Table Of ContentPlant Stress Mitigators
Types, Techniques and Functions
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
Plant Stress Mitigators
Types, Techniques and Functions
Edited by
Mansour Ghorbanpour
Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
Arak University, Arak, Iran
Muhammad Adnan Shahid
Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida/IFAS,
North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL, United States
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier
125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom
525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates
50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates
TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom
Copyright©2023ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,including
photocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementswith
organizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.
elsevier.com/permissions.
ThisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythePublisher(otherthanasmaybe
notedherein).
Notices
Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroadenourunderstanding,
changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary.
Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingandusinganyinformation,
methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheir
ownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility.
Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeanyliabilityforanyinjury
and/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationof
anymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein.
ISBN:978-0-323-89871-3
ForInformationonallAcademicPresspublications
visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals
Publisher:NikkiP.Levy
AcquisitionsEditor:NancyMaragioglio
EditorialProjectManager:LindsayLawrence
ProductionProjectManager:BharatwajVaratharajan
CoverDesigner:VictoriaPearson
TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India
Dedication
Dedicated to:
Professor Majid Samii, a distinguished Iranian neurosurgeon and medical
scientist. He has been the president of the International Society for
Neurosurgery and named as the “top world neurosurgeon.”
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
Contents
Listofcontributors xv 2.8 Indirectmechanisms 38
2.8.1 Antifungalmetabolites 38
1. Approaches in stress mitigation of 2.8.2 Biosurfactants(surface-active
plants 1 compounds) 39
2.8.3 Siderophores 39
GyanaRanjanRout,KundanRajpalsinghJadhao,
2.8.4 Cellwalldegradingenzymes 40
SurabhikaPandaandRinnySwain
2.8.5 Inductionofsystemicresistance 41
2.9 Improvementofgrowthandbiocontrol
1.1 Introduction 1
ofsoilbornediseasesusingantagonist
1.2 Abioticstressmitigation 2
fungi 42
1.2.1 Droughtstressandmitigation 5
2.10 Summaryofmechanicsemployedby
1.2.2 Salinitystressandmitigation 8
antagonistfungiasgrowthpromoters
1.2.3 Temperaturestressandmitigation 9
andbiocontrolagents 43
1.2.4 Metalstressandmitigation 10
2.10.1 Competitionefficientlyforspace 43
1.2.5 Submergencestressandmitigation 11
2.10.2 Productionofmetabolites 44
1.2.6 Coldstressandmitigation 12
1.3 Bioticstressmitigation 14 2.10.3 Rootcolonization 44
2.11 Improvementofgrowthand
1.4 Conclusionsandfutureperspectives 16
References 17 biocontrolofsoilbornediseasesby
meansofVAMfungi 45
2. Biocontrol: a novel eco-friendly 2.12 Summaryofmechanicsemployedby
mitigation strategy to manage VAMfungiasgrowthpromotersand
plant diseases 27 biocontrolagents 46
2.13 “Combination”thebestwayto
MahtabOmidvari,PaymanAbbaszadeh-Dahaji,
biocontroloftheplantdiseases 46
MehrnazHatamiandKhalilKariman
2.14 Conclusionsandfuturestrategiesto
2.1 Introduction 27 makebetteruseofbiocontrolagents 47
2.2 Mechanismsofbiologicalcontroland References 49
biologicalantagonists 29
2.3 Therhizosphereisahabitatfor
microorganisms 29 3. Salicylic acid induced abiotic
2.4 Improvementofgrowthandbiocontrol stress tolerance in plants 57
ofsoilbornediseasesusingPGPRs 30
MuhammadFasihKhalid,MuhammadShahzad
2.5 Advantagesandlimitations 31
Saleem,IqraZakir,RashidIqbalKhan,
2.6 Summaryofmechanismsemployedby
MuhammadSohail,ShaghefEjaz,
PGPRasgrowthpromotersand
MuhammadAkbarAnjum,SamreenSabir,
biocontrolagents 31
SajidAli,ShakeelAhmadandSajjadHussain
2.7 Directmechanisms 32
2.7.1 Productionofplantgrowth 3.1 Introduction 57
regulators(phytohormones) 3.2 Salicylicacidandabioticstresses 58
byPGPR 32 3.3 Salicylicacidanddrought 58
2.7.2 Biologicalnitrogenfixation 35 3.4 Salicylicacidandwaterlogging 59
2.7.3 Phosphatesolubilization 36 3.5 Salicylicacidandheavymetals 59
2.7.4 Rootcolonizationandrhizosphere 3.6 Salicylicacidandlowtemperature 60
competence 36 3.7 Salicylicacidandhightemperature 61
vii
viii Contents
3.8 Salicylicacidandsalinity 62 5. Germination and seedling
3.9 Conclusions 63 establishment of useful tropical
References 63 trees for ecological restoration:
implications for conservation:
4. Salicylic acid mediated postharvest
The ecologyof tropical tree seedling 87
chilling and disease stress
tolerance in horticultural crops 69 RizwanaKhanum
5.1 Introduction 87
SajidAli,MuhammadAkbarAnjum,
5.2 Externalfactors 88
SamiUllah,AamirNawaz,ShaghefEjazand
5.2.1 Light 88
GhulamKhaliq
5.2.2 Temperatureandmoisture 90
4.1 Introduction 69 5.2.3 Soiltypes/soilpreferences 91
4.2 Postharvestchillinginjury(CI)stressin 5.3 Internalfactors 91
freshhorticulturalcrops 70 5.3.1 Seedstructureandseedgermination 91
4.3 FactorsaffectingCIdevelopmentin 5.3.2 Seedmaturityanddormancy 92
horticulturalcrops 70 5.4 Implicationsforconservationof
4.3.1 Maturitystage 70 tropicaltrees 94
4.3.2 Genotypes 71 References 95
4.3.3 Storagetemperature 71
4.3.4 Storageduration 71
6. Soil health and plant stress
4.3.5 Storageconditions 71
mitigation 99
4.4 EffectsofCIonqualityofhorticultural
crops 72 MisbahNaz,Rau´lCarlosLo´pez-Sa´nchez,
4.4.1 EffectofCIonbiochemical LauraOliviaFuentes-Lara,
quality 72 MarcelinoCabrera-DelaFuenteand
4.4.2 EffectofCIonsensoryattributes 72 AdalbertoBenavides-Mendoza
4.4.3 EffectofCIonvisualquality 72
6.1 Theconceptofsoilhealth 99
4.4.4 EffectofCIonaromavolatiles 72
6.2 Theimpactofagricultureonsoil
4.5 PostharveststrategiesforCImitigation 73
health 102
4.6 EffectofsalicylicacidonCImitigation
6.3 Soilhealthandbiodiversity 104
inhorticulturalcrops 73
6.4 Soilhealth,biodiversity,andplant
4.7 MechanismofsalicylicacidinCI
stress 107
mitigation 75
6.5 Conclusion 110
4.8 Salicylicacidandpostharvestdisease
References 110
stresstoleranceofhorticulturalcrops 77
4.8.1 Diseasesinducedpostharvest
7. Salicylic acid and ascorbic acid as
lossesofhorticulturalcrops 77
4.8.2 Salicylicacidanditspossible mitigators of chilling stress in
mechanismfordiseasecontrol 77 plants 115
4.9 Postharvestdiseasescontrolwithsole
MahmoudEl-BazYounis,
salicylicacidtreatments 79
MohammedNagibAbdel-GhanyHasaneenand
4.9.1 Preharvestsolesalicylicacid
HebaMahmoudMohammadAbdel-Aziz
applications 79
4.9.2 Postharvestsolesalicylicacid 7.1 Introduction 115
treatments 79 7.2 Physiologicalandbiochemical
4.9.3 Combinedapplicationofsalicylic effectsofchillingstress 115
acidandotherchemicalsfor 7.3 Physiologicalandbiochemical
diseasecontrol 79 effectsofadaptive(protective)
4.9.4 Combinedapplicationofsalicylic compounds 118
acidwithbiocontrolagentsfor 7.3.1 Salicylicacid 119
diseasecontrol 80 7.3.2 Ascorbicacid 120
4.10 Conclusionandfutureprospects 81 7.4 Conclusion 121
References 81 References 122
Contents ix
8. Role of glycine betaine in the 10.3 Proline 174
protection of plants against 10.3.1 Prolinebiosyntheticpathways 174
environmental stresses 127 10.3.2 Theprolinefunctionsin
resistancetostress 174
Nikoleta-KleioDenaxa,AthanasiosTsafouros, 10.3.3 Reactiveoxygenspecies
EfstathiosNtanosandPeterA.Roussos scavenging 177
10.4 Effectofsugarsonanaccumulation
8.1 Introduction 127
ofproline 177
8.2 Efficacyofglycinebetaineapplication
10.5 Prolineandabioticstress 178
againsttemperatureandhigh
10.5.1 Drought 178
irradiancestress 129
10.5.2 Salinity 178
8.3 Efficacyofglycinebetaineapplication
10.5.3 Heatandchillingstress 179
againstdroughtstress 135
10.5.4 Heavymetalstress 179
8.4 Efficacyofglycinebetaineapplication
10.6 Conclusions 179
againstsalinitystress 141
References 180
8.5 Efficacyofglycinebetaineapplication
againstheavymetalstoxicitystress 145
11. Switching role of hydrogen sulfide
8.6 Efficacyofglycinebetaineapplication
in amelioration of metal stress in
againstwaterloggingandflooding 149
plant 187
References 149
RahulDilawari,SahilMehta,
9. Effects of plant growth regulators BaljinderSinghandVimalPandey
on physiological and phytochemical
11.1 Introduction 187
parameters in medicinal plants
11.2 Hydrogensulfidekeyregulatory
under stress conditions 159
moleculeduringstresseventsinplants 188
11.3 Hydrogensulfidesynthesis 189
HamidMohammadi,SaeidHazratiand
11.4 Hydrogensulfidewitheffectof
MehrnazHatami
priminginplantcells 189
9.1 Introduction 159 11.5 Hydrogensulfideincuringvarietyof
9.2 Plantgrowthregulatorseffectson metalstressandtoxicityindifferent
plantperformance 159 plantspecieswithdifferentparts 191
9.3 Effectofplantgrowthregulatoron 11.6 Arsenic 194
medicinalplants 163 11.7 Aluminum 194
9.4 Conclusions 164 11.8 Boron 194
References 164 11.9 Cadmium 194
11.10 Chromium 195
10. Proline and soluble carbohydrates 11.11 Cobalt 195
biosynthesis and their roles in 11.12 Copper 195
plants under abiotic stresses 169 11.13 Lead 195
11.14 Nickel 195
SoheylaMohammadiAlagoz,
11.15 Zinc 196
BehnamAsgariLajayerand
11.16 Conclusions 196
MansourGhorbanpour
References 196
10.1 Introduction 169 Furtherreading 199
10.2 Carbohydrates 170
12. PGPR reduces the adverse effects
10.2.1 Theroleofsoluble
of abiotic stresses by modulating
carbohydratesinplantsgrowth
morphological and biochemical
anddevelopment 170
10.2.2 Sucrosemetabolization 170 properties in plants 201
10.2.3 Accumulationofsolublesugars
MahmoodMaleki,FoadFatehiand
asastrategyforresistanceto
MansourGhorbanpour
abioticstresses 172
10.2.4 Correlationbetweenabiotic 12.1 Introduction 201
stressfactorsandsugarsinplants 173 12.2 Abioticstress 202
