PLANTAGO CORONOPUS (PLANTAGINACEAE) NEW TO TEXAS

3 Pages·1998·1.3 MB·English

by  Robert J O'kennon

356 SiDA18(1)
PLANTAGOCORONOPUS(PLANTAGINACEAE)NEWTOTEXAS
PlantagocoronopusL,,nativetoEuropeandtheMediterraneanarea(Chater
&Carrier1976),wasreportedasnaturalizedinCalifornia(Dempster1993).
IntheeasternUnitedStatesithasbeenvariouslydescribedasrarelyadven-
tiveonballastheapsatseaports(Gleason1952),occurringsporadicallyabout
portswithoutpersisting(Fernald1950),andasarepeatedintroductionin
ballastthatdoesnotbecomeestablished(Gleason&Cronquist 1991)- It
wasnotreportedinstandardflorasofthesoutheasternUnitedStates(e.g.,
Small 1913;Radfordetal. 1968),orintheflorasofMissouri(Steyermark
1963),NewMexico(Martin&Hutchins1981),GreatPlains(McGregor&
Brooks1986),Arkansas(Smith1994),Oklahoma(Taylor&Taylor1994),
orTexas(Correll&Johnston1970).Itwasalsonotincludedinmorerecent
worksonTexasplantssuchasHatchetal.(1990)orJonesetal.(1997),nor
wasitlistedbyRosatti(1984)inhistreatmentofPlantaginaceaeforthe
GenericFloraoftheSoutheasternUnitedStates.
AspartofthecollectingeffortfortheforthcomingShinmrs&Mahler's
IllustratedFloraofNorthCentralTexas(Diggsetal.,forthcoming),acollec-
tionmadein 1998inFortWorth(TarrantCounty)isapparentlythefirst
documentedoccurrenceofthisspeciesforTexas.
Voucherspecimen:TEXAS.TarrantCo.:weedyareainlandscape,301Cresrwood,Fort
Worth,24May1998,O'Keumm14221(BRIT),
Atthecollectionlocalitynumerousindividualswereobservedaslandscape
weedsandotherindividualswereobservedinnearbyweedyareas.Themode
ofintroductionisunclear,butseedswerepossiblyintroducedwithlandscape
plants.Introductioncouldalsohaveoccurredthroughspreadfromintentional
cultivation.Since1997,seedsoiPlantagocoronopushavebeenofferedbyJohnny's
SelectedSeedCompanyforthespecialtysaladgreenmarketunderthename
"Minutina"or"ErbaStella"and,untilrecently,seedsweresoldbytheOrna-
mentalEdiblesSeedCompanyasan"ediblelandscapeplant."Othernorth
centralTexaspopulationshavenotbeenfoundanditisunclearwhetherthe
specieswillbecomemorewidelyestablished.However,someindividualswere
veryrobust,withonehaving65inflorescences.Also,thespeciesisself-com-
patible(Deldenetal.1992)andistoleranttodrought,soilcompaction,and
competition(Mooketal. 1992).Theseedsarehighlyviableandgerminate
wellinsoilswithlowmoisturecontent(Blom 1992).
Thisspecies,commonlyknownasbuck-hornplantain,differsfromall
otherplantainsoccurringinTexasinhavingdeeplypinnatelylobedleaves,
shorthairsonthecorollatubes,and3-orl-locularcapsules.Othermem-
bersofthegenusoccurringinthestatehaveleavesentireorwithfewteeth
orshallowlobes,corollatubesglabrous,and2-locularcapsules.
SiDA18(1):356. 199<S
Notes 357
Fig.1.HabitofPiantagocorunopus(withpermissionfromGleason1952).
Plantagocoronopus(Fig. 1)canberecognizedbythefollowingdescrip-
tion(Butcher196l;Gleason1952;Chater&Carrier1976;Dempster1993;
Rahn 1996): Pubescentannualorbiennialwithataprootandleavesina
basalrosette;leavescloselyspreadingonthegroundorascending,linearto
lanceolateinoutline,4—25 cmlong,withspreading-ascending,acute, ±
linearlobes,thelobessometimestoothedorlobed;inflorescencessometimes
numerous,5—50cmlongincludingtheleafless,denselyhairypeduncleterminated
byanarrowlycylindric,densespiketoca.12.5cmlong;bractsusuallynot
surpassingtheflowers,broadlyscarious-marginedatbase,thekeelprolonged
intoanacuminatetip;corollatubescoveredwithshorthairs;petalsacute;
stamens4;capsules3-or4-locular;seeds3—5percapsule,dimorphic,one
perlocule,ca. 1.5 mmlong,andonesmallerthantheothers,ca.0.5 mm
long,occurringinanuppercompartmentintheovaryontheabaxialside;
—floweringlateApr—Sep.
RobertJ. O'Kennon. BotanicalResearchInstituteofTexas, 509PecanStreet,
Ft. Worth, TX76102, U.S.A., [email protected];GeorgeM. Diggs,Jr., De-
partmentofBiology,AustinCollege,Sherman,Texas73090, U.S.A.&Botanical
ResearchInstituteofTexas,[email protected];andRonaldK.Hoggard,Department
ofBiology,UniversityofCentralOklahoma,Edmond,[email protected].
SioA18(1):357.1998
358 SiDA18(1)
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