Table Of ContentPolitical Cohesion
in a Fragile Mosaic
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About the Book and Authors
Political Cohesion in a Fragile Mosaic:
The Yugoslav Experience
Lenard Cohen and Paul Warwick
This book represents the first comprehensive empirical in
vestigation of political cohesion in the multi-ethnic state of
Yugoslavia, covering the entire period from the nation's inde
pendence to the present. The authors base their analysis on an
extensive body of aggregate voting- data from elections during
both the preconununist and communist periods and on their own
field research in Yugoslavia. Drs. Cohen and Warwick categorize
the country's sixty-year course of political development into
distinct periods to assess the influence of each regime's pol
icies and strategies for managing cultural diversity. Using cen
sus data on ethnic composition and on economic development,
they demonstrate how cultural identity and modernization affect
political behavior and incorporation. Beyond offering a general
evaluation of Yugoslavia's past and present experience with po
litical cohesion, the book's sophisticated methodological ap
proach may prove useful for the study of other political systems.
Dr. Cohen is co-editor of Communist Systems in Comparative
Perspective and Dr. Warwick is the author of The French Popular
Front: A Legislative Analysis. Both authors are associate
professors of political science at Simon Fraser University, Bri
tish Columbia -
FOR OUR PARENTS
FANNIE AND LOUIS COHEN
JEAN AND SIDNEY WARWICK
Political Cohesion
in a Fragile Mosaic
The Yugoslav Experience
Lenard Cohen
and Paul \Varwick
Westview Press I Boulder, ColoraJo
A West;vieLJ Reptica Edition
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
Copyright © 1983 by Westview Press, Inc.
Published in 1983 in the United States of America by
Westview Press, Inc.
5500 Central Avenue
Boulder, Colorado 80301
Frederick A. Praeger, President and Publisher
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cohen, Lenard J .
Political cohesion in a fragile mosaic.
(A Westview replica edition)
Bibliography: p.
1 . Elections--Yugoslavia--History. 2. Yugoslavia--Politics and
government--1918-1945. 3. Yugoslavia--Politics and government--
1945- 4. Minorities--Yugoslavia--Political activity--
History. 5. Political stability--Yugoslavia--History. I. Warwick,
Paul. II. Title.
JN9679 .A15C63 1983 320.9497 83-6585
ISBN 0-86531-967-7
Printed and bound in the United States of America
1098765432
Contents
List of Tables viii
list of Figures
Preface xi
THE STUDY OF POLITICAL COHESION: A NEGLECTED
ISSUE
TliE MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY:
THEORY AND CASE STUDY
DIVERSITY AND DIVERGENCE: YUGOSLAVIA IN THE
INTERWAR YEARS 27
THE COMMUNISTS AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY 51
INCORPORATION UNDER COMMUNISM, 1950-1969 73
ONE PARTY, MANY CHOICES: PLURALIST SOCIALISM
IN THE 1960s 103
CONSOLIDATION WITHOUT COHESION: POLITICAL
STABILITY IN A FRAGILE MOSAIC 139
APPENDIXES
A. The Ethnic Composition of Yugoslavia 163
B. Entropy Tests of Interwar Yugoslav Elections 167
C. Data Matching and the Definition of Standardized
Regional Units 177
D. Ecological Fallacy Tests of Postwar Electoral and
Census Data 181
REFERENCES 187
INDEX 195
vii
Tables
Table
2.1 The Yugoslav Population by Economic Sector 22
2.2 Per Capita National Income 23
3.1 Regression Test of the Entropy Hypothesis, 1920 to 1927
National Elections 36
3.2 Party-Choice Entropy by Republic, 1920 to 1927 Elections 38
3.3 Regression Test of the Entropy Hypothesis, 1935 Election 44
3.4 Party-Choice Entropy by Republic, 1935 Election 47
4.1 The Ethnic and Regional Composition of Partisan
Veterans as of 31 December 1977 64
5.1 Analysis of Variance of Constituency Invalidation Levels
by Republic, Federal Elections of I 950 to 1969 81
5.2 Analysis of Variance of Constituency Invalidation Levels
by Region, Federal Elections of 1950 to I 969 84
5.3 Inter-Election Correlations Among Regional Invalidation
Levels, Federal Elections of 1950 to 1969 85
5.4 Change in Ballot Invalidation by Year of 1965/67 Election 86
5.5 Analysis of Variance of Invalidation Levels by Region
and Turnout Levels, Federal Elections of 1953 to 1969 88
5.6 Multiple Regression of Invalidation Levels per Region
(1950-1969) on Demographic Variables 93
5.7 Relative Effects of Ethnic, Economic, and Political
Factors on Regional Invalidation Levels, Elections
of 1950 to 1969 95
5.8 Regression Analysis of Change in Regional Invalidation
Levels, 1963 to 1965/67 and 1965/67 to 1969 97
5.9 Invalidation per Constituency by Region, Number of
Candidates and Turnout, Federal EJections of 1953,
1958, 1965/67, and 1969 99
6.1 Candidate Choice for Popularly-Elected Legislative
Chambers, by Level of Government and Stage of the
Nomination Process, 1963 to 1969 105
6.2 Available Data by Constituency for Republican Elections
of 1963, 1965/67, and 1969 107
6.3 Comparative Analysis of Federal and Republic-Level
Invalidation Levels, 1969 Elections 109
6.4 The Occupational Composition of Candidates and Elected
Deputies to the Republican Assemblies in I 969 111
viii
