Table Of ContentPhytoremediation for Green Energy
Münir Öztürk Muhammad Ashraf
●
Ahmet Aksoy Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad
●
Editors
Phytoremediation for Green
Energy
1 3
Editors
Münir Öztürk Ahmet Aksoy
Ege University Department of Biology
Center for Environmental Studies Faculty of Science
Izmir Akdeniz University
Turkey Antalya
Turkey
Faculty of Forestry
University Putra Malaysia
Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad
Selangor
Botany Department
Malaysia
Faculty of Sciences
University of Agriculture
Muhammad Ashraf
Faisalabad
NS University of Agricultural Sciences
Pakistan
Multan
Pakistan
ISBN 978-94-007-7886-3 ISBN 978-94-007-7887-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7887-0
Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London
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Acknowledgement
The editorial team is highly indebted to the Noble Laureates Prof. Dr. Yuvan T. Lee
and Prof. Dr. Ferid Murad as well as Prof. Dr. Atta-ur- Rehman (FRS) for sparing
their valuable time to join us.
Some of the chapters included in this book were presented at the International
Conference on “Plants and Pollutants” held at Erciyes University. The conference
was sponsored by IDB (Islamic Development Bank), Rectorate of Erciyes Univer-
sity (Rector Prof. Dr. Fahrettin Keleştemur), Provincial Grand Mayor Municipality
of Kayseri (Mr. Mehmet Özhaseki), Trades Union of Kayseri (Mr. Hasan Ali Kilci)
and Kayseri Directorate of the Ministry of Environment and Forests-Turkey. The
editors would like to extend their special thanks to all of them for their support.
Our special thanks go to the Springer team in particular Ms. Megha Koriola for
their patience and collaboration during the production of this book.
v
Contents
1 Energy, Environment and the Future of Mankind ................................. 1
Yuan Tseh Lee
2 Bio-fuels: A Blessing in Disguise ............................................................... 11
O. Surriya, Syeda Sarah Saleem, K. Waqar, A. Gul Kazi
and M. Öztürk
3 Engineered Phyto-Covers as Natural Caps for Containment
of Hazardous Mine and Municipal Solid Waste Dump Sites–
Possible Energy Sources ............................................................................ 55
M. N. V. Prasad
4 Chromium and Nickel Phytotoxicity and Genotoxicity.......................... 69
Agáta Fargašová, Bernd Markert and Karol Mičieta
5 Physio-Anatomical Responses of Plants to Heavy Metals ...................... 79
Riffat Batool, Mansoor Hameed, Muhammad Ashraf,
Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad and Sana Fatima
6 Integration of Different Bioindication Methods for Chemical
Elements: The Multi-Markered-Bioindication-Concept (MMBC) ....... 97
Bernd Markert, Agáta Fargašová, Stefan Fraenzle
and Simone Wuenschmann
7 Interaction Between Plants and Biosurfactant Producing
Microorganisms in Petroleum Contaminated Absheron Soils ............... 115
Elmira Akhundova and Yamen Atakishiyeva
8 Phytoremediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil by
Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) and the Effect of Oil on its Growth ............... 123
Saeed Minoui, Dariush Minai-Tehrani and Malak Hossein Shahriari
vii
viii Contents
9 Bioremediation of Petroleum Polluted Soils using
Amaranthus retroflexus L. and its Rhizospheral Funji ........................... 131
Fariba Mohsenzadeh and Abdolkarim Chehregani Rad
10 Reciprocal Effects of Oil-contaminated Soil and Festuca
(Tall fescue) ................................................................................................. 141
Dariush Minai-Tehrani, Saeed Minoui and Malak Hossein Shahriari
11 Fundamentals of Hydrogen Production via Biotechnology (Bio-H2) .... 149
Nuri Azbar
12 Evaluation of Senecio glaucus L. and its Root-Associated
Fungi for Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soils ........................... 175
Fariba Mohsenzadeh and Abdolkarim Chehregani Rad
13 Root and Shoot Peroxidase Activity in Festuca arundinacea
in Light Oil-Contaminated Soil ................................................................ 185
Zahra Ghaffari, Sahar Shademan, Zahra Sobhani-Damavandifar
and Dariush Minai-Tehrani
Contributors
Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Uni-
versity of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Elmira Akhundova Institute of Microbiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of
Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
Muhammad Ashraf NS University of Agricultural Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
Yamen Atakishiyeva Institute of Microbiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of
Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
Nuri Azbar Bioengineering Department, Environmental Problems Research and
Application Center, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
Riffat Batool Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,
Pakistan
Abdolkarim Chehregani Rad Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of
Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
Agáta Fargašová Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sci-
ences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava, Slovakia
Sana Fatima Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,
Pakistan
Stefan Fraenzle International Graduate School Zittau, Department of Biological
and Environmental Sciences, Research Group of Environmental Chemistry, Zittau,
Germany
Zahra Ghaffari Faculty of Biological Sciences, BioResearch Lab, Shahid Beheshti
University, Tehran, Iran
A. Gul Kazi Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University
of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
ix
x Contributors
Mansoor Hameed Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,
Pakistan
Yuan Tseh Lee Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
M. N. V. Prasad Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyder-
abad, India
Bernd Markert Environmental Institute of Scientific Networks (EISN-Institute),
Haren, Germany
Karol Mičieta Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius Uni-
versity in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
Dariush Minai-Tehrani BioResearch Lab, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid
Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Saeed Minoui Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti Uni-
versity, Tehran, Iran
Fariba Mohsenzadeh Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology,
Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
M. Öztürk Ege University, Center for Environmental Studies, Izmir, Turkey
Syeda Sarah Saleem Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National
University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Sahar Shademan Faculty of Biological Sciences, BioResearch Lab, Shahid
Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Malak Hossein Shahriari Persian Gulf University, Tehran, Iran
Zahra Sobhani-Damavandifar Faculty of Biological Sciences, BioResearch Lab,
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
O. Surriya Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University
of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
K. Waqar Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of
Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Simone Wuenschmann Environmental Institute of Scientific Networks (EISN-
Institute), Haren, Germany
Chapter 1
Energy, Environment and the Future
of Mankind
Yuan Tseh Lee
Abstract Charles Darwin who was born 200 years ago did remind us that “It is
not the strongest of the species that will survive, or the most intelligent; it is the
one most adaptable to change.” If the environment changes faster than the time
required for a given species to evolve, the likely result will be extinction. With the
fast changing climate and rapidly deteriorating ecosystem today, human species,
with a life cycle of 30–40 years, are not likely to evolve and adapt as quickly. Unless
humans manage to slow down the change of environment, the fate of extinction
might be inevitable.
Keywords Energy crisis · Environmental degradation · Energy efficiency · Future
of mankind
1 Recent Development of Human Society on Earth
After the appearance of our ancestor on the heavily forested planet a couple of mil-
lion years ago, the development of the human society as a whole, was in harmony
with nature. Mankind was indeed a part of nature, reliant on the sun for the creation
of most of what was needed to survive. Since the population of mankind was small,
for a long period of time their limited activities seemed to have affected neither the
biosphere nor their living environment to any great extent.
The development of mankind took a new turn after the industrial revolution,
which began about 250 years ago. As mankind learned to transform energy from
one form to another—from chemical, thermal, electrical to mechanical—and in-
vented various machines that could perform work thousands of times more power-
fully, more precisely and more reliably than could be possibly done with human
and animal labor, the productivity of mankind increased immensely and an unprec-
edented improvement of living standards was achieved. The success of mankind
on the surface of the earth had been quite remarkable. But, during this process,
mankind became addicted to the use of a large amount of energy, and since the
energy from biomass created by sunshine no longer satisfied our need, we began to
Y. T. Lee ()
Noble Laurate, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
e-mail: [email protected]
M. Öztürk et al. (eds.), Phytoremediation for Green Energy, 1
DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7887-0_1, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
