Table Of ContentPlatform Interference
in Wireless Systems
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Platform Interference
in Wireless Systems
Models, Measurement, and Mitigation
Kevin Slattery & Harry Skinner
• • •
AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON
• • •
NEWYORK OXFORD PARIS SANDIEGO
• • •
SANFRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO
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Contents
Preface........................................................................... ix
Chapter1:Introduction .......................................................... 1
1.1 SettingTheScene ................................................................... 1
1.2 Wirelessvs.EMI .................................................................... 2
1.3 AddressingtheFundamentals....................................................... 4
1.3.1 PlatformInterference:DescribingtheProblem............................. 6
1.4 PlatformRFSnapshots.............................................................26
1.5 PlatformRFSources:SummingItAllUp.........................................34
Chapter2:TheStructureofSignals .............................................37
2.1 TimehasLittleToDowithInfinityandJellyDoughnuts ........................37
2.2 PlatformSignals:PreliminariesinSpectralAnalysis.............................38
2.3 HarmonicVariationwithTime.....................................................40
2.4 VariationwithDutyCycle .........................................................43
2.5 NonrepetitiveSignals ..............................................................55
2.6 ModifyingaClock .................................................................57
2.7 RandomDataSequencesasSignals...............................................59
2.8 SpectraofDisplaySymbols........................................................66
2.9 Summary............................................................................75
References................................................................................76
Chapter3:AnalysisofSymbols..................................................77
3.1 WhenPeopleFinallyCometoUnderstandyourVision...It’sTimefor
aNewVision .......................................................................77
3.2 AnalysisofDisplaySymbolsPartII...............................................92
3.2.1 JustificationfortheDifferentialOperator.................................102
3.3 WirelessPerformanceinthePresenceofRadiatedEmissionsfrom
DigitalDisplaySymbols ..........................................................104
3.4 DevelopingtheAnalysisofDifferentialSymbols ...............................107
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vi Contents
3.5 TheImpactofPulseWidthandEdgeRateJitterontheExpectedEMI/RFI ...113
3.6 Summary...........................................................................119
References...............................................................................119
Chapter4:MeasurementMethods .............................................121
4.1 OneMeasurementisWorthaThousandOpinions...............................121
4.2 Near-fieldScansofClockICs ....................................................128
4.3 MeasurementsBeyondtheNearField:TransitionRegion ......................133
4.4 TheNear-Field,Far-FieldTransition.............................................133
4.5 Far-fieldMeasurements ...........................................................141
4.6 OtherMeasurementMethods.....................................................142
4.7 Summary...........................................................................145
References...............................................................................145
Chapter5:Electromagnetics....................................................147
5.1 HeMustGobyAnotherWayWhoWouldEscapeThisWilderness............147
5.2 TheTime-VaryingMaxwell’sEquations.........................................154
5.3 ElectricandMagneticpotentials..................................................156
5.4 RadiationMechanisms............................................................158
References...............................................................................163
Chapter6:AnalyticalModels...................................................165
6.1 HonestAnalysisGetsintheWayofResultsDesiredEmotionally..............165
6.2 TheElectricDipole................................................................165
6.3 FieldImpedanceoftheElementaryElectricDipole.............................172
6.4 TheExtendedDipoleRadiator....................................................174
6.5 TheMagneticDipole..............................................................180
6.6 DevelopingSimpleAnalyticalStructuresforRealDevices.....................185
6.7 DevelopingChannelModels......................................................196
6.8 Summary...........................................................................210
References...............................................................................210
Chapter7:Connectors,Cables,andPowerPlanes ..............................213
7.1 ChanceandCapriceRuletheWorld..............................................213
7.2 PowerDistributionRadiatedEmissions..........................................215
7.3 InvestigatingtheRadiatedEmissionsPotentialsofPowerDistributions
inPackagesandSilicon ...........................................................229
7.4 FurtherInvestigationswithVariousPowerTopologies..........................237
7.4.1 SubstrateNoise.............................................................245
7.5 Summary...........................................................................251
References...............................................................................251
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Contents vii
Chapter8:PassiveMitigationTechniques.......................................253
8.1 Introduction........................................................................253
8.2 PassiveMitigation.................................................................254
8.2.1 Shielding....................................................................254
8.2.2 Absorbers...................................................................276
8.2.3 Layout ......................................................................281
References...............................................................................289
Chapter9:ActiveMitigation ...................................................291
9.1 FrequencyPlanning ...............................................................291
9.2 FrequencyContent ................................................................297
9.2.1 SpreadSpectrumClocking ................................................301
9.3 RadioImprovements ..............................................................305
9.3.1 NoiseEstimation...........................................................306
9.4 ClosingRemarks ..................................................................308
References...............................................................................309
Appendix.......................................................................311
Index ...........................................................................329
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Preface
ThisbookhasbeenwrittenwiththepracticingEMIengineerinmind.Tothatend,wehave
eschewedmuchoftheusualmathematicaldevelopment,providingonlytheaspectsof
theorythatwethinkwillhelptoadvancethestoryandprovideameansforreadersto
developtheirownintuitionsandperspectives.Wherenecessary,wehavelaidoutthe
mathematicsweusedtodevelopourideasandapproaches.Wehaveincludedinthe
appendicesallcodethatweusedtowardmodelbuildingandanalysis.Wehaveprimarily
relieduponMathematica(WolframResearch)andSystemView(Agilent).Weassumethat
somereaderswillusethecodetowritetheirownroutinesinothersystems.
Foralongtime,thisworkhasbeeninpiecemealgestationforbothauthors.Theentire
workcametogetherratherquicklyintheend,andwewishtomakeitclearthatanyerrors
intextarepurelyourown.
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