Table Of ContentProceedings in Life Sciences
Plant Growth
Substances 1985
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference
on Plant Growth Substances,
Held at Heidelberg, August 26-31,1985
Edited by Martin Bopp
With 135 Figures
Springer-¥eriag
Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Professor Dr. MARTIN Bopp
Botanisches Institut der Universitat
1m Neuenheimer Feld 360
6900 Heidelberg, FRG
ISBN-I3: 978-3-642-71020-9 e-ISBN-I3: 978-3-642-71018-6
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-71018-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. International Conference on Plant Growth
Substances (12th: 1985:Heidelberg, Germany). Plant growth substances 1985. (proceedings in
life sciences). Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Plant hormones-Congresses. 2. Plant
regulators-Congresses. I. Bopp, Martin, 1923- . II. Title. III. Series. QK731.155 1985
581.3 86-10219.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material
is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting,
reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54
of the German Copyright Law, where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable
to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich.
© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the
absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
Offsetprinting and bookbinding: Briihlsche Universitiitsdruckerei, Giessen
2131/3130-543210
Preface
The 12th International Conference on Plant Growth Substances
was held from 26th to 31st August 1985 in Heidelberg, F.R.G.,
under the auspices of the IPGSA (International Plant Growth Sub
stances Association) and the University of Heidelberg in its 599th year.
As many as 750 participants from 40 countries all over the world
attended the conference, including guests and staff members of the
local organizers. Fine days provided an excellent background for a
fruitful and pleasant meeting and all the activities accompanying
the scientific programme. During the conference all current aspects
concerning growth substances were treated. Altogether the par
ticipants presented 207 oral reports organized in four parallel sessions
and about 300 posters, for which 2 hours' poster sessions were reserved
each day. The conference gained in perspective from the arrangement
of five workshops in which special aspects and the most recent results
could be presented by specialists in the particular fields. The topics
of the workshop were: actual methods of hormone detection (orga
nizer H. Kende), auxin transport (organizer R. Hertel), growth sub
stances and tumour formation (organizer J. Schroder), evolution
of the hormone system (organizer W. Jacobs) and problems of ap
plication (organizer J. Jung). The abstracts of all presentations were
collected in a Book of Abstracts available during the conference,
giving a rough surveY of the whole field of plant growth substances
in its present state.
The present volume of Proceedings in the Life Sciences series
follows two volumes from earlier meetings (1976, 1979), and should
be used as a guideline to the development of research in growth
substances. It contains all invited lectures, including the reports
from the workshops. To cover the many different aspects, the con
tributions of the meeting were divided into 23 sections, for each of
which one main speaker was invited. Therefore we hope that no
important aspect has been totally neglected, even if certain chapters
may be missing. Questions of hormone receptor substances are, for
example, not the subject of active research at the moment, and we
have omitted this aspect. Also the mechanisms of hormone effects -
how the hormones do their job - is with few exceptions almost
completely unkown and even some of these exceptions, like auxin
VI Preface
effects on elongation, have recently been questioned. The organiza
tion of the volume does not follow the time schedule of the confer
ence, but is composed so that related topics are treated in one chapter.
The lectures of the workshops are included in the relevant chapters.
It is, of course, impossible to arrange all contributions in a completely
homogeneous way. Nevertheless, we hope that the book may serve as
a source of information in the field of plant hormones.
It is a great pleasure for me to express my thanks to all the speak
ers who have prepared their manuscripts for this volume; to all mem
bers of the local organization committee for their help before and
during the conference: Dr. B. Knoop, Dr. W. Rademacher and
Dr. B. Zbell; Prof. I. Essigmann-Capesius, who organized the enter
tainment; Dr. G. Bopp-Hassenkamp and Mrs. H. Knoop, responsible
for the Ladies' Programme. Many members of the staff of the Bo
tanical Institute worked hard to prepare the conference and its
smooth organization, above all, my secretary Mrs. B. Nickel.
The conference would not have been such a success without the
financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Land
Baden-Wtirttemberg, the P.F. Saunders Memorial Fund and the
following organizations: Amersham Buchler GmbH & Co. KG, Braun
schweig; ARCO Solar, Inc., California; BASF, Ludwigshafen; Bayer
AG, Leverkusen; Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim; Celamerck
GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim/Rhein; Ciba-Geigy AG, Division AGRO,
Basel; FESPP (Federation of European Societies of Plant PhYSio
logy); Hoechst AG, Frankfurt; Kali und Salz AG, Kassel; Schering
AG, Berlin; F. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg; Union Carbide Agri
cultural Products Company, Inc., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
27709, USA.
Finally I wish to express my gratitude to the members of Springer
Verlag for their support during the preparation of this volume.
Heidelberg, June 1986 MARTINBOPP
Contents
Plant Cell Responses and the Role of Growth Substances
P.F. Wareing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
I. Methods
The Use of Immunological Techniques in Plant Hormone Analysis
A. Crozier, G. Sandberg, A.M. Monteiro, and B. Sundberg
(With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l3
Immunoassays for the Quantitation of Plant Growth Regulators
Using Monoclonal Antibodies
E.W. Weiler, J. Eberle, and R. Mertens ................. 22
Immunoassays for Plant Growth Regulators -
A Help or a Hindrance?
T.L. Wang, P. Griggs, and S. Cook (With 6 Figures) . . . . . . . .. 26
Validation of Immunoassays
W.L. Pengelly (With 6 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35
Immunoaffmity Columns for the Isolation and Analysis of Plant
Hormones
G.C. Davis, M.B. Hein, D.A. Chapman, B.C. Neely, C.R. Sharp,
R.C. Durley, D.K. Biest, B.R. Heyde, and M.G. Carnes
(With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 44
II. Hormones: Synthesis, Metabolism and Biochemistry
Dwarf Mutants in Maize - The Gibberellin Biosynthetic Pathway
and its Molecular Future
B.O. Phinney, M. Freeling, D.s. Robertson, C.R. Spray, and
J. Silverthorne (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 55
VIII Contents
Gibberellins: Structure-Activity Relationships and the Design
of Molecular Probes
M.H. Beale, R. Hooley, and J. MacMillan (With 9 Figures). . . .. 65
Gibberellin Biosynthesis from Gibberellin A12 -Aldehyde
J.E. Graebe (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74
Biosynthetic and Metabolic Aspects of Auxins
R.S. Bandurski, A. Schulze, and D.M. Reinecke
(With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 83
Cytokinin Biosynthesis and Metabolism
R. Horgan (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92
The Nomenclature of Abscisic Acid and its Metabolites
G.L. Boyer, B.V. Milborrow, P.F. Wareing, and J.A.D. Zeevaart . 99
Metabolism of Abscisic Acid
J.A.D. Zeevaart, G.L. Boyer, K. Cornish, and R.A. Creelman
(With 1 Figure). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101
The Shapes of Abscisic Acid and the Active Site
B.V. Milborrow (With 6 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 108
Enzymes of Ethylene Biosynthesis
H. Kende, A.B. Bleecker, W.H. Kenyon, and R.G. Mayne
(With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 120
Chemistry, Physiology and Agricultural Application of
Brassinolide and Related Steroids
T. Yokota and N. Takahashi (With 1 Figure) .. . . . . . . . . . .. 129
Plant Growth Substances of Plant and Microbial Origin
G. Sembdner and D. Gross (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139
III. Hormones: Mechanism
Plant Growth Substances and the Ionic Permeability
of Membranes
M.F. Hipkins and J.R. Hillman (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . .. 151
Ca2 +: Calmodulin Phytohormone-Linked Plant Senescence
Control
Y.Y. Leshem, M. Freud-Silverberg, J. Wurzburger, G. Bar-Nes,
Z. Malik, and Y. Langsam (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 159
Contents IX
Phytohormones and Gene Expression
B. Parthier (With 2 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 169
Enzymes of Auxin and Cytokinin Biosynthesis Encoded
in Ti Plasmids
J. Schroder, I. Buchmann, and G. Schroder (With 3 Figures) . .. 177
Cytokinin Biosynthetic Genes and Enzymes from Agrobacterium
tumefaciens and other Plant-Associated Procaryotes
R.O. Morris, G.K. Powell, J.S. Beaty, R.C. Durley, N.G. Hommes,
L. Lica, and E.M.S. MacDonald (With 8 Figures). . . . . . . . . .. 185
The Evolution of Polar Transport Models, and some Possibilities
for the Regulation of Auxin Carriers
P.H. Rubery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 197
Roles of Transport and Binding in the Specific ~pH-Dependent
Accumulation of Auxin by Zucchini Membrane Vesicles
K.A. Clark and M.H.M. Goldsmith (With 4 Figures). . . . . . . .. 203
Active Auxin Uptake by Specific Plasma Membrane Carriers
T.L. Lomax (With 1 Figure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 209
Two Comments on Auxin Transport:
The Uptake/Efflux-Mechanism and the Problem of Adaptation
R. Hertel (With 2 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 214
Further Characterization of the Presumptive Auxin Transport
Carrier Using Monoclonal Antibodies
M. Jacobs and T.W. Short (With 4 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 218
The Requirement for Calcium and Boron in Auxin Transport
R.K. DelaFuente, P.M. Tang, and C.C. de Guzman . . . . . . . .. 227
Cellular Patterns Determined by Polar Transport
T. Sachs (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 231
Auxin Transport and Shoot Tropisms: The Need for
Precise Models
R.D. Firn and S. Tamimi (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 236
Auxin and Root Gravitropism: The State of Our Knowledge
T.J. Mulkey and M.A. Vaughan (With 5 Figures). . . . . . . . . .. 241
x Contents
IV. Honnones: Effects
Are Angiosperm Hormones Present in, and Used
as Hormones by, Algae?
W.P. Jacobs (With 4 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249
Hormonal Coordination of the Processes Leading to Cell Fusion
in Algae: A Glycoprotein Hormone from Red Algae
S.D. Waaland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 257
On the Hormonal System of Mosses
M. Bopp, D. Gerhauser, and U. Ke~ler (With 2 Figures) 263
Phytohormones and Filicinae: Chemical Signals Triggering
Morphogenesis in Schizaeaceae
H. Schraudolf (With 3 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 270
The Control of Plant Cell Elongation by Auxin
and Gibberellin
R.L. Jones (With 3 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 275
Mechanism of Growth Induction by Ester Compounds.
Studies with Segments and Protoplasts of Oat Coleoptiles
A. Hager, R. Hampp, and W. Mehrle (With 7 Figures). . . . . . .. 284
The Control of Flower Initiation and Development
G. Bernier and J.M. Kinet (With 2 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 293
Hormonal Regulation of Plant Flowering
M. Kh. Chailakhyan (With 1 Figure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 303
Phytohormones in Seed and Fruit Development
C. Bulard and M. Th. Le Page-Degivry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308
A Revision of the Hormone Balance Theory of Seed
Dormancy: Studies on Gibberellin and/or Abscisic Acid-Deficient
Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana
C.M. Karssen and E. La9ka (With 5 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . .. 315
Cytokinin Control of Monocarpic Senescence in Soybean
L.D. Nooden and D.s. Letham (With 2Figures). . . . . . . . . . .. 324
Epigenetic and Genetic Factors Regulating the Cytokinin
Requirement of Cultured Cells
F. Meins, JI. and C.E. Hansen (With 1 Figure). . . . . . . . . . . .. 333
Contents XI
Apical Dominance and Correlations by Hormones
J .R. Hillman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 341
Hormonal Control of Assimilate Movement
and Compartmentation
T .H. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 350
v.
Hormones: Applications
Aims and Possibilities of Applied Plant Bioregulation
J. Jung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 363
Growth Regulation of Arable Crops
K.J. Treharne, R.D. Child, H. Anderson, and G.V. Hoad. . . . .. 368
Ethylene as an Indicator and Regulator in the Development
of Field Crops
P.W. Morgan ................................... 375
Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Plant Growth
Substances on Development and Yield of Soybeans
M.L. Brenner, W.A. Brun, J. Schussler, and N. Cheikh
(With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 380
Natural and Synthetic Plant Growth Substances
in Fruit Growing
F. Bangerth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 387
Recent Advances in the Use of Growth Substances
in Ornamental Horticulture
A.H. Halevy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391
Interrelations of Plant Growth Substances, Mineral Nutrition
and Crop Yield
H. Beringer (With 1 Figure). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 399
Examples of the Use of Natural and Synthetic
Plant Growth Substances in Cereal Breeding
S.A. Quarrie and M.D. Gale (With 1 Figure) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 404
SubjectIndex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 411
