Plant Speciation

576 Pages·2020·40.215 MB·English

by  Verne Grant

PLANT SPECIATION
OTHER BOOKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR
Natural History of the Phlox Family (1959)
The Origin of Adaptations (J 963)
The Architecture of the Germplasm (¡964 )
Flower Pollination in the Phlox Family. With Karen A. Grant (1965)
Hummingbirds and Their Flowers. With Karen A. Grant (1968)
Genetics of Flowering Plants (1975)
Organismic Evolution (1977)
Plant
Speciation
Verne Grant
SECOND EDITION
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW YORK 1981
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Grant, Veme.
Plant speciation.
Bibliography: p. 00
Includes index.
1. Plants—Evolution. 2. Species.
I. Title.
QH368.5.G7 1981 581.3'8 81-6159
ISBN 0-231 -05112-3 AACR2
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW YORK GUILDFORD, SURREY
COPYRIGHT © 1971, 1981 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper.
This book is dedicated
to
George Gaylord Simpson

Contents
Preface xi
Part One. Populations and Races
1. Plant Reproduction 3
2. Local Races 18
3. Geographical Races 30
Part Two. The Nature of Species
4. The Biological Species 45
5. Species Units in Uniparental Plants 64
6. The Species Situation in Plants 70
7. Types of Species 77
Part Three. Genetic and Ecological Aspects of Species
8. The Genetic Basis of Species Differences 97
9. Isolating Mechanisms 111
viii Contents
10. Ecological Interactions 118
11. Patterns of Fertility Relationships 124
Part Four. Evolutionary Divergence
12. Modes of Speciation 149
13. Primary Speciation 153
14. Chromosome Repatterning in Speciation 170
15. Selection for Reproductive Isolation 178
Part Five. Natural Hybridization and its Products
16. Natural Hybridization 193
17. Introgression 205
18. The Syngameon 234
19. Hybrid Speciation 242
20. Recombinational Speciation 256
21. Hyrbrid Complexes 272
Part Six. Polyploidy
22. Polyploidy: Range and Frequency 283
23. Types of Polyploids 298
24. Factors Promoting Polyploidy 307
25. The Polyploid Complex 324
26. Natural Autopolyploids 347
Part Seven. Aneuploidy
27. Aneuploidy 357
28. Agmatoploidy 369
Contents ix
Part Eight. Specialized Genetic Systems
29. Permanent Translocation Heterozygosity 379
30. Permanent Odd Polyploidy 401
31. Agamospermy 413
32. The Agamic Complex 434
33. Vegetative Propagation of Hybrids 462
34. Natural Triploids 473
Part Nine. Conclusions
35. Species and Macroevolution 481
Bibliography 489
Organism Index 541
Author Index 553
Subject Index 561