Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) in Medicine

419 Pages·1991·17.634 MB·English

by  H. K. Huang (auth.), H. K. Huang, O. Ratib, A. R. Bakker, G. Witte, K. S. Chuang (eds.)

Picture Archiving
and Communication Systems (PACS)
in Medicine
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Series F: Computer and Systems Sciences Vol. 74
Picture Archiving and
Communication Systems (PACS)
in Medicine
Edited by
H.K.Huang
Medical Imaging Division, Department of Radiological Sciences
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90024-1721, USA
O. Ratib
Digital Imaging Unit, Center of Medical Informatics
University Hospital of Geneva
CH-1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
A. R. Bakker
BAZIS
Schipholweg 97, 2316 XA Leiden, The Netherlands
G. Witte
Radiological Clinic, Diagnostic Department
University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf
Martinistrasse 52, W-2000 Hamburg 20, FRG
With the assistance of
K.S. Chuang
Medical Imaging Division, Department of Radiological Sciences
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90024-1721, USA
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Picture Archiving and
Communication Systems (PACS) in Medicine, held in Evian, France, October
14-26,1990.
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-76568-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-76566-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-76566-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
NATO Advanced Study Institute on Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) in Medicine (1990:
Evian-Ies-Bains, France) Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) in Medicineledited by
H. K. Huang ... let al.]. p. cm.-(NATO ASI series. Series F, Computer and systems sciences; vol. 74)
"Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
(PACS) in Medicine, held in Evian, France, October 14-26,1990"-T.p. verso.
"Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." Includes indexes.
1. Radiography, Medical-Digital techniques-Congresses. 2. Imaging systems in medicine-Congresses.
3. Information storage and retrieval systems-Medicine-Congresses. I. Huang, H. K., 1939- . II. Title.
III. Series: NATO ASI series. Series F, Computer and system sciences; vol. 74. RC78.7.D35N38 1990
616.07'54-dc20 91-11063
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1991
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1991
45/3140-543210 - Printed on acid-free-paper
Preface
This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Picture
Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) in Medicine" held in Evian, France, October 14-
26, 1990. The program committee of the institute consisted of H.K. Huang (Director), Osman
Ratib, Albert Bakker, and Gerd Witte. This institute brought together approximately 90 participants
from 15 countries.
These proceedings are the accumulation of eight years of research and development results in
PACS by various dedicated groups throughout the world. The purpose of this institute was to
review the most recent technology available for PACS and some clinical results. The readers
should notice the remarkable advances in this field by comparing the contents in these proceedings
with those in a previous institute on "Pictorial Information Systems in Medicine" held August 27 -
September 7, 1984 in Braunlage/Harz, Federal Republic of Germany, and published as Vol. 19 in
this series.
The institute was organized according to four categories: PACS components and system
integration, PACS and related research in various countries and manufacturing companies, clinical
experience and research support, and participants' scientific communications.
In PACS components, we included image acquisition, workstations, data storage and networking.
In system integration, topics on interfaces between Hospital Information System (HIS), Radiology
Information System (RIS) and PACS, clinical reports, the ACR/NEMA standard, databases,
reliability, and system integration were discussed. This lecture series emphasized the technical
detail and "how to" aspects.
In PACS and related research in various countries and manufacturing companies, invited lecturers
who are responsible for or participate in major PACS research and development in their respective
countries summarize the current status. The summaries cover technical, administrative, and
financial aspects.
The countries represented among the presentations include Germany, Italy, France, Belgium,
Japan, Sweden, Turkey, The Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (in the
order of the presentations). Researchers responsible for PACS research by major imaging
manufacturers were also invited to present their current PACS status and its perspective. These
manufacturers include General Electric, Philips/AT&T, and Hitachi.
VI
In clinical experience and PACS research support series, researchers were invited to present their
PACS clinical experience. The researchers are from centers including: University of Ottawa,
Canada; University of Pennsylvania; Hokkaido University, Japan; Georgetown University; and
UCLA. Two major PACS funding sources in the United States are the National Institutes of
Health and the U.S. Armed Forces. The program directors of these two government agencies
presented the current PACS funding situation.
Finally, selected topics related to PACS from the participants were organized into short
presentations. The purpose of this series was to encourage information exchange among
participants.
In addition, three workshops on data security, image quality and perception, and cost analysis, as
well as two demonstrations on radiology literature search and receiver operating characteristics
(ROC) software packages were organized in the evenings.
We are indebted to the authors for their excellent presentations and for delivering the manuscripts
promptly, and to the participants for their enthusiastic discussions. The institute would not have
been possible without the help of many people from the Medical Imaging Division, Department of
Radiological Sciences, UCLA, especially Dr. K.S. Chuang and Ms. Betty Norton who
administered the institute during the entire two-week period. We would like especially to thank the
Unite d'Imagerie Numerique, University of Geneva Hospital for local arrangements. And last but
not least we thank Dr. L.V. da Cunha, Director, ASI Programme for his guidance and NATO for
providing the fmancial basis for this institute.
Los Angeles, Geneva, H.K. Huang
Leiden, and Hamburg Osman Ratib
January 1991 Albert R. Bakker
GerdWitte
Table of Contents
PACS Overview
H.K. Huang
PACS Research and Development - A Review and Perspective......................... 1
Acquisition
G. Witte
Principles of Computed Radiography....................................................... 9
L.J. Schultze Kool
New Developments in Image Acquisition Systems: Advanced Multiple Beam
Equalization Radiography ..................................................................... 15
B.K.T. Ho, C. Morioka, L. Kaabi, R.K. Taira,
A. Hayrapetian, H.K. Huang
Acquisition Interface for Computed Radiography......................................... 23
R. K. Taira, M. Loloyan, A. Hayrapetian
PACS Image Acquisition: Film Scanners................................................... 35
W.S. Weinberg, M. Loloyan, R.K. Taira, K.K. Chan, H.K. Huang
Automatic Acquisition of CT, MR, and US Images for PACS.......................... 43
Display Stations
P.S. Cho and B.K.T. Ho
Display Workstation: Hardware Architecture.............................................. 51
O. Ratib, Y. Ligier, M. Funk, C. Girard, R. Perrier, D. Hochstrasser
PACS Workstation: User Interface Design................................................ 57
S. C. Horii, H. N. Horii
Reading Room Design for PACS............................................................ 63
Database and Storage
P.S. Cho, K.K. Chan, B.K.T. Ho
Data Storage and Compression.............................................................. 71
B.K. Stewart, R.K. Taira
Database Architecture and Design for PACS............................................... 83
O. Ratib, Y. Ligier, R. Appel, JR. Scherrer
PAPYRUS: A Portable Image File Format................................................. 91
VIII
Communication Networks
J.C. Honeyman and S.J. Dwyer
Teleradiology and Network Strategies...................................................... 95
B.K. Stewart
Three Tiered Network Architecture for PACS Clusters................................... 113
System Integration
S.C. Horii
An Introduction to the ACR-NEMA Standards............................................ 119
K.K. Chan, R.K. Taira, H.K. Huang
Integration Issues in PACS................................................................... 141
R.K. Taira, K.K. Chan, B.K. Stewart, W.S. Weinberg
PACS Reliability Issues....................................................................... 149
A.R. Bakker
HIS and RIS and PACS....................................................................... 157
Clinical Experience
M. Goldberg, G. Belanger, J. Tombaugh, R. Dillon, J. Robertson,
M. Coristine, J. Mastronardi, C. Beeton
Clinical Experience with a Multimedia Workstation at the
Ottawa Civic Hospital, Canada............................................................... 163
S. C. Horii, S.K. Mun, B. Levine, B. £0, B.S. Garra, R.K. Zeman,
M. Freedman, C. Leftridge, D. Schellinger, J. Keyes, L.P. Elliott, R. Fielding,
H. Benson
PACS Clinical Experience at Georgetown University..................................... 169
G. [rie
Clinical Experience - 16 Months of HU-PACS............................................ 183
H. Kangarloo
PACS - Clinical Experience at UCLA....................................................... 189
HL. Kundel, S.B. Seshadri, R.L. Arenson
Clinical Evaluation of PACS at the University of Pennsylvania......................... 195
PACS Research in Federal Government
and Private Industry
M. Al-Aish
NIH Supported PACS Related Research................................................... 201
J.A. Thomas
Digital Imaging Network Systems in the U.S. Military: Past, Present, Future........ 207
IX
F. Goeringer
Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support Systems for Military Medicine................... 213
A.V. Lando, R. Heu
CommV iew© -A System from AT&T and Philips -
A Technical Status and Evolution Plan...................................................... 231
P. Layzell, O. Lis, E. Pavageau
GE PACS Strategy and Development...... ............. ... ...... .... ... ..... ......... ...... 235
T. Okabe, K. Satoh, S. Kabata
Introduction to Hitachi PACS................................................................ 241
PACS Research and Development in
Various Countries
H. Mosser, A. Mandl, M. Urban, H. Hradil, W. Hruby
The Vienna SMZO Project............................. ....... ....... ....... ....... ... ........ 247
R. Mattheus, M. Osteaux
PACS and PACS-Related Research in Belgium............................................ 251
E. Bellon, P. Suetens, G. Marchal
PACS at the University Hospital Leuven................................................... 259
B. Gibaud, C. Toumoulin, J.-M. Scarabin
PACS Activities at the University Hospital of Rennes.................................... 263
J. Vermont, P. Cinquin, J. Demongeot
PACS and Related Research in France...................................................... 267
G. Witte
PACS in Germany............................................................................. 273
H. U. Lemke
The Berlin Communication System (BERKOM)........................... ............... 275
P. Giribona, D. Bravar, C. Giuricin, I. Pinto,
F. Stacul, W. Ukovich
PACS and Related Research in Italy......................................................... 283
T.Okabe
PACS and Related Research in Japan....................................................... 289
AR. Bakker
PACS and Related Research in the Netherlands........................................... 295
S. Olsson
PACS and Related Developments in Sweden.............................................. 301
O. Ratib, D. Hochstrasser, J.-R. Scherrer
PACS and Related Research in Switzerland................................................ 309
x
K. 0flazer, A.Enis (:etin, H. Koymen, M. Oran
Medical PACS Research in Turkey.......................................................... 313
H 1. Glass, N A. Slark
PACS and Related Research in the United Kingdom...................................... 319
European Collaborative PACS Projects
R. Mattheus, F P. Ottes, AR. Bakker, and M. Osteaux
HIPACS: ''Hospital Integrated Picture Achiving and Communication System",
an R&D Effort of the European Communities.... .................... ......... ............. 325
P. Degoulet, J. Coignard, F.-C. Jean, M.-C. Jaulent, L. Lucas, M. Ben Said,
H.-P. Meinzer, U. Engelmann, A. Springub, R. Baud, J.-R. Scherrer
The HELlOS European Project on Software Engineering. ................ ................ 333
O.Ratib
TELEMED Project.............................................................................. 335
A. Todd-Pokropek
ISCAMI: A European Collaboration on PACS.............................................. 337
R. Passariello, C. Politi, D. Caramella, P. Giribona, D. Baleriaux, P. Hernando,
J. Carreno, L. Micheli, J. de Certaines, C. Florin
PACS-IMACS: Operation Evaluation and Basic Requirements for Prospective
Evolution of PACS Technology............................................................... 339
A. Todd-Pokropek
COST-B2: Quality Assurance of Nuclear Medicine Software............................. 345
Participants' Scientific Communications
RD. Appel, O. Ratib, J.-R. Scherrer
CHAMPOLlON: an Image File Format Translator........................................ 347
F. Bitter, BA. Bitter, R. Weller, L. Almasi, E. Mate, W.E. Adam
A Nuclear Medicine PACS and RIS......................................................... 351
Y. Bizais, A.-M. Forte, B .Gibaud, F. Aubry
Storage and Retrieval of Medical Image Data, Relationship to Image
Processing and Analysis................................... .............. ...................... 357
A. Enis (:etin
Subband Coding of DSA Images.......... ..... ....... .......... ....... .......... ........... 361
R.M.Dawood
PACS in Britain: A Radiologist's Perspective.............................................. 365
G.B. Devey, M.J. Ackerman
Beyond PACS: The Electronic Triage System.............................................. 373