Plant-Based Natural Products: Derivatives and Applications

241 Pages·2017·2.08 MB·English

by  Shahid Ul-Islam

Plant-Based Natural Products
Scrivener Publishing
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Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Plant-Based Natural Products
Derivatives and Applications
Edited by
Shahid-ul-Islam
This edition first published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Ul-Islam, Shahid, editor.
Title: Plant-based natural products : derivatives and applications/edited by Shahid Ul-Islam.
Description: Hoboken, NJ, USA : Wiley, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.|
Identifiers: LCCN 2017023337 (print) | LCCN 2017023655 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119423881 (pdf) |
ISBN 9781119423874 (epub) | ISBN 9781119423836 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Plant biotechnology. | Plant products. | Natural products. |
Botanical chemistry. | BISAC: SCIENCE / Chemistry / Organic.
Classification: LCC TP248.27.P55 (ebook) | LCC TP248.27.P55 P524 2017 (print) | DDC 630--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017023337
Cover image: Pixabay.Com and the Editor
Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Exeter Premedia Services Private Ltd., Chennai, India
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xiii
1 Potential Resurgence of Natural Dyes in Applied Fields 1
Shahid Adeel, Sana Rafi, Mahwish Salman, Fazal-Ur-Rehman
and Shazia Abrar
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Types of Natural Dyes 2
1.2 History 3
1.3 Advantages of Natural Dyes 4
1.4 C lassification 5
1.4.1 Structure Base 5
1.5 Methods of Extraction and Dyeing 10
1.5.1 Conventional Method 10
1.5.2 Modern Method 10
1.6 Potential Application of Natural Dyes 12
1.6.1 Food 12
1.6.2 Pharmaceutical/Medicinal 16
1.6.3 C osmetics 18
1.6.4 Textile 19
1.7 Conclusion 20
Acknowledgment 20
References 20
2 Natural Dyes from Indigoid-Rich Plants: An Overview 27
Mohd Yusuf and Shahid-ul-Islam
2.1 Introduction to Natural Dyes 27
2.2 Indigoid Dyes: An Overview 29
2.3 Indigo-Rich Plant Species: Practices and Discussion 36
2.3.1 Indigofera tinctoria 38
2.3.2 Polygonum tinctorium 39
v
vi Contents
2.3.3 Isatis Sp. 40
2.3.4 Tyrian Purple 41
2.3.5 Baphicacanthus cusia 42
2.3.6 Strobilanthes cusia 42
2.4 Safety Aspects and Sustainability 43
2.5 Conclusion and Future Outlook 43
References 44
3 Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of
Butea monosperma L. 47
Shahid-ul-Islam, Mohd Yusuf and Faqeer Mohammad
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Phytochemical Aspects 49
3.2.1 Flavones, Flavonols, and Isoflavones 49
3.2.2 Chalcones 51
3.2.3 P terocarpanes 51
3.3 S terols 52
3.4 Imides 52
3.5 Terpenoids 54
3.6 Miscellaneous Compounds 55
3.7 Biological Activities 55
3.7.1 Antimicrobial Activity 55
3.7.2 Anti-inflammatory 59
3.7.3 Anticancer Activity 60
3.7.4 Hepatoprotective Activity 60
3.7.5 Anticonvulsant Activity 60
3.7.6 Anti-diabetic Activities 60
3.7.7 Other Biological Properties 61
3.8 Conclusion 61
References 61
4 Radiation Pretreatment: A Potential Novel Technology to
Improve Fastness Properties of Plant-Derived Natural Dyes 65
Shahid Adeel, Shumaila Kiran, Sana Rafi, Tayyaba Ayesha,
Fazal-Ur-Rehman, Tahsin Gulzar and M.Zuber
4.1 Introduction 66
4.1.1 Natural Dyes 66
4.1.2 Advantages and Health Aspects of Natural Dyes 67
4.1.3 Economic Aspects of Natural Dyes 68
4.2 Chemistry of Fabrics 69
4.2.1 Chemistry of Cotton 69
Contents vii
4.2.2 Chemistry of Wool 70
4.2.3 Chemistry of Silk 71
4.2.4 Chemistry of Polyester 72
4.2.5 Chemistry of Polyamide 72
4.3 Mordants and their Classification 73
4.3.1 Classification of the Mordants 73
4.3.1.1 Chemical Mordants 74
4.3.1.2 Biomordants 75
4.4 Radiation and Its Role in Dyeing 76
4.4.1 Role of Ultraviolet Radiation 76
4.4.2 Role of Microwave Radiation 77
4.4.3 Role of Ultrasonic Radiation 77
4.4.4 Role of Plasma Radiation 77
4.4.5 Role of Gamma Radiation 78
4.5 Applications of Mordants 78
4.5.1 Application on Irradiated Cotton 78
4.5.2 Application on Irradiated Wool 79
4.5.3 Application on Polyamide (Nylon) 80
4.5.4 Application on Irradiated Polyester 81
4.6 Conclusion 81
Acknowledgments 81
References 82
5 Natural Colorant from Lawsonia inermis Leaves:
Reflectance Spectroscopy-Induced Optimal Conditions of
Extraction and Dyeing 89
Mohd Yusufand Faqeer Mohammad
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 Materials and Methods 91
5.2.1 Wool and Dye 91
5.2.2 Pretreatment of Wool and Optimization of Dye
Concentration 91
5.2.3 Optimization for Extraction of L. inermis Extract 91
5.2.4 Optimization for Dyeing with Optimal L. inermis
Extract 91
5.2.5 Color Measurement 92
5.2.6 Fastness Tests 93
5.2.6.1 Light Fastness 93
5.2.6.2 Wash Fastness 93
5.2.6.3 Rub Fastness 93
viii Contents
5.3 Results and Discussion 93
5.3.1 Optimization of Dye Concentration 93
5.3.2 Optimization for Extraction 94
5.3.2.1 Effect of pH 94
5.3.2.2 Effect of Extraction Time 94
5.3.2.3 Effect of Extraction Temperature 94
5.3.3 Optimization for Dyeing 95
5.3.3.1 Effect of pH 96
5.3.3.2 Effect of Dyeing Time 97
5.3.3.3 Effect of Temperature 97
5.3.4 Colorimetric and Fastness Properties 97
5.4 Conclusion 98
Acknowledgement 100
References 100
6 Plant Food By-products and their Application in
Food Industry 103
Kaiser Younis, Ovais Shafiq Qadri, Khalid Bashir and
Shahid-ul-Islam
6.1 Introduction 103
6.1.1 Utilization of Food By-products for Food and
Nonfood Applications 104
6.2 Plant Origin Food By-products 105
6.2.1 Fruit By-products 105
6.2.1.1 Apple By-products 105
6.2.1.2 Citrus Fruit By-products 106
6.2.1.3 Pineapple By-products 107
6.2.2 Vegetable By-products 107
6.2.2.1 Potato Peels (Solanumtuberosum L.) 107
6.2.2.2 Carrot (Daucuscarota L.) 108
6.2.2.3 Onion (Allium cepa L.) 109
6.2.2.4 Cauliflower
(Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) 110
6.2.3 Cereal By-product 111
6.3 Effects on the Quality Parameters of Food Products
Incorporated with Plant By-products 112
6.3.1 W ater-holding Capacity 113
6.3.2 Oil-holding Capacity 113
6.3.3 Binding Property 113
6.3.4 Cooking Yield 114
6.3.5 pH 114