Plant-Derived Antimycotics: Current Trends and Future Prospects

614 Pages·2003·13.32 MB·English

by  M.k. Rai

Mahendra Rai
Donatella Mares
Editors
Plant-Derived
Antimycotics
Current Trends
and Future Prospects
Pre-publication ical and environmental regions. The
result is a comprehensive and exten-
REVIEW...
sive account of the detection, evalua-
tion,andnatureofplantantimycotics.
“Thereiscompellinglogicintheex- Severalnovelproceduresforevaluat-
pectationthatthebillion-yearevo- ing antifungal activity are described,
lutionarywarbetweenplantsandfungi andIfoundparticularinterestinthe
willhavethrownupsomereallyeffec- discussionoflight-activatedantimycot-
tive defenses against fungal infection ics.However,thecoverageissufficient-
thatwecouldexploit.True,thereareno lycomprehensiveforthebooktobean
excitingexamplestoshowyet.Nothing essentialstartingpointforanyone(or
anycompany)withambitionstofind
likethestrobilurins(whicharefungus-
that Holy Grail of a new, safe, selec-
derivedantimycotics),thoughthesepro-
tivefungicide.
videtheobjectlessonofthepromiseat
Atatimewhenthereiswiderecog-
theendoftherainbow.Theworkbrought
nitionoftheneedinclinicalmedicine
together for the first time in this book
formoreeffectiveandgreatervarietyof
setsthesceneextremelywellandgives
antifungalagents,thisisanextremely
asolidaccountoftheexperimentalsuc- valuableoverviewofthecurrentstate
cessesandfailures,challengesandop- ofknowledge.Allaspectsareadequate-
portunities. ly covered and the overall quality is
Thefirstchaptergivesasuccinctand veryhigh.”
usefulintroductiontothemodeofac-
tion of antimycotics and methodology
Dr.DavidMoore
usedinthisresearch.Itisfollowedby ReaderinGenetics,
twenty-three chapters that range widely SchoolofBiologicalSciences,
acrossdifferentchemicalspecies,differ- UniversityofManchester,
entplantspecies,anddifferentgeograph- UnitedKingdom
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ANSIZ39.48-1984.
Plant-Derived
Antimycotics
Current Trends
and Future Prospects
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Plant-Derived
Antimycotics
Current Trends
and Future Prospects
Mahendra Rai
Donatella Mares
Editors
Food Products Press®
An Imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc.
New York (cid:127) London (cid:127) Oxford
Published by
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Plant-derivedantimycotics:currenttrendsandfutureprospects/MahendraRai,DonatellaMares,
editors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56022-926-8 (alk. paper)—ISBN 1-56022-927-6
1.Antifungalagents.2.Pharmacognosy.3.Materiamedica,Vegetable.I.Mahendra,Rai.II.
Mares, Donatella.
RS431.A62 P56 2003
616.9'69061—dc21
2002027165
CONTENTS
About the Editors xiii
Contributors xv
Foreword xxi
Alessandro Bruni
Preface xxiii
Chapter 1. The Need for New Antifungal Drugs:
Screening for Antifungal Compounds with a Selective
Mode of Action with Emphasis on the Inhibitors
of the Fungal Cell Wall 1
Susana A. Zacchino
Rosendo A. Yunes
Valdir Cechinel Filho
R. Daniel Enriz
Vladimir Kouznetsov
Juan C. Ribas
Introduction 1
Drugs of Clinical Importance: Benefits and Drawbacks 3
Trends in the Search for New Antifungal Agents 8
Current Methods for the Detection of Fungal Cell Wall
Inhibitors 15
Detection of New Antifungal Compounds with Inhibitory
Capacity of Fungal Cell Wall Synthesis 20
Conclusions 34
Future Directions in the Discovery of New
Antifungal Agents 34
Chapter 2. Natural Antimycotics from Croatian Plants 49
Stjepan Pepeljnjak
Ivan Kosalec
Zdenka Kalodera
Danica Kuštrak
Introduction 49
Biologically Active Components of Plant Species 50
Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils 52
Methods of Antimicrobial Investigation 53
Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils and Plant Extracts 60
Experimental Treatment of Mycosis with Natural
Antimycotics 70
Conclusions 73
Chapter 3. Antimycotic Activity of the Members
of Meliaceae 81
María Cecilia Carpinella
Carlos Guillermo Ferrayoli
María Sara Palacios
Introduction 81
Azadirachta indicaA. Juss 83
Melia azedarachL. 100
Other Meliaceae Members with Fungitoxic Properties 109
Chapter 4. Plant-Derived Extracts and Preparations
As Antimycotics 117
Tadeusz Wolski
Kazimierz Glowniak
Introduction 117
Materials and Methods 121
Microbiological Examinations 123
Clinical Studies 124
Results 125
Discussion 135
Conclusions 138
Chapter 5. Dermatophytes As a Tool in the Discovery
of New Natural Substances to Be Used As Antimycotics:
Use ofMicrosporum cookeiAs a Vehicle for Reflections
on the Protoanemonin Action Mechanism 145
Donatella Mares
Introduction 145
The Techniques 148
Microsporum cookei(=Nannizzia cajetani)As aPrimary
Test Dermatophyte 150
Mechanism of Action 155
Conclusions 161
Future Directions 162
Chapter 6. Plant-Derived Antimycotics: Potential
of Asteraceous Plants 165
Mahendra Rai
Deepak Acharya
Prasad Wadegaonkar
Introduction 165
Antifungal Potential of Some Important Asteraceous Plants 174
Sesquiterpenes As Antimycotics 180
Mechanism of Action 184
Conclusions and Future Perspectives 185
Chapter 7. Recent Advances in the Search for Antimycotic
Activity in South American Plants 197
Elena Mongelli
Introduction 197
Isolation of Antifungal Compounds from Plants 199
Searching for Antimycotic Activity in South American
Plants 200
Conclusions and Future Directions 208
Chapter 8. Current State and Future Directions
in Plant-Derived Antimycotics 213
P. G. Latha
Acham Abraham
S. R. Suja
S. Rajasekharan
Introduction 213
Existing Assays for Detecting Antifungal Compounds 214
The Most Important Antifungal Compounds from Plants 219
Conclusion 223
Chapter 9. Plant Screening for Light-Activated
Antifungal Activity 229
Olívia de Matos
Cândido P. Pinto Ricardo
Introduction 229
Antifungal Activity in Plant Extracts 230