Table Of ContentADnantoienli oJ. MMaollvluasrai
MDoamttehneiwco P B. Lauldnignri en
MEdiicthoarse l R.B. Evans
Editors
Clinical Medicine
Pick Up and Oocyte
Covertemplate
Management
Subtitle for
Clinical Medicine Covers T3_HB
Second Edition
1 32
123
Pick Up and Oocyte Management
Antonio Malvasi • Domenico Baldini
Editors
Pick Up and Oocyte
Management
Editors
Antonio Malvasi Domenico Baldini
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center of Medically Assisted Procreation
Santa Maria Hospital MOMO’ fertiLIFE Srl
GVM Care and Research Bisceglie
Bari Italy
Italy
Laboratory of Human Physiology
Phystech BioMed School
Faculty of Biological and Medical Physics
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
(State University)
Dolgoprudny
Moscow Region
Russia
Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital
Perugia
Italy
ISBN 978-3-030-28740-5 ISBN 978-3-030-28741-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28741-2
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction
on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,
computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed
to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty,
expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
I dedicated this book to my beloved mother and father for their sacrifices and
love towards me.
I also devote my work to my brother who has always been close to me, even
in difficult moments. To my hometown which give me its Roman-Greek
ancient culture.
Antonio Malvasi
To my family, to my wife Derna, to my son Giorgio and to my son Marco who
looks at me from up there;
To my parents and to those who have contributed to my professional growth.
Domenico Baldini
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely thank Antoni Dell’Aquila for the realization of some wonderful images
for this book. These pictures are the result of the long collaboration between Prof. Antonio
Malvasi and Antonio Dell’Acquila into the medical graphics academy, founded by them.
vii
Contents
1 A Short History of Oocyte Pick-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Ettore Cittadini and Giorgio Maria Baldini
2 Anatomy and Physiology of Ovarian Follicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Marija Dundović, Lada Zibar, and Mariaelena Malvasi
3 Normal Ultrasound Female Pelvic Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Vincenzo D’Addario, Asim Kurjak, and Biserka Funduk-Kurjak
4 Ultrasound and Probe Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Edoardo Di Naro, Luigi Raio, Annachiara Basso, and Mariana Rita Catalano
5 Oocytes Retrieval Theater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Domenico Baldini, Domenico Carone, Antonino Guglielmino,
and Sandro Gerli
6 Hysteroscopy Before Oocytes Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Giuseppe Trojano, Vita Caroli Casavola, Antonio Malvasi, Sergio Haimovich,
Alessandro Favilli, and Ettore Cicinelli
7 Anesthesia and Analgesia for Women Undergoing Oocyte Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . 99
Renata Beck, Agostino Brizzi, Gilda Cinnella, Pasquale Raimondo,
and Krzysztof M. Kuczkowski
8 Monitoring Follicular Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Maria Elisabetta Coccia, Francesca Rizzello, and Eleonora Ralli
9 Triggering Final Follicular Maturation for IVF Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Raoul Orvieto
10 Oocyte Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Domenico Baldini, Cristina Lavopa, Maria Matteo, and Antonio Malvasi
11 Oocyte Retrieval in Double Stimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
Qiuju Chen and Yanping Kuang
12 Oocyte Retrieval in IVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
Mario Mignini Renzini, Claudio Brigante, Mara Zanirato,
Maria Beatrice Dal Canto, Fausta Brambillasca, and Rubens Fadini
13 Oocyte Retrieval in Egg Donation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
Antonio Pellicer and Victor Hugo Gomez
14 Oocytes Retrieval in Metabolic Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
Daniele De Viti, Assunta Stragapede, Elena Pacella, and Domenico Baldini
15 Oocyte Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243
Pierre Boyer, Patricia Rodrigues, Marie Boyer, and Giovanni Vizziello
ix
x Contents
16 Relevance of Oocyte Morphology on ICSI Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
Claire O’Neill, Stephanie Cheung, Alessandra Parrella, Derek Keating,
Philip Xie, Zev Rosenwaks, and Gianpiero D. Palermo
17 Endometriosis, Infertility, and Oocyte Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265
Andrea Tinelli, Ceana H. Nezhat, Farr R. Nezhat, Ospan A. Mynbaev,
Radmila Sparic, Ioannis P. Kosmas, Renata Beck, and Antonio Malvasi
18 The Adhesion of the Blastocyst: A Question of Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291
Leonardo Resta, Roberta Rossi, and Graziana Arborea
19 Complications in Oocyte Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305
Michail Pargianas, Styliani Salta, Stelis Fiorentzis, Lamprini G. Kalampoki,
Renata Beck, Damiano Vizziello, and Ioannis Kosmas
20 Oocytes Freezing in Patient with Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339
Fabrizio Signore, Raffaella Votino, Evangelos Sakkas, Domenico Baldini,
Simona Zaami, and Antonio Malvasi
21 Eggs Retrieval. Adverse Events, Complications, and Malpractice:
A Medicolegal Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347
Simona Zaami, Michael Stark, Antonio Malvasi, and Enrico Marinelli
22 Medically Assisted Procreation: European Legislation and
Ensuing Ethical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361
Gianluca Montanari Vergallo, Simona Zaami, Tom Schneider,
and Radmila Sparic
A Short History of Oocyte Pick-up 1
Ettore Cittadini and Giorgio Maria Baldini
Contents
1.1 Puncturing Needles 13
1.2 Puncturing Procedure 13
1.3 The Present Transvaginal Technique 16
1.4 Flushing 16
1.5 Oocyte Pick-up Complications 17
1.5.1 Haemorrhage 17
1.5.2 Pelvic Infections 17
1.5.3 Traumatic Lesions of Internal Organs 17
1.5.4 Technical Aspects and Practical Suggestions 18
References 18
Before talking about the history of ovarian pick-up, it is He noted the disposition of the Fallopian tubes but failed
important to have a look at the history of the medicine, espe- to clarify their specific function [3].
cially to take into account the part concerning female repro- Instead, he considered their relationship with the ovaries
ductive system anatomy. The anatomical and physiological was analogous to that of the male ducts with the testes, so he
description of the ovary, the most important reproductive illustrated the ducts as coiled round the “female testes.”
organ, takes place in a recent historical period with respect to In 1721, an Italian scientist, Antonio Vallisneri (1661–
other human organs. Before the fourteenth century, the ovary 1730), with this expressive description: “Young peasant
was considered as a female testis and the uterus as an empty woman, married, moderately plump, infertile, with ovaries
penis. larger than normal, like doves’ eggs, lumpy, shiny and whit-
In 1543, Andreas Vesalius (Fig. 1.1) published De Humani ish,” (Fig. 1.2) described for the first time the clinical and
Corporis Fabrica; with its extensive account of the anatomy pathological features of the “polycystic” or “micropolycys-
of the generative organs, he carefully and systematically tic” ovary [4].
introduced the structure of the human body in a way that was He was a student of Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694), one
truthful to the findings of human dissection that had never of the first ovary researcher. Malpighi had made his first
been accomplished before [1, 2]. known drawing of a monkey ovary in 1666 and had noted the
Graafian follicles.
He had reasoned that the actual egg is within the ovary. In
contrast to the Graaf’s theories that the follicle was the egg,
E. Cittadini (*)
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Malpighi proposed in 1681 that the egg was derived from the
University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy luteal tissue present in a mature mammalian ovary [5, 6]
e-mail: [email protected]
(Fig. 1.3).
G. M. Baldini
Center of Medically Assisted Procreation, MOMO’ fertiLIFE,
Bisceglie, Italy
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 1
A. Malvasi, D. Baldini (eds.), Pick Up and Oocyte Management, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28741-2_1
2 E. Cittadini and G. M. Baldini
Fig. 1.1 In 1543, Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis
Fig. 1.3 Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694), italian medical. He performed
studies on ovary pathology
Gabriele Fallopio (1523–1562) (Fig. 1.4), one of the
greatest anatomists of the sixteenth century, had noticed the
follicles previously but he didn’t recognize its reproductive
significance [7]. Moreover, he was able to prove that the
Fallopian tube is a unique organ that connects the uterine
horn to the ovary [8] (Fig. 1.5).
It is noticeable to underline that the only approach in vivo
to understand the female reproductive system was the man-
ual abdominal examination [9, 10]. In fact, the most funda-
mental diagnostic instrument in the past was the hand.
Trotula de’ Ruggiero of the famous school of Salerno
was the first female physician in the history of medicine
and the first female professor of medicine [11]. She was
one of the first physicians to describe a number of obstetri-
cal and gynaecological conditions and also wrote on male
infertility.
De passionibus mulierum was probably her most famous
work, and she was included in the “famous quartet of
Salerno” in the eleventh century by several medical histori-
ans [12] (Fig. 1.6). Trotula’s chapter on the causes of
infertility is noteworthy as she recognizes both female and
Fig. 1.2 Antonio Vallisneri (1661–1730), an Italian medical scientist,
male infertility.
studied and described in 1721 the ovary with PCOS
