Political Communication Cultures in Europe: Attitudes of Political Actors and Journalists in Nine Countries

352 Pages·2014·1.26 MB·English

by  Barbara Pfetsch (eds.)

Political Communication Cultures in Europe
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Political Communication
Cultures in Europe
Attitudes of Political Actors and Journalists
in Nine Countries
Editedby
Barbara Pfetsch
FreieUniverstitatBerlin,Germany
Introduction,selectionandeditorialmatter©BarbaraPfetsch2014
Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2014
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 ISBN 978-0-230-30179-5
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Firstpublished2014by
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Contents
ListofFigures vii
ListofTables viii
Acknowledgments xi
NotesonContributors xiii
1 BlindSpotsintheAnalysisoftheMedia–Politics
RelationshipinEurope 1
BarbaraPfetsch
Part I
2 TheIdeaofPoliticalCommunicationCultures
anditsEmpiricalCorrelates 13
BarbaraPfetsch
3 ContextsoftheMedia–PoliticsRelationship:Country
SelectionandGrouping 31
BarbaraPfetsch,PeterMaurer,EvaMayerhöffer,TomMoring
andStephanieSchwabCammarano
4 MethodsandChallengesofComparativeSurveysof
PoliticalCommunicationElites 57
PeterMaurerandMiikaVähämaa
5 NationalorProfessional?TypesofPolitical
CommunicationCultureacrossEurope 76
BarbaraPfetsch,EvaMayerhöfferandTomMoring
Part II
6 PublicOpinionPollsasanInputFactorofPolitical
Communication 105
EvaMayerhöfferandAleksanderSašoSlaˇcekBrlek
7 DemocraticDemandsontheMedia 126
NicklasHåkanssonandEvaMayerhöffer
v
vi Contents
8 PoliticizedMedia?PartisanshipandCollusioninthe
EuropeanContext 148
AndersEsmark
9 MediaPowerinPolitics 171
GüntherLengauer,PatrickDongesandFritzPlasser
10 MediaLogicsandChangesinNewsReporting 196
PatrickDonges,NicklasHåkanssonandGüntherLengauer
11 PublicAgenda-SettingbetweenMediaLogicand
PoliticalLogic 219
AndersEsmarkandEvaMayerhöffer
12 PoliticalCommunicationRolesInsideOut 246
AndersEsmarkandMarkBlach-Ørsten
13 DistantNorth–ConflictiveSouth:PatternsofInteraction
andConflict 271
StephanieSchwabCammaranoandJuanDíezMedrano
14 EuropeanPoliticalCommunicationCulturesand
Democracy 287
TomMoringandBarbaraPfetsch
References 302
Index 321
Figures
2.1 Modelofthecomparativestudyofpolitical
communicationculture 21
5.1 Researchdesignofthecomparativestudyofpolitical
communicationculture 79
5.2 Systemdimensionofpoliticalcommunicationculture
bycountry 86
5.3 Countryclustersonthesystemdimensionofpolitical
communicationculture 87
5.4 Inputdimensionofpoliticalcommunicationculture:
assessmentofpublicopinionpollsbycountryand
actorgroup 88
5.5 Outputdimensionofpoliticalcommunicationculture
bycountry 89
5.6 Countryclustersintheoutputdimensionofpolitical
communicationculture 90
5.7 Roledimensionofpoliticalcommunicationcultureby
professionalgroup 91
5.8 Roledimensionofpoliticalcommunicationcultureby
country 92
5.9 Countryclustersintheselfdimensionofpolitical
communicationculture 93
5.10 Typesofpoliticalcommunicationculture 95
9.1 Patternsofmediapowerperceptionsinpolitics 176
9.2 PatternsofmediapowerperceptionsinEurope 184
9.3 TelevisionpowerperceptionsinEurope 187
9.4 PresspowerperceptionsinEurope 188
13.1 Frequencyofpersonalcontactsbetweenjournalistsand
politicianspercountry 278
13.2 Numberoffriendsamongotherprofessionalgroups 279
13.3 Frequencyofconflictspercountry 280
13.4 Patternsofinteractionandconflictbetweenpoliticians
andjournalists:positioningofthecountriesonthe
threedimensions 281
13.5 Typologyofinteractionculturesbetweenpoliticiansand
journalistsinEurope 282
vii
Tables
3.1 Mediasystemindicators 37
3.2 Politicalsystemandpoliticalcultureindicators 52
4.1 Responseratesforpoliticalelitesbycountry 63
4.2 Responseratesformediaelitesbycountry 66
4.3 Respondentsbycountryandprofessionalgroup 67
4.4 Modesofinterviewbycountryandprofessionalgroup 69
4.5 Effectsonresponsestyles 71
5.1 Groupandcountrydifferencesontheindicatorsof
politicalcommunicationculture 84
6.1 Importanceandevaluationofpublicopinionpollsby
country 113
6.2 Importanceandevaluationofpublicopinion
polls–countrygroups 114
6.3 Perceivedeffectsofpublicopinionpollsbycountry 117
6.4 Perceptionofmediacoverageofpollsbycountry 118
6.5 Perceptionofpollsbyprofessionalgroup 121
6.6 Determinantsofpollperception 123
7.1 Supportforthreedemocraticdemandsonthemediaby
professionalgroup 131
7.2 Supportforthreedemocraticdemandsonthemediaby
country 134
7.3 Journalists’supportforthreedemocraticdemandson
themediabystatusofmediaorganization 135
7.4 Democraticdemandsonthemediabypoliticalactors
(politiciansandspokespersons)bypartygroupand
strategicposition 137
7.5 Democraticdemandsonthemediaandjournalists’
perceptionsoftheirroles 141
7.6 Evaluationofthemedia’sdemocraticperformance 142
7.7 Determinantsoftheperceptionsofpoliticalactors
regardingthemedia’simpactondemocracy 143
8.1 Propensitytoactpoliticallybyactorgroup 153
8.2 Propensitytoactpoliticallybycountry 155
8.3 Left/rightalignmentbymediatype:journalistsand
editors 158
viii
ListofTables ix
8.4 Left/rightalignmentofjournalistsonly 159
8.5 Perceivedbiasbycountry 162
8.6 Orientationversusperceivedbias 163
8.7 Collusionbycountry 165
8.8 Politicizationscorebycountry 167
8.9 Effectsonpoliticization 168
9.1 Perceptionsofmediapowerinpoliticsbycountry 180
9.2 Role-specificperceptionsofmediapowerinpoliticsby
country 182
9.3 Perceivedpoliticalinfluenceofdifferentmediatypes 186
9.4 ExplainingmediapowerperceptionsinEurope 191
10.1 Perceptionsofmediachangebycountryand
professionalgroup 205
10.2 Determinantsofperceptionofchangesinthemedia
reporting+commercializationeffects 210
10.3 Perceptionsofmediachangebycountryand
opposition/governmentstatus 213
10.4 Regressionanalysisofdeterminantsofpoliticalactors’
perceptionofcommercializationeffects 214
10.5 Perceptionsofmediachangebycountryandtypeof
mediaorganization 215
10.6 Regressionanalysisofdeterminantsofjournalists’
perceptionofcommercializationeffects 216
11.1 Abilityofpoliticianstoinfluencethepublicagendaby
country 227
11.2 Perceivedeffectivenessofmeanstogainpublic
awarenessbycountry 230
11.3 Perceivedeffectivenessofmeansof
gainingpublicawarenessbyprofessional
group 233
11.4 Strategiesofagenda-settingbycountry 235
11.5 Strategiesofagenda-settingbyprofessionalgroup 238
11.6 Strategiesofagenda-boostingbycountry 240
11.7 Media-orientedversuspoliticalstrategiesbycountry 243
12.1 Roleorientationofjournalists 255
12.2 Journalisticrolesbyprofessionalgroup 258
12.3 Journalisticrolecomplexes:journalistsandpoliticians/
spokespersons 261
12.4 Roleorientationofpoliticians 264
12.5 Politicians’rolesbyprofessionalgroup 266
12.6 Rolesbasedonopenquestions 268