Pocket english grammar for indonesian speakers

88 Pages·1.115 MB·English

by  Amanda Lee

P O C K E T E N G L I S H
G R A M M A R F O R
I N D O N E S I A N
S P E A K E R S
Concise summary of English grammar rules & usage
specifically created for Indonesian Speakers
Amanda Lee
Copyright © 2020 Amanda Lee
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without express written
permission of the publisher.
CONTENTS
Title Page
Copyright
1 TENSES
1.1 THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
1.2 THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
1.3 THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
1.4 THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.5 THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.6 THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.7 THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
1.8 THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
1.9 THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
1.10 THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.11 THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.12 THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
2 PASSIVE VOICE
2.1 THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE PASSIVE VOICE
2.2 THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE PASSIVE VOICE
2.3 THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE PASSIVE VOICE
2.4 THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE PASSIVE VOICE
2.5 PASSIVE VOICE FORMULA
3 PERSONAL PRONOUNS
4 ADVERB OF MANNER
5 THE DEGREES OF COMPARISON
5.1 POSITIVE DEGREE
5.2 COMPARATIVE DEGREE
5.3 SUPERLATIVE DEGREE
6 MODALS/SPECIAL VERBS
6.1 CAN
6.2 MAY
6.3 MUST
6.4 SHALL
6.5 WILL
6.6 SHOULD
7 INTRODUCTORY “IT”
8 IMPERSONAL “IT”
9 NOUN
9.1 PLURAL NOUN
9.2 UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
10 CLAUSE
10.1 INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
10.2 DEPENDENT CLAUSE
10.3 NOUN CLAUSE
10.4 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
11 GERUND
11.1 GERUND AS SUBJECT
11.2 GERUND AS (SUBJECT) COMPLEMENT
11.3 GERUND AS OBJECT
12 COMMAND & REQUEST
12.1 COMMAND
12.2 request
13 CONDITIONAL
13.1 FUTURE CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
13.2 PRESENT CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
13.3 PAST CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
14 REPORTED SPEECH
14.1 REPORTED SPEECH IN STATEMENT
14.2 REPORTED SPEECH IN YES-NO QUESTIONS
14.3 REPORTED SPEECH IN INFORMATION QUESTIONS
14.4 REPORTED SPEECH IN COMMAND
15 ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES
16 QUESTION TAG
1 TENSES
Definisi: Perubahan bentuk kata kerja dalam Bahasa Inggris yang
menunjukkan kapan terjadinya.
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Simple Simple Simple
Continuous Continuous Continuous
Perfect Perfect Perfect
Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous
1.1 THE SIMPLE PAST
TENSE
Gunanya: untuk menunjukkan suatu perbuatan/tindakan yang telah terjadi
pada waktu tertentu di waktu lampau. Di sini ditekankan saat atau waktu
terjadinya perbuatan itu.
Struktur:
(+)Subject + V-II (ed) John helped me yesterday.
(- Subject + did not + V-I tanpa “to” John did not help me yesterday.
)
(?) Did + subject + V-I tanpa “to” Did John help me yesterday?
(?) Wh- + did + subject + V-I tanpa Who helped Mary?
“to” Whom did John help yesterday?
When did John help Mary?
Adverb of Time:
1. Yesterday (morning/noon/afternoon/evening/night)
2. The day before yesterday
3. Last … (night/Sunday/week/month/year)
4. This morning
5. … ago (3 weeks/5 days/2 months/10 years/long time ago)
1.2 THE SIMPLE PRESENT
TENSE
Gunanya: untuk menunjukkan perbuatan-perbuatan yang:
terjadi berulang-ulang (repeated actions)
merupakan kebiasan (habitual actions)
menunjukkan kemampuan/kepandaian (ability)
tidak berubah/mutlak (absolute actions)
Struktur:
(+)(+) Subject + V-I tanpa “to” I eat rice everyday.
She eats rice everyday.
(- Subject + do not/does not + V-I I do not eat rice everyday.
) tanpa “to” She does not eat rice everyday.
(?) Do/Does + subject + V-I tanpa “to” Do you eat rice every day?
Does she eat rice every day?
(?) Wh- + do/does + subject + V-I tanpa What do you eat every day?
“to” What does she eat every day?
Adverb of time:
1. Every … (day/time/night/morning/week/month/year/Sunday)
2. Often
3. Always
4. Usually
5. Sometimes
6. Rarely
7. Never
8. Generally