Table Of ContentPIPELINE OPERATION
& MAINTENANCE
A Practical Approach
nd
2 Edition
Mo Mohitpour
Thomas Van Hardeveld
Warren Peterson
Jason Szabo
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library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data
Mohitpour, Mo.
Pipeline operation & maintenance : a practical approach / Mo. Mohitpour, Jason Szabo, thomas
van hardeveld. — 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISbN 978-0-7918-5960-5 (alk. paper)
1. Petroleum pipelines—Maintenance and repair. I. Szabo, Jason. II. hardeveld, thomas
van. III. title. Iv. title: Pipeline operation and maintenance.
tN879.58.M64 2010
621.8¢672—dc22
2010026151
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This book is dedicated to the memory of two great pipeliners
Gordon Walker, P.Eng., and William Bruce, P.Eng.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Elements of Pipeline Operation and Maintenance 1
1.1 background and history 1
1.2 trends in Pipeline System development 15
1.3 Pipeline transmission Systems 19
1.4 operation and Maintenance Elements 24
references 31
Chapter 2 Operation and Maintenance Organization 33
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 general functions in a Pipeline organization 33
2.3 factors that Influence organizational Structure 35
2.4 organizational Structure of a Pipeline 37
2.5 Codes, Policies and Procedures 40
2.6 Asset Management 48
references 62
Chapter 3 Overview of Pipeline System Operation 65
3.1 Pipeline operational Planning 65
3.2 gas Pipeline transportation 69
3.3 liquid transportation 82
3.4 Special operational Activities/Issues 108
references 124
Chapter 4 Pipeline System Maintenance 127
4.1 overview of Pipeline Maintenance Activities 127
4.2 right-of-way and Site Maintenance 130
4.3 Pipeline Pigging 153
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vi ■ Table of Contents
4.4 Pipeline repair 160
4.5 Pipeline Segment replacement 182
4.6 Pipeline Protection/Corrosion Control 199
4.7 Pipeline welding techniques and branch Connections 208
references 284
Chapter 5 Valves & Operators 289
5.1 general and history 289
5.2 valve Standards/Applicable Codes 292
5.3 definition and types for Pipeline Applications 293
5.4 valve operators 307
5.5 Automatic line-break Controls 312
5.6 Side/takeoff valves 313
5.7 Station tie-ins 313
5.8 valve Assemblies 313
5.9 valve Automation for liquid Pipelines 317
5.10 valve Characteristics—Pressure drop 320
5.11 valve Application ranking and Identification 324
5.12 valve Maintenance requirement 325
references 336
Chapter 6 Hydrocarbon Measurement 339
6.1 Introduction 339
6.2 Scope 339
6.3 definitions 339
6.4 Purposes of field Measurement 340
6.5 Primary Measurement devices 341
6.6 Secondary Measurement devices 363
6.7 tertiary Measurement devices and Systems 366
6.8 fluid Property Measurement 371
6.9 facility design 386
6.10 operations 389
6.11 Standards 393
references 394
Chapter 7 Pump and Compressor Station Operation 397
7.1 Introduction 397
7.2 design of Pump and Compressor Stations 397
7.3 Compressor Station Systems 410
7.4 Pump Station Systems 421
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Table of Contents ■ vii
7.5 operation of gas turbines and Auxiliary Systems 430
7.6 operation of reciprocating Engines and Auxiliary Systems 452
7.7 operation of Electric drivers 472
7.8 operation of Centrifugal Compressors and Auxiliary Systems 480
7.9 operation of reciprocating Compressors and Auxiliary Systems 490
7.10 operation of Pumps and Auxiliary Systems 498
references 503
Chapter 8 Pump and Compressor Station Maintenance 507
8.1 Introduction 507
8.2 Site Maintenance of Pump and Compressor Stations 508
8.3 oil terminals 509
8.4 gas turbine Maintenance 509
8.5 reciprocating Engine Maintenance 523
8.6 Electric driver Maintenance 533
8.7 Centrifugal Compressor Maintenance 534
8.8 reciprocating Compressor Maintenance 537
8.9 Pump Maintenance 539
8.10 Condition Monitoring 544
8.11 troubleshooting and failure Investigation 565
references 565
Chapter 9 System Automation 569
9.1 Introduction 569
9.2 Automation and Control of Pipelines 569
9.3 Automation and Control System Architecture 571
9.4 SCAdA System 574
9.5 Advanced Applications 603
9.6 liquids Measurement and Accounting 618
references 620
Chapter 10 Pipeline System Operational Reliability/Availability Assessment 623
10.1 reliability Assessment 623
10.2 failure data for Pipeline Systems Components 644
10.3 reliability Assessment Applications 645
references 665
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viii ■ Table of Contents
Appendix A 667
Appendix B 671
Appendix C 675
Appendix D 693
Index 705
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PREFACE
this book is a sequel to the ASME book Pipeline Design and Construction — A Practical
Approach, first published in october 2000 and with a second edition in 2003 and third edi-
tion in 2007.
other books have also been published since the initiation of the series of pipeline
books. these are
· Pipeline Design and Construction — A Practical Approach; Mohitpour, golshan,
and Murray
· Energy Supply and Pipeline Transportation — Challenges and Opportunities;
Mohitpour
· Pipeline Pumping and Compression Systems — A Practical Approach: Mohitpour,
botros, and van hardeveld
· Pipeline Integrity Assurance — A Practical Approach, Mohitpour, Murray,
McManus, and Colquhoun
Pipeline Operation and Maintenance — A Practical Approach is designed to fill the
gap from commissioning to the operation and maintenance of pipeline systems, covering
pipeline, metering, pumping, and compression. It is designed to impart know-how to opera-
tion and maintenance personnel while providing an in-depth coverage of the subjects that
pipeliners often face in the assessment of operation and maintenance tasks and techniques.
It is designed for veterans and professionals of, as well as entrants to, the pipeline industry.
the aim is to give them a much needed reference material for their day-to-day use and/or to
refresh their knowledge and thinking process in undertaking various operation and mainte-
nance tasks. It is also intended to be a training tool.
the content is based on the authors’ collective experience totaling some 100 years,
augmented by technical research and other sources. the layout presents a historical back-
ground to pipeline system development and the organizational infrastructure requirements.
In a logical way, it also describes pipeline systems’ operations and sequentially the steps
involved in problem assessment of pipeline and appurtenances as well as the required ensu-
ing maintenance works.
Pipeline reliability/availability assessment is also presented in the book. this provides
a rational step in assessing pipeline risks, reliability, and hence availability from a technical
as well as business point of view.
the authors have exercised care to ensure correctness of the content, copyright per-
missions, and referencing documents and names. It is not intended that specific techniques,
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■ Preface
examples, or applications be applied or copied for turnkey use. readers are encouraged to
check and assess all details before use. the authors and ASME welcome notification of
corrections, omissions, and attributions.
M. Mohitpour, white rock, british Columbia, Canada
Jason Szabo, boulder, Colorado, USA
tom van hardeveld and warren Peterson, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
2010
Errata
Acknowledgement is due to many colleagues and associates whom have reported typo-
graphical errors and omissions noted in the 1st edition of the book. we are particularly
grateful to Messrs terry hughes of Pipeline design Solutions llC and tim Saunders of
Access Pipeline Inc. for their contributions
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