Table Of ContentAbout Island Pre s s
Island Press is the only nonprofit organization in the United States whose principal pur-
pose is the publication of books on environmental issues and natural resource manage-
ment. We provide solutions-oriented information to professionals, public officials, busi-
ness and community leaders, and concerned citizens who are shaping responses to
environmental problems.
In 2000, Island Press celebrates its sixteenth anniversary as the leading provider of
timely and practical books that take a multidisciplinary approach to critical environ-
mental concerns. Our growing list of titles reflects our commitment to bringing the best
of an expanding body of literature to the environmental community throughout North
America and the world.
Support for Island Press is provided byThe Jenifer Altman Foundation, The Bullitt
Foundation, The Mary Flagler Cary Charitable Trust, The Nathan Cummings Founda-
tion, The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, The Charles Engelhard Foundation, The
Ford Foundation, The German Marshall Fund of the United States, The George Gund
Foundation, The Vira I. Heinz Endowment, The William and Flora Hewlett Founda-
tion, The W. Alton Jones Foundation, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foun-
dation, The AndrewW. Mellon Foundation, The Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, The
Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation, The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, The
New-Land Foundation, The Oak Foundation, The Overbrook Foundation, The David
and Lucile Packard Foundation, The Pew Charitable Trusts, The Rockefeller Brothers
Fund, Rockefeller Financial Services, The Winslow Foundation, and individual donors.
Planning for a New Century
Planning for a New Century
t h e r e g i o n a l a g e n d a
jonathan barn e t t
edited by
Washington, D.C. • Covelo, California
Copyright © 2001 by Island Press
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No
part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission
in writing from the publisher: Island Press, 1718 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite
300, Washington, DC 20009.
ISLAND PRESS is a trademark of The Center for Resource Economics.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Planning for a new century : the regional agenda / edited by Jonathan
Barnett ; foreword by David Rusk ; essays by Jonathan Barnett ... [et
al.].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-55963-806-0 (acid-free)
1. Regional planning—United States. 2. Economic
development—Environmental aspects—United States. 3. Public
welfare—United States. I. Barnett, Jonathan.
HT392 .P547 2001
307.1’2’0973—dc21
00-011162
Printed on recycled, acid-free paper
Printed in Canada
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Foreword by David Rusk ix
Editor’s Note xiv
Introduction: An Agenda for the New Century 1
Jonathan Barnett
P a rt 1: The New Metro p o l i t a n i s m
CHAPTER 1.Regional Imperatives of Global Competition 11
Theodore Hershberg
CHAPTER 2.Planning Metropolitan Regions 31
Gary Hack
P a rt 2: Managing Growth and Conserving the Enviro n m e n t
CHAPTER 3.Social Equity and Metropolitan Growth 49
John C. Keene
CHAPTER 4.Regional Design:Local Codes as Cause and Cure of
Sprawl 63
Jonathan Barnett
CHAPTER 5.Next Steps in Controlling Pollution 77
Roger Raufer
vii
viii Contents
CHAPTER 6.Highway Planning and Land Use:Theory and
Practice 89
Stephen H. Putman
P a rt 3: Education, Safety, and We l f a re
CHAPTER 7.Improving Primary and Secondary Education 105
Susan H. Fuhrman
CHAPTER 8.Improving Public Safety in Cities 119
Thomas M. Seamon
CHAPTER 9.Welfare Reform,Reproductive Reform,or Work
Reform? 131
Roberta Rehner Iversen
P a rt 4: Restoring Older Urban Are a s
CHAPTER 10.Housing and Urban Communities 149
Eugenie L. Birch
CHAPTER 11.Restoring Natural Resources and Rebuilding
Urban Communities 165
Anne Whiston Spirn
CHAPTER 12.Downtowns:Competitive for a New Century
177
Paul R. Levy
Afterword by Judith Rodin 195
Suggestions for Further Reading 199
About the Contributors 203
Index 209
Foreword
David Rusk
America has become a metropolitan nation.
A century ago almost two-thirds of the population lived in rural
areas. Only 22 percent lived in communities with more than 50,000 res-
idents, and the notion of metropolitan regions had yet to be conceived.
Four out of ten people worked on farms, producing a quarter of the
nation’s output.
Today 80 percent of our population lives in 277 metropolitan areas,
which account for 85 percent of the national economy.The number of
farmers has shrunk from 40 percent of all workers to less than 3 percent,
and agriculture contributes only 2 percent to the gross domestic prod-
uct. We have two million more schoolteachers and college professors
than farmworkers.
America’s future thus depends on the health and vitality of our metro
areas.
In 1999, Fannie Mae polled experts about the factors that have
shaped urban America over the past fifty years. The top ten influences
were the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 and the dominance of the
automobile, FHA mortgage financing and subdivision regulation, the
deindustrialization of central cities, urban renewal, in the form of down-
town redevelopment and public housing projects, mass production of
suburban tract housing, as in the case of Levittown, racial segregation
ix
Description:Across the United States, issues such as sustainability, smart growth, and livable communities are making headlines. Planning for a New Century brings together leading thinkers in the fields of planning, urban design, education, welfare, and housing to examine those issues and to consider the ways i
