Table Of ContentPLURALISM, JUSTICE, AND EQUALITY
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Pluralism, Justice,
and Equality
Edited by
DAVID MILLER
and
MICHAEL WALZER
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
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PREFACE
THE idea for this book emerged from some discussions between the
two editors about issues arising from Michael Walzer's book
Spheres of Justice, first published in 1983. A decade later the book
was still being widely debated, and a fairly substantial body of crit-
ical literature had emerged concerning its central theses, the plu-
rality of spheres of justice and the idea of complex equality. We
thought it might be valuable to assemble a series of appraisals by
political theorists and philosophers, including some who were quite
sceptical about the general programme of Spheres of Justice, and
others who were more sympathetic, but who might wish to modify
or extend some of its arguments. David Miller would begin by cir-
culating a general overview of the book's arguments, and Michael
Walzer would conclude by defending, developing, or modifying (as
the case might be) the ideas he had expressed there in the light of
the appraisals being offered.
This explains the plan of the book. The contributors were cho-
sen by the two editors together, but David Miller alone was
responsible for commenting on draft versions of the papers. We
should like to record our thanks to Trude Hickey of Nuffield
College for her help in co-ordinating the project.
D.M.
M.W.
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CONTENTS
Notes on Contributors ix
Introduction 1
David Miller
1. Equality in Post-Modern Times 17
Michael Rustin
1. Complex Justice, Cultural Difference, and Political
Community 45
Joseph Carens
3. Spherical Justice and Global Injustice 67
Brian Barry
4. The Empirical Study of Justice 81
Jon Elster
5. Justice across the Spheres 99
Amy Gutmann
6. Politics and the Complex Inequality of Gender 120
Susan Moller Okin
1. Money and Complex Equality 144
Jeremy Waldron
8. Blocked Exchanges: A Taxonomy 171
Judith Andre
9. Complex Equality 197
David Miller
viii CONTENTS
10. Against 'Complex' Equality 226
Richard Arneson
11. The Sociology of Complex Equality 253
Adam Swift
Response 281
Michael Walzer
Index 299
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
JUDITH ANDRE is an associate professor at Michigan State
University where she holds a joint appointment in the philosophy
department and in the Center for Ethics and Humanities in the Life
Sciences. Her recent publications have addressed embodiment
('Respect for Bodies') and the moral/psychological relationships
between professionals and those they serve ('My Client, My
Enemy'). She is working on a paper about the paradoxes within
preventive medicine.
RICHARD J. ARNESON is Professor of Philosophy and Chair of
the Department of Philosophy at the University of California, San
Diego. Since 1986 he has been an associate editor of the journal
Ethics. Among his essays in social and political philosophy are
papers on democracy, equality, and the meaning of work. He is
currently writing a book on distributive justice and responsibility.
BRIAN BARRY is Professor of Political Science at the London
School of Economics. He is former editor of the British Journal of
Political Science and Ethics. His books include Political Argument
(1965, reissued 1990): two volumes of essays, Democracy and
Power and Liberty and Justice (1989); and A Treatise on Social
Justice, i. Theories of Justice (1989), ii. Justice as Impartiality
(1995). He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences and of the British Academy.
JOSEPH.H. CARENS is Professor of Political Science at the
University of Toronto. He is the author of Equality, Moral
Incentives, and the Market (1981) and editor of Democracy and
Possessive Individualism (1993). He is currently working on a book
on immigration and political community.
JON ELSTER is Professor of Political Science at the University of
Chicago. Among his recent publications are Local Justice (1992)
and Political Psychology (1993). He is also the editor of Local
Justice in America (forthcoming).
AMY GUTMANN, Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of
Politics at Princeton University, is director of the University Center
