Table Of ContentNew Security Challenges Series
General Editor: Stuart Croft, Professor of International Security in the Department of
Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick, UK, and Director of the
ESRC’s New Security Challenges Programme.
The last decade demonstrated that threats to security vary greatly in their causes and mani-
festations, and that they invite interest and demand responses from the social sciences, civil
society and a very broad policy community. In the past, the avoidance of war was the pri-
mary objective, but with the end of the Cold War the retention of military defense as the
centrepiece of international security agenda became untenable. There has been, therefore, a
significant shift in emphasis away from traditional approaches to security to a new agenda
that talks of the softer side of security, in terms of human security, economic security and
environmental security. The topical New Security Challenges Series reflects this pressing
political and research agenda.
Titles include:
Abdul Haqq Baker
EXTREMISTS IN OUR MIDST
Confronting Terror
Jon Coaffee, David Murakami Wood and Peter Rogers
THE EVERYDAY RESILIENCE OF THE CITY
How Cities Respond to Terrorism and Disaster
Tom Dyson
NEOCLASSICAL REALISM AND DEFENCE REFORM IN POST-COLD WAR EUROPE
Håkan Edström, Janne Haaland Matlary and Magnus Petersson (editors)
NATO: THE POWER OF PARTNERSHIP
Håkan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre
POLITICAL ASPIRATIONS AND PERILS OF SECURITY
Unpacking the Military Strategy of the United Nations
Håkan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre (editors)
PURSUING STRATEGY
NATO Operations from the Gulf War to Gaddafi
Christopher Farrington (editor)
GLOBAL CHANGE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND PEACE PROCESS
Implementing the Political Settlement
Adrian Gallagher
GENOCIDE AND ITS THREAT TO CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL ORDER
Kevin Gillan, Jenny Pickerill and Frank Webster
ANTI-WAR ACTIVISM
New Media and Protest in the Information Age
Andrew Hill
RE-IMAGING THE WAR ON TERROR
Seeing, Waiting, Travelling
Andrew Hoskins and Ben O’Loughlin
TELEVISION AND TERROR
Conflicting Times and the Crisis of News Discourse
Paul Jackson and Peter Albrecht
RECONSTRUCTION SECURITY AFTER CONFLICT
Security Sector Reform in Sierra Leone
Bryan Mabee
THE GLOBALIZATION OF SECURITY
State Power, Security Provision and Legitimacy
Janne Haaland Mailary
EUROPEAN UNION SECURITY DYNAMICS
Michael Pugh, Neil Cooper and Mandy Turner (editors)
WHOSE PEACE? CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY
OF PEACEBUILDING
Brian Rappert and Chandré Gould (editors)
BIOSECURITY
Origins, Transformations and Practices
Brain Rappert
BIOTECHNOLOGY, SECURITY AND THE SEARCH FOR LIMITS
An Inquiry into Research and Methods
Brain Rappert (editor)
TECHNOLOGY AND SECURITY
Governing Threats in the New Millennium
Nathan Roger
IMAGE WARFARE IN THE WAR ON TERROR
Ali Tekin and Paul Andrew Williams
GEO-POLITICS OF THE EURO-ASIA ENERGY NEXUS
The European Union, Russia and Turkey
Lisa Watanabe
SECURING EUROPE
Mark Webber, James Sperling and Martin A. Smith
NATO’s POST-COLD WAR TRAJECTORY
Decline or Regeneration?
New Security Challenges Series
Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–00261–6 (hardback)
and ISBN 978–0–230–00217–3 (paperback)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a stand-
ing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of diffi culty, write to us at the
address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN
quoted above.
Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
Political Aspirations and
Perils of Security
Unpacking the Military Strategy of the
United Nations
Håkan Edström
Swedish National Defence College, Stockholm
and
Dennis Gyllensporre
Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Sweden
Håkan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre © 2013
The views and opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any agency of the Swedish
government.
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this
work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2013 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978–1–137–00871–8
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing
processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the
country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne
Contents
List of Figures and Tables vi
About the Authors vii
Acknowledgments viii
List of Abbreviations ix
1 I s there Utility in Applying Military Strategy
in UN Missions? 1
2 The Evolution of UN Peace Operations 16
3 Mission in Southern Europe—UNFICYP 52
4 Mission in the Middle East—UNDOF 64
5 Mission in the Middle East—UNIFIL 70
6 Mission in Northern Africa—MINURSO 86
7 Mission in Central Africa—MONUC/MONUSCO 102
8 Mission in Western Africa—UNMIL 124
9 Mission in Western Africa—UNOCI 138
10 Mission in the Caribbean—MINUSTAH 155
11 Mission in Eastern Africa—UNMIS/UNMISS 168
12 Mission in Eastern Africa—UNAMID 183
13 Linking Political Goals with Military Objectives 195
Notes 214
Sources 230
Index 256
v
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
1.1 The model for analysis—Horizontal balance and
vertical harmonization 11
1.2 Interdependent balancing 12
1.3 Hierarchical balancing 12
1.4 Sequential balancing 13
1.5 The ENDS dynamic 13
1.6 The strategic interaction 14
Tables
2.1 Military operations conducted by the UN after
the end of the Cold War 22
3.1 The military strategy of UNFICYP 63
4.1 The military strategy of UNDOF 69
5.1 The military strategy of UNIFIL 85
6.1 The military strategy of MINURSO 101
7.1 The military strategy of MONUC/MONUSCO 123
8.1 The military strategy of UNMIL 137
9.1 The military strategy of UNOCI 154
10.1 The military strategy of MINUSTAH 167
11.1 The military strategy of UNMIS/UNMISS 181
12.1 The military strategy of UNAMID 194
13.1 The military strategy of UN force operations 206
13.2 The ongoing UN force operations 206
vi
About the Authors
Håkan Edström is lecturer and researcher at the Department of Strategic
Studies, Swedish National Defence College. Prior to his current position
he was lecturer and researcher at the Norwegian Defence University
College. He has affiliations as Senior Researcher at the University of
Maastricht and as Associate Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute
for Defence Studies and at the Department for Peace and Conflict
Research, Uppsala University. His research focuses on military strat-
egy. Lieutenant Colonel Edström has served with the UN forces in the
Middle East.
Dennis Gyllensporre is Associate Research Fellow at the Department
for Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University. A Major General
in the Swedish Armed Forces, he is Head of the Plans and Policy
Department, Swedish Armed Forces HQ. Earlier assignments include
Chief of Staff in Regional Command North, ISAF; Operations Officer
at Multinational Division North, SFOR; Branch Chief for Concepts
and Doctrine at EU Military Staff and Chief Operations Officer at Joint
Military Commission Sudan. He is Associate Fellow at the University of
Maastricht and at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies. He is a
member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Studies and the Swedish
Delegation for Research in Military History. His research focuses on
military strategy.
vii
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Julia Willan at Palgrave Macmillan
for her gentle guidance and support throughout the project. Jules’ pro-
fessionalism is exceptional. We are privileged to have such a brilliant
publisher.
We are indebted to Colonel Anders Svensson and Ms Raquel
Ortigueira at the Permanent Mission of Sweden to the United Nations
for their efforts helping us throughout the project.
We would like to express our gratitude to Ms Linda Nordin Thorslund,
Secretary General of the Swedish UN Association, and to Ms Ann
Bernes, Professor Birger Heldt and Ms Annika Hilding-Norberg at Folke
Bernadotte Academy (International Forum for the Challenges of Peace
Operations) for their encouragement and insights.
In addition we would like to thank Professor Severine Autesserre and
the other participants of International Studies Association’s (ISA) panel
on peacekeeping, peace-building and humanitarian intervention at the
ISA-conference in San Diego 4 April 2012 for their valuable comments
on the draft of the two initial chapters of this book.
We would like to extend our appreciation to Colonel Ulf Siverstedt,
Department for War Studies, and Colonel Jan Mörtberg and Lieutenant
Colonel Stefan Borén, Department for Strategic Studies, at the Swedish
National Defence College, for their support and decision to approve
part of the funding of this project.
Finally we would like to express our gratitude to Colonel (ret.) Lennart
B:son Uller whose intellectual brilliance and strategic awareness inspired
us to study not only tactics and technology but also, among others,
Clausewitz and Liddell Hart. This book is dedicated to him.
Håkan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre, Stockholm
viii
List of Abbreviations
AMIS AU Mission in Sudan
AMISOM AU Mission in Somalia
AU African Union
BINUB UN Integrated Office in Burundi
C34 UN Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations
CAR Central African Republic
CARICOM Caribbean Community
CCA Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement
CEN-SAD Community of Sahelo-Saharan States
CONOPS Concept of Operations
CoS Chief of Staff
CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement
DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration
DDRR D isarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration and
Repatriation
DFS UN Department of Field Services
DPA Darfur Peace Agreement
DPKO UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
DPSCA UN Department for Political and Security Council Affairs
DR Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo
ECOFORCE ECOWAS Peace Force for Côte d’Ivoire
ECOMIL ECOWAS Mission in Liberia
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EU European Union
FANCI National Armed Forces of Côte d’Ivoire
FARDC Armed Forces of DR Congo
FDLR Forces Démocratiques de la Libération du Rwanda
FOMUC Central African Economic and Monetary Community
ix
