Policy Practice and Digital Science: Integrating Complex Systems, Social Simulation and Public Administration in Policy Research

435 Pages·2015·6.105 MB·English

by  Marijn Janssen, Maria A. Wimmer, Ameneh Deljoo (eds.)

Public Administration and Information
Technology
Volume 10
SeriesEditor
ChristopherG.Reddick
SanAntonio,Texas,USA
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/10796
Marijn Janssen • Maria A. Wimmer
Ameneh Deljoo
Editors
Policy Practice and Digital
Science
Integrating Complex Systems, Social
Simulation and Public Administration
in Policy Research
2123
Editors
MarijnJanssen AmenehDeljoo
FacultyofTechnology,Policy,and FacultyofTechnology,Policy,and
Management Management
DelftUniversityofTechnology DelftUniversityofTechnology
Delft Delft
TheNetherlands TheNetherlands
MariaA.Wimmer
InstituteforInformationSystemsResearch
UniversityofKoblenz-Landau
Koblenz
Germany
ISBN978-3-319-12783-5 ISBN978-3-319-12784-2(eBook)
PublicAdministrationandInformationTechnology
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-12784-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014956771
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkLondon
© SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe
materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,
broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology
nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook
arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe
editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors
oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Preface
The last economic and financial crisis has heavily threatened European and other
economies around the globe. Also, the Eurozone crisis, the energy and climate
change crises, challenges of demographic change with high unemployment rates,
and the most recent conflicts in the Ukraine and the near East or the Ebola virus
diseaseinAfricathreatenthewealthofoursocietiesindifferentways.Theinability
topredictorrapidlydealwithdramaticchangesandnegativetrendsinoureconomies
andsocietiescanseriouslyhamperthewealthandprosperityoftheEuropeanUnion
anditsMemberStatesaswellastheglobalnetworks.Thesesocietalandeconomic
challengesdemonstrateanurgentneedformoreeffectiveandefficientprocessesof
governanceandpolicymaking,therewithspecificallyaddressingcrisismanagement
andeconomic/welfareimpactreduction.
Therefore, investing in the exploitation of innovative information and commu-
nicationtechnology(ICT)inthesupportofgoodgovernanceandpolicymodeling
hasbecomeamajoreffortoftheEuropeanUniontopositionitselfanditsMember
States well in the global digital economy. In this realm, the European Union has
laidoutclearstrategicpolicyobjectivesfor2020intheEurope2020strategy1:In
a changing world, we want the EU to become a smart, sustainable, and inclusive
economy. These three mutually reinforcing priorities should help the EU and the
MemberStatesdeliverhighlevelsofemployment,productivity,andsocialcohesion.
Concretely,theUnionhassetfiveambitiousobjectives—onemployment,innovation,
education,socialinclusion,andclimate/energy—tobereachedby2020.Alongwith
this, Europe 2020 has established four priority areas—smart growth, sustainable
growth, inclusive growth, and later added: A strong and effective system of eco-
nomicgovernance—designedtohelpEuropeemergefromthecrisisstrongerandto
coordinatepolicyactionsbetweentheEUandnationallevels.
TospecificallysupportEuropeanresearchinstrengtheningcapacities,inovercom-
ingfragmentedresearchinthefieldofpolicymaking,andinadvancingsolutionsfor
1Europe2020http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/index_en.htm
v
vi Preface
ICTsupportedgovernanceandpolicymodeling,theEuropeanCommissionhasco-
funded an international support action called eGovPoliNet2. The overall objective
ofeGovPoliNetwastocreateaninternational,cross-disciplinarycommunityofre-
searchers working on ICT solutions for governance and policy modeling. In turn,
the aim of this community was to advance and sustain research and to share the
insightsgleanedfromexperiencesinEuropeandglobally.Toachievethis,eGovPo-
liNetestablishedadialogue,broughttogetherexpertsfromdistinctdisciplines,and
collectedandanalyzedknowledgeassets(i.e.,theories,concepts,solutions,findings,
andlessonsonICTsolutionsinthefield)fromdifferentresearchdisciplines.Itbuilt
on case material accumulated by leading actors coming from distinct disciplinary
backgroundsandbroughttogethertheinnovativeknowledgeinthefield.Tools,meth-
ods,andcasesweredrawnfromtheacademiccommunity,theICTsector,specialized
policyconsultingfirmsaswellasfrompolicymakersandgovernanceexperts.These
resultswereassembledinaknowledgebaseandanalyzedinordertoproducecom-
parativeanalysesanddescriptionsofcases,tools,andscientificapproachestoenrich
acommonknowledgebaseaccessibleviawww.policy-community.eu.
This book, entitled “Policy Practice and Digital Science—Integrating Complex
Systems,SocialSimulation,andPublicAdministrationinPolicyResearch,”isone
oftheexcitingresultsoftheactivitiesofeGovPoliNet—fusingcommunitybuilding
activitiesandactivitiesofknowledgeanalysis.Itdocumentsfindingsofcomparative
analysesandbringsinexperiencesofexpertsfromacademiaandfromcasedescrip-
tionsfromallovertheglobe.Specifically,itdemonstrateshowtheexplosivegrowth
indata,computationalpower,andsocialmediacreatesnewopportunitiesforpolicy-
makingandresearch.Thebookprovidesafirstcomprehensivelookonhowtotake
advantageofthedevelopmentinthedigitalworldwithnewapproaches, concepts,
instruments,andmethodstodealwithsocietalandcomputationalcomplexity.This
requirestheknowledgetraditionallyfoundindifferentdisciplinesincludingpublic
administration, policy analyses, information systems, complex systems, and com-
putersciencetoworktogetherinamultidisciplinaryfashionandtoshareapproaches.
Thisbookprovidesthefoundationforstronglymultidisciplinaryresearch,inwhich
thevariousdevelopmentsanddisciplinesworktogetherfromacomprehensiveand
holisticpolicymakingperspective.Awiderangeofaspectsforsocialandprofessional
networking and multidisciplinary constituency building along the axes of technol-
ogy, participative processes, governance, policy modeling, social simulation, and
visualizationaretackledinthe19papers.
Withthisbook,theprojectmakesaneffectivecontributiontotheoverallobjec-
tives of the Europe 2020 strategy by providing a better understanding of different
approachestoICTenabledgovernanceandpolicymodeling,andbyovercomingthe
fragmentedresearchofthepast.Thisbookprovidesimpressiveinsightsintovarious
theories,concepts,andsolutionsofICTsupportedpolicymodelingandhowstake-
holderscanbemoreactivelyengagedinpublicpolicymaking.Itdrawsconclusions
2eGovPoliNet is cofunded under FP 7, Call identifier FP7-ICT-2011-7, URL: www.policy-
community.eu
Preface vii
ofhowjointmultidisciplinaryresearchcanbringmoreeffectiveandresilientfind-
ingsforbetterpredictingdramaticchangesandnegativetrendsinoureconomiesand
societies.
It is my great pleasure to provide the preface to the book resulting from the
eGovPoliNetproject.Thisbookpresentsstimulatingresearchbyresearcherscoming
fromalloverEuropeandbeyond.Congratulationstotheprojectpartnersandtothe
authors!—Enjoyreading!
ThanassisChrissafis
ProjectofficerofeGovPoliNet
EuropeanCommission
DGCNECT,ExcellenceinScience,DigitalScience
Contents
1 IntroductiontoPolicy-MakingintheDigitalAge ................. 1
MarijnJanssenandMariaA.Wimmer
2 EducatingPublicManagersandPolicyAnalysts
inanEraofInformatics ....................................... 15
ChristopherKolibaandAsimZia
3 TheQualityofSocialSimulation:AnExamplefromResearch
PolicyModelling .............................................. 35
PetraAhrweilerandNigelGilbert
4 PolicyMakingandModellinginaComplexWorld................ 57
WanderJagerandBruceEdmonds
5 FromBuildingaModeltoAdaptiveRobustDecisionMaking
UsingSystemsModeling ....................................... 75
ErikPruyt
6 FeaturesandAddedValueofSimulationModelsUsingDifferent
ModellingApproachesSupportingPolicy-Making:AComparative
Analysis...................................................... 95
DraganaMajstorovic,MariaA.Wimmer,RoyLay-Yee,PeterDavis
andPetraAhrweiler
7 AComparativeAnalysisofToolsandTechnologies
forPolicyMaking ............................................. 125
EleniKamateri,EleniPanopoulou,EfthimiosTambouris,
KonstantinosTarabanis,AdegboyegaOjo,DeirdreLee
andDavidPrice
8 ValueSensitiveDesignofComplexProductSystems............... 157
AndreasLigtvoet,GeertenvandeKaa,TheoFens,CeesvanBeers,
PaulierHerderandJeroenvandenHoven
ix
x Contents
9 StakeholderEngagementinPolicyDevelopment:Observations
andLessonsfromInternationalExperience ...................... 177
NatalieHelbig,SharonDawes,ZamiraDzhusupova,BramKlievink
andCatherineGeraldMkude
10 ValuesinComputationalModelsRevalued....................... 205
RebeccaMoodyandLasseGerrits
11 ThePsychologicalDriversofBureaucracy:Protecting
theSocietalGoalsofanOrganization............................ 221
TjeerdC.Andringa
12 ActiveandPassiveCrowdsourcinginGovernment ................ 261
EuripidisLoukisandYannisCharalabidis
13 ManagementofComplexSystems:TowardAgent-Based
GamingforPolicy............................................. 291
WanderJagerandGerbenvanderVegt
14 TheRoleofMicrosimulationintheDevelopmentofPublicPolicy... 305
RoyLay-YeeandGerryCotterell
15 Visual Decision Support for Policy Making: Advancing Policy
AnalysiswithVisualization ..................................... 321
TobiasRuppert,JensDambruch,MichelKrämer,TinaBalke,Marco
Gavanelli,StefanoBragaglia,FedericoChesani,MichelaMilano
andJörnKohlhammer
16 AnalysisofFivePolicyCasesintheFieldofEnergyPolicy ......... 355
DominikBär,MariaA.Wimmer,JozefGlova,Anastasia
PapazafeiropoulouandLaurenceBrooks
17 ChallengestoPolicy-MakinginDevelopingCountries
andtheRolesofEmergingTools,MethodsandInstruments:
ExperiencesfromSaintPetersburg.............................. 379
DmitriiTrutnev,LyudmilaVidyasovaandAndreiChugunov
18 SustainableUrbanDevelopment,GovernanceandPolicy:
AComparativeOverviewofEUPoliciesandProjects ............. 393
DiegoNavarraandSimonaMilio
19 eParticipation,SimulationExerciseandLeadershipTraining
inNigeria:BridgingtheDigitalDivide........................... 417
TankoAhmed