Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update

1402 Pages·2017·52.528 MB·English

by  Paolo Gresele, Neal S. Kleiman, José A. Lopez, Clive P. Page (eds.)

Paolo Gresele
Neal S. Kleiman
José A. Lopez
Clive P. Page
Editors
Platelets in
Thrombotic and
Non-Thrombotic
Disorders
Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and
Therapeutics: an Update
Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic
Disorders
Paolo Gresele (cid:129) Neal S. Kleiman (cid:129) Jose´ A. Lopez (cid:129)
Clive P. Page
Editors
Platelets in Thrombotic
and Non-Thrombotic
Disorders
Pathophysiology, Pharmacology
and Therapeutics: an Update
Editors
PaoloGresele NealS.Kleiman
DepartmentofMedicine,SectionofInternaland HoustonMethodistHospital
CardiovascularMedicine,UniversityofPerugia Houston,Texas,USA
Perugia,Italy
Jose´A.Lopez CliveP.Page
BloodworksNorthwest,UniversityofWashington SacklerInstofPulmonaryPharmacol,King’s
Seattle,Washington,USA CollegeLondon
London,UnitedKingdom
ISBN978-3-319-47460-1 ISBN978-3-319-47462-5 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-47462-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017935375
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Foreword
When I joined Marc Verstraete’s laboratory as a medical student in 1959, the emphasis
was on hemophilia, vitamin K antagonists as oral anticoagulants, and the development
of thrombolysis. Platelet studies were limited to platelet count, bleeding time, and clot
retraction.Whenanotherwisehealthypatientwithableedingdisorderhadanormalcoagula-
tionprofile,anormalplateletcount,aprolongedbleedingtime,andanabsentclotretraction,
we diagnosed Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia; if, however, in the same setting the clot
retraction was normal, we considered von Willebrand’s disease. How times have changed!
In the 1960s, aggregometry allowed the first functional platelet studies; the inhibitory effect
of some anti-inflammatory agents, in particular aspirin, was discovered, and the first
speculations made about a possible antithrombotic potential of these agents. In the 1970s,
therewasinscientificmeetingsastrictdividebetween“clotters”(studyingcoagulation)and
“clumpers” (studying platelet aggregation); fortunately, this gap gradually narrowed when
it became obvious that platelets are closely involved in physiological coagulation and
that coagulation induces platelet activation. The 1980s saw confirmation of aspirin as
antithrombotic agent; it became a mainstay for the prevention and treatment of arterial
vascular disease. At the same time, new developments in cell biology were being applied
tomegakaryocytesandplatelets.Sincethen,newpathwaysandreceptorshavebeencontinu-
ouslydiscovered;themolecularbasesofnumerouscongenitalthrombocytopeniashavebeen
defined;newplateletinhibitorshavebeendevelopedandevaluatedinclinicalstudies;platelet
inhibition remains crucial despite the continuing progress with vascular stents to combat
arterial disease. Platelets are now recognized to play an important role in inflammation,
angiogenesis,cancer,etc.
So why, in this Internet age, a new book on platelets? Platelet studies are a typical area
where cell biology and clinical practice meet. A book is an ideal site to bring these two
separateworldstogether.Cellbiologistsareinterestedinthepotentialclinicalapplicationof
their findings; clinicians are interested in the biological basis of their treatments; this book
provides all the answers in one place. It now has become impossible to possess the total
knowledgeonplatelets;evenexpertswillbenefitfromabooklikethis.Forstudentsentering
thefield,itprovidesthemwithadauntingbutcomprehensive“stateoftheart,”towhichthey
canhopetoaddnewfindings.
Thefirsteditionofthisbookdatesfrom2002.WhencomparingtheTablesofContents,I
find, besides an update of previously covered topics, many new entries such as the platelet
proteome and transcriptome, CLEC, a new emphasis on neutrophil–platelet interactions,
plateletsascarriersofgeneticmaterialforcelldelivery,orplateletsinregenerativemedicine,
amongseveralothers.
The book now contains 97 chapters. To identify and convince top scientists to
contribute, toput this all together, to elaborate a useful index for search purposes, all this is
v
vi Foreword
a formidable task. I wish to congratulate Paolo Gresele, with whom I shared an exciting
research period and a continuing friendship, Jose´ Lopez, Neil Kleiman, and Clive Page
for this hard work, but, above all, for a very useful achievement, which will bear many
fruitsintheyearstocome.
UniversityofLeuven JosVermylen
Leuven,Belgium
Contents
PartI Physiology
ABriefHistoryofBloodPlatelets:APersonalView. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
MichaelC.Berndt,PatMetharom,andRobertK.Andrews
PhylogenyofBloodPlatelets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
StefaniaMomiandVirojWiwanitkit
PlateletMorphologyandUltrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
HarryF.G.HeijnenandSuzanneJ.A.Korporaal
MegakaryocyteDevelopmentandPlateletProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
JosephE.ItalianoJr.
PlateletHeterogeneity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
ShawnJobe
RegulationofPlateletAdhesionReceptors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
AnaKasirer-FriedeandSanfordJ.Shattil
ThePlateletGlycoproteinIb-IX-VComplex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Jose´ A.Lo´pez
α β (GPIIb/IIIa)StructureandFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
IIb 3
JoelS.Bennett
GPVI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
YacineBoulaftali,BenoitHoTinNoe´,MartineJandrot-Perrus,
andPierreH.Mangin
TheRoleofCLEC-2inandBeyondtheVasculature. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
JulieRayes,AlexanderT.Hardy,StephanieE.Lombard, SamanthaJ.Montague,
SteveP.Watson,andKateL.Lowe
AnatomyofthePlateletCytoskeleton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Herve´ Falet
PlateletProteomicsanditsApplicationstoStudyPlatelet-Related
Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
MichelaDiMichele,KrisGevaert,andKathleenFreson
ThePlateletPARs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
AmalArachicheandMarvinT.Nieman
TheP2Receptors. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . 187
Be´atriceHechlerandChristianGachet
PlateletProstanoidsandtheirreceptors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
SusanneFriesandTiloGrosser
vii
viii Contents
PlateletGenomics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
ZongdongLi,DmitriV.Gnatenko,andWadieF.Bahou
ThePlateletTranscriptome:CodingRNAs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
JesseW.Rowley,BhanuKanthManne,andAndrewS.Weyrich
NoncodingRNAsinPlateletBiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
LeonardC.EdelsteinandPaulF.Bray
ImplicationsofPlateletRNAtoVascularHealthandDisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
LaurenClancyandJaneE.Freedman
GTPases. .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 263
LuciaStefanini,RobertH.Lee,andWolfgangBergmeier
PlateletSignalling:Calcium. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 285
AlanG.S.HarperandStewartO.Sage
PlateletSignaling:ProteinPhosphorylation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
SatyaP.Kunapuli,DheerajBhavanasi,JohnC.Kostyak,andBhanuKanthManne
PlateletAdhesion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
ElizabethE.GardinerandRobertK.Andrews
PlateletShapeChange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
JosephE.Aslan
TheMigrationofPlateletsandtheirInteractionwithOther
MigratingCells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
EleonoraPetito,StefaniaMomi,andPaoloGresele
PlateletSecretion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
RobertFlaumenhaft
ASystemsApproachtothePlateletSignalingNetworkandtheHemostatic
ResponsetoInjury.. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . 367
LawrenceF.Brass,PeisongMa,MaurizioTomaiuolo,ScottL.Diamond,
andTimothyJ.Stalker
Platelet-DerivedMicroparticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
SylvieCointe,RomaricLacroix,andFranc¸oiseDignat-George
PlateletInteractionswiththeBloodVesselWall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
BradleyA.MaronandJosephLoscalzo
Platelet–LeukocyteInteractions. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 407
VirgilioEvangelista,LiciaTotani,AngeloA.Manfredi,andNormaMaugeri
TheRoleofPlateletsinLymphangiogenesisandNeoangiogenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
KatsueSuzuki-InoueandToshiakiShirai
PlateletsandCoagulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
JohanW.M.Heemskerk,JudithM.E.M.Cosemans,andPaolaE.J.vanderMeijden
PlateletsandFibrinolysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
MarioColucci,NicolaSemeraro,andFabrizioSemeraro
PlateletsandImmunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
IngridSlabaandPaulKubes
Contents ix
PlateletsinNeurologicalDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
IlariaCanobbio,GianniF.Guidetti,andMauroTorti
TheRoleofPlateletsDuringDevelopmentandReproduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
ShreyKohliandBerendIsermann
Platelet-DerivedInhibitorsofPlateletActivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
A.J.Unsworth,A.P.Bye,andJ.M.Gibbins
PartII Methodology
PlateletFunctionTests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
MarieLordkipanidze´ andPaulHarrison
PlateletCountingandMeasurementofPlateletDimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
PatriziaNorisandCarloZaninetti
FlowCytometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
CeciliaCarubbi,ElenaMasselli,andMarcoVitale
PlateletAggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
CatherineP.M.HaywardandKarenA.Moffat
PlateletSecretion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
AndreasWersa¨ll,EwelinaM.Golebiewska,andAlastairW.Poole
PlateletActivationUnderConditionsofFlow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
PhilipG.deGrootandRolfT.Urbanus
InVivoImagingofThrombosisandHemostasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
AnilK.Chauhan
MonitoringofAntiplateletTherapy. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 671
UdayaS.Tantry,AungMyat,andPaulA.Gurbel
MouseModelsofThrombosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
DeyaCherpokovaandBernhardNieswandt
Next-GenerationSequencingintheStudyofPlatelets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
VincenzoC.Leo
Contents for Volume 2
PartIII Pathology:HemostaticDisorders
ApproachtothePatientwithPlatelet-RelatedBleeding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
DiegoMezzanoandJaimePereira
InheritedThrombocytopenias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727
CarloL.Balduini,FedericaMelazzini,andAlessandroPecci
ImmuneThrombocytopenia:WhereAreWeNow?. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 749
NicholaCooperandJamesBussel
FetalandNeonatalAlloimmuneThrombocytopenia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
Ge´raldBertrandandCe´cileKaplan
Drug-InducedThrombocytopenia:Pathogenesis,Diagnosisand
Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771
BengH.ChongandJamesJ.-H.Chong
Heparin-InducedThrombocytopenia. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789
AndreasGreinacher,TamamBakchoul,AdamCuker,
andTheodore(Ted)E.Warkentin
ThrombocytopeniainPregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
ShrutiChaturvediandKeithR.McCrae
ThrombocytopeniaintheNewborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825
RobertCarr,TimothyWatts,andCatherineRea
ThrombocytopeniainPatientswithSolidTumorsorHematologic
Malignancies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
CarolineI.PiatekandHowardA.Liebman
ThromboticThrombocytopenicPurpuraandHemolyticUremicSyndrome. . . . . 851
JohannaA.KremerHovinga
ThrombocytosisandEssentialThrombocythaemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873
SamahAlimamandClaireN.Harrison
PlateletAdhesiveProteinDefectDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887
ShinjiKunishimaandHirokazuKashiwagi
DefectsofSolubleAgonists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
MarcoCattaneo
DefectsofPlateletGranulesandSecretion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917
BarbaraZieger
DefectsofPlateletSignalTransduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923
BinggangXiangandZhenyuLi
xi