporarycities.In2009,hewasco-awardedtheAPEROprize
forthebestarticleinurbanplanning.
Amita Bhide is Professor and Dean, School of Habitat Studies, Tata Institute of
SocialSciences.ShehasbeenteachingandresearchingattheInstituteforover20
years.Shehasbeendeeplyinvolvedinissuesofurbanpoverty,livelihoodsandadvo-
cacylinkedtothesameinMumbaiandinothercitiesinIndia.Shehascontributedto
socialmovementsandtovariouscommitteesofthestategovernmentonthesubjects
ofhousingandpoverty.HerrecentworkattheSchoolofHabitatStudieshasbeen
on urban governance reforms, housing and land issues with a focus on small and
mediumtownsandurbanviolence.
Christine Lutringer is Executive Director and Senior Researcher at the Albert
Hirschman Centre on Democracy, Graduate Institute of International and Devel-
opment Studies, Geneva. She is also affiliated with the Universities of Basel and
EdinburghfortheSwissNationalScienceFoundationproject“ReversingtheGaze:
TowardsPost-ComparativeAreaStudies”.Herworkexploresdemocraticpractices
in the context of the mobilization of new social and political actors. In partic-
ular, it examines social movements and their influence on democratic politics and
policy-makingatthelocallevel.
ix
x EditorsandContributors
Contributors
TobiasBaitsch ArchitectureDivision,BernUniversityofAppliedSciences,Bern,
Switzerland;
Laboratoire de Sociologie, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL),
Lausanne,Switzerland
RichaBhardwaj School of Habitat Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences,
Mumbai,India
AmitaBhide SchoolofHabitatStudies,TataInstituteofSocialSciences,Mumbai,
India
SaloméHoullier-Binder LaboratoiredeSociologie,EcolePolytechniqueFederale
deLausanne(EPFL),Lausanne,Switzerland
HussainIndorewala Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture
(KRVIA),Mumbai,India
MaliniKrishnankutty Centre for Urban Science and Engineering (CUSE), IIT
Bombay,Mumbai,India
ChristineLutringer AlbertHirschmanCentreonDemocracy,TheGraduateInsti-
tute,Geneva,Switzerland
LucaPattaroni Laboratoire de Sociologie, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de
Lausanne(EPFL),Lausanne,Switzerland
ShwetaWagh Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture (KRVIA),
Mumbai,India
