Table Of ContentPlanning Your
Research
and How to Write It
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Planning Your
Research
and How to Write It
Aziz Nather
Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University Health System, Singapore
World Scientifc
NE W J E R S E Y • L O N D O N • S I N G A P O R E • BE IJ ING • S H A N G H A I • H O N G K O N G • TA I P E I • C H E N N A I
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Published by
World Scientifc Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA offce: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK offce: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Planning your research and how to write it : a practical guide for residents / [edited by] Aziz Nather.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-9814651035 (hardcover : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-9814651042 (pbk. : alk. paper) --
ISBN 978-9814651059 (electronic : alk. paper)
I. Nather, Aziz, editor.
[DNLM: 1. Research Design. 2. Biomedical Research. 3. Writing. W 20.5]
R850
610.72'4--dc23
2014044834
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright © 2016 by World Scientifc Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval
system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance
Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy
is not required from the publisher.
Typeset by Stallion Press
Email:
b2032 Planning Your Research and How to Write It
I would like to dedicate this book to my wife, Suraiya Rahman,
my children, Sharnaz, Zameer and Azad especially to my two
grandchildren, Samira Tan (10 yrs) and Aliyah Tan (7 yrs old).
Mira and Liyah’s charms, dynamism and bustling activities helps
to keep their ‘dada’ forever young and productive.
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b2032 Planning Your Research and How to Write It
Contents
1 2 3 4
Preface xi
About the Editor xi
List of Contributors xv
Section I: Introduction 1
Lessons from Research: A Personal Experience
Aziz Nather 3
Section I: Planning Your Research 13
Chapter 1 Planning Research 15
Aziz Nather, Jamie Xiang Lee Kee &
Haitong Mao
Chapter 2 Procuring Research Grants 31
Haitong Mao & Aziz Nather
Chapter 3 Types of Research: An Overview 57
Jamie Xiang Lee Kee, Haitong Mao &
Aziz Nather
Chapter 4 Clinical Research 67
Aziz Nather, Jamie Xiang Lee Kee &
Haitong Mao
Chapter 5 Choice of Experimental Animals 83
Aziz Nather, Jane Lim Jia Xin &
Elaine Yi Ling Tay
vii
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b2032 Planning Your Research and How to Write It
viii Contents
Chapter 6 Cadaveric Research 115
Elaine Yi Ling Tay, Jane Jia Xi Lim &
Aziz Nather
Section III: Ethics and Statistics 147
Chapter 7 Ethics for Research 149
Joy Le Yi Wong & Aziz Nather
Chapter 8 Statistics for Clinical Research 181
Yiong Huak Chan
Section IV: Writing Your Research 193
Chapter 9 Tips for Scientific Writing 195
Claire Shu-Yi Chan, Wee Lin & Aziz Nather
Chapter 10 Choosing the Right Journal 211
Wee Lin & Aziz Nather
Chapter 11 How to Write an Original Research
Article for a Journal 223
Wee Lin & Aziz Nather
Chapter 12 Uncovering the Review Article 243
Zest Yi Yen Ang & Aziz Nather
Chapter 13 Writing a Case Report 257
Zest Yi Yen Ang & Aziz Nather
Chapter 14 Writing a Thesis or Dissertation 273
Zest Yi Yen Ang & Aziz Nather
Chapter 15 What is Plagiarism 283
Eda Qiao Yan Lim & Aziz Nather
Section V: Evaluating Your Research 295
Chapter 16 Reviewing an Article 297
Aziz Nather
Chapter 17 What Reviewers Look for in an Original Article 305
Joy Le Yi Wong, Wee Lin & Aziz Nather
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b2032 Planning Your Research and How to Write It
Contents ix
Chapter 18 Examining a Thesis or Dissertation 309
Aziz Nather
Chapter 19 What Reviewers Look for in Writing a Thesis 319
Zest Yi Yen Ang, Joy Le Yi Wong & Aziz Nather
Chapter 20 Objective Evaluation of Research Output 325
Aziz Nather
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