Plant pest risk analysis : concepts and application

323 Pages·2012·4.817 MB·English

by  Christina Devorshak

Plant Pest Risk Analysis
Concepts and Application
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Plant Pest Risk Analysis
Concepts and Application
Edited by
Christina Devorshak
CABI is a trading name of CAB International
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be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically,
by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,
London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Plant pest risk analysis : concepts and application / C. Devorshak, ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-78064-036-5 (alk. paper)
1. Plants, Protection of. 2. Risk assessment. 3. Insect pests--Control.
4. Agricultural pests--Control. I. Devorshak, Christina, 1969-
SB950.P55 2012
628.9'6--dc23
2012025556
ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 03(cid:25) 5
Commissioning editor: Rachel Cutts
Editorial assistant: Chris Shire
Production editor: Simon Hill
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India.
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY.
Contents
Contributors vii
Acknowledgements ix
PART I: PEST RISK ANALYSIS BACKGROUND AND HISTORY
1. Introduction 3
2. Basic Concepts in Risk Analysis 7
3. History of Plant Quarantine and the Use of Risk Analysis 19
4. International Legal and Regulatory Framework for Risk Analysis 29
PART II: PEST RISK ANALYSIS – COMPONENTS AND APPLICATIONS
5. Terminology Used in Pest Risk Analysis 45
6. Information and Pest Risk Analysis 57
7. Economic Analysis in Pest Risk Analysis 65
8. Types and Applications of Pest Risk Analysis 83
PART III: PEST RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS
9. Qualitative Methods 97
10. Quantitative Methods 119
11. Pest Risk Assessment 135
12. Mapping, Climate and Geographic Information for Risk Analysis 151
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vi Contents
PART IV: P EST RISK MANAGEMENT, RISK COMMUNICATION
AND UNCERTAINTY
13. Pest Risk Management Theory and Background 167
14. Pest Risk Management Applications and Practice 179
15. Risk Communication in Pest Risk Analysis 199
16. Uncertainty in Pest Risk Analysis 209
PART V: SPECIAL TOPICS FOR PEST RISK ANALYSIS
17. Special Applications of Pest Risk Analysis – Beneficial Organisms 225
18. Special Applications of Pest Risk Analysis – Weed Risk Assessment 237
19. Appropriate Level of Protection, Precaution and Jurisprudence 257
20. Invasive Species and Living Modified Organisms 269
Acronyms 281
Glossary 283
Index 289
Contributors
Chapter 2: Robert Griffin ([email protected])
Chapter 7: Lottie Erikson ([email protected])
Chapter 10: Robert Griffin
Chapter 11:Christina Devorshak ([email protected]) and Alison
Neeley ([email protected])
Chapter 12:Glenn Fowler ([email protected]) and Yu Takeuchi (Yu.
[email protected])
Chapter 13: Robert Griffin and Alison Neeley
Chapter 14: Robert Griffin
Chapter 15: Alison Neeley and Christina Devorshak
Chapter 16: Robert Griffin
Chapter 17:Stephanie Bloem ([email protected]) and Kenneth Bloem
([email protected])
Chapter 18: Anthony Koop ([email protected])
Chapter 19: Robert Griffin
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Acknowledgements
This text represents the team effort of many individuals and colleagues from the USDA
APHIS PPQ CPHST Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory (PERAL). They have
served as authors, contributors, reviewers, editors and sources of information. Between
them, they are experts in economics, climate and mapping, entomology, plant pathology,
weed science, botany, risk analysis, international trade and international development.
They are practising pest risk analysts, working on projects as diverse as developing predic-
tive models for pest spread, to economic models on pest impacts, to developing interna-
tional guidance on pest risk analysis.
Together, they bring years of experience in pest risk analysis from different back-
grounds – including working in the US Department of Agriculture, the International
Atomic Energy Agency, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the
International Plant Protection Convention and as faculty at universities – with expertise
in areas as diverse as international standards development to biological, economic and
climate modelling in risk analysis. As a group, they have been active in educating stu-
dents and plant protection professionals on various aspects of pest risk analysis at univer-
sities and professional workshops, both nationally and internationally. Their expertise
and contributions to this text were of immeasurable value and I am grateful to them for
their time and efforts in contributing chapters to this text.
In addition to the significant efforts of the authors listed above, many others assisted
with the production of this text. I am grateful to Robert Griffin for donating not only his
own time and expertise, but that of many of his staff in PERAL as writers, reviewers, experts
and editors. Lucy Reid,1 the PERAL librarian, tracked down valuable resources for the writ-
ers and always managed to come through for us. Tara Holtz,1 Alison Neeley, Ashley Jackson,1
Lottie Erikson, Glenn Fowler and Stephanie Bloem all provided reviews and inputs during
various stages of the development of this work.
Much of the material that served as the basis for this book came from PERAL’s flagship
course, ‘Risk Analysis 101’ – the materials for that course having been developed over the
past six years. In teaching that course, I always learned just as much from the students as
I have taught them. It is thanks to their valuable suggestions for improvements to course
materials that PERAL has developed one of the best pest risk analysis training courses
available – which in turn served as the inspiration and basis for this book.
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