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The College at Brockport: State University of New York Digital Commons @Brockport Studies on Water Resources of New York State and Government Documents the Great Lakes 8-1989 Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Composition, Abundance and Distribution and Trophic Interactions: Offshore Region of Lakes Erie, Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, 1985 Joseph C. Makarewicz The College at Brockport, [email protected] Theodore W. Lewis The College at Brockport, [email protected] Paul Bertram U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Follow this and additional works at:http://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/wr_misc Part of theWater Resource Management Commons Repository Citation Makarewicz, Joseph C.; Lewis, Theodore W.; and Bertram, Paul, "Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Composition, Abundance and Distribution and Trophic Interactions: Offshore Region of Lakes Erie, Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, 1985" (1989).Government Documents. 38. http://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/wr_misc/38 This Government Document is brought to you for free and open access by the Studies on Water Resources of New York State and the Great Lakes at Digital Commons @Brockport. It has been accepted for inclusion in Government Documents by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @Brockport. For more information, please [email protected]. Un1teSdt ates GreatL akesN at1onal EPA-905/3-90-003 EnvironmentParlo tection ProgramO ffc1e GLNPO ReporNto 01-91 Agency 230 SouthD earborSnt reet Decembe1r9 89 Reg1on5 Ch1cagol,l l1n6o016s0 4 Phytopla�nkton &EPA and oopl Z an�ktoinn L akes ErieH,u rona,n d Michiga1n9:8 5 Don oWtE ED.T hidso cument shoubledr etaiinnte hdEe P A Regi5o nL ibrCaorlyl ection. Phytolpanktoann dZ oopnlkatoCno pmostiio,n Abnudanec andD isrtibuiton anTdr ophIinct ecrtiaon:s OffshoRreeg ni oof Lakse Eri,e LakeH uroann dL akeM ihciga,n 1985 Volume1 - IntperrevteiR eport by JospehC .M aakrweicazn dT hoedorLee wsi Depamretnto fB iloogicSacile cnes StateU nievristy ofN ewY orka tB rokpcort Brokcprot,N ewY ork 14420 and PaulB etrram Great LNaakteiso nParlor gamO fifce UnitedS tateEsnv irnomentParlo tteicno Agency 230S outhD earboSrtrne et Chica,g Iollniois6 0604 Auguts 1989 u.s C7R7hegW ia..1e c[gsotr;5oljn . ,l., ka 6 ... ,�..B01 � -o'uLP·..' ��.. l-n.va: � e1rirt2dt6-:-,JJn o��) Me. � 04-35_9':,0"..' .f loor Abstract Wiht thea ckonwlegdementth abti oolgicamlon itoinrgw asf undanmtealt o chartgi necsoytsemh eahl t(GreaLta kesW ateQrua lity Agreemen1t9 7)8,E PAs' prgorma wadse vleopefdo rL akesE ri,e HuraonndM ihcigna to: 1)m onitor seansaolp attnes,r ragneso fa bnudancaen d, ing eneraslt,ur ctuer oft hep hy­ tolpakntonan dz ooplnaktocnom muintie;s 2)r eltaet heb iloogicalc omponntest o vairatnisoi nt hep hyisca,l nutrineta ndb ioolgicaelnv irnmoen;t an3d)a ssess thea nnualv arinacet oa llwo bettelrog n-temr assesmsentosf t rohpics tructure ands tat. eSeveralo ffshorseta tion(s7 -0 1perc ruis)e ons everaclr uises (5)- 6diungr thes pri,n sgummera nda utumonf 1 98w5er es ample.d Bye xamiinngc hanegsi nt hep hytopnlkatoann dz ooplanktoinn r eliaotnt o waterc hemsitry, evidenwcaesf ounsdu gegsitngl ittlec haneg int het ropihc statuso fL akesH uroann dM iching wahilea ni mprovemiennt th et rophics tatus ofL akeE riwea se vide.n Ttheo ffshorreeg ion oLfa keM ichaingi se xperein­c ing chagnesi np hytolpanktoann dz oolpanktocno pmostiionc onisstenwti ht nurtientc ontraonld t o-pdownc otnrobly f ihs. Evens o, theb imoass of phytoapnlktonan dz ooplnaktoann dt het rophsitact uso ft hel akhea ven ot chagneds ginifinctal.y Thea ppearaanncdee stablihsmenotf D ahpniap uliacria ino ffshorweat erosf L akeH urosnu gegsta chaneg int he forfaihgs eb as.e Planktonc ompsoiitonh asc hagnedl ittlsein cet he6 0's.H owerv,ed ramtaic reudctionsi nb iomasosf n uisnacea nde utropihnidci catsopre icesh ave ocucrre.d Thesec hanegsa rec onisstenwti ht expetcatioonfsl ogn-temr nutr­i entc ontlr.oH oweevr, cah aneg inp isvcoiryi se vdientt hath asa pparently allwoedt hee stablihsmenotf tlhaer eg cldaoceranD aphinap uilcaria. The extoicp readceoucsld aoceranB ythtorehpesc edertsroeim hiasb ecmoee stablihsed ina llt hrelea eks. ii DICSLAIMER Thisr eporhta sb eenr eviewbeyd t heG reaLta kse NationParlo gmr a OfficUe,.S .E nvironmetnalP rotectAigoenn cya,n da pprovfeodr p ublictiao.n Approlv daoesn ots ingiyf thatt hec ontenntesc esrsialyr eflte tchev iwesa nd policioefst heU .S.E nvironmentaPlr otectAigoenn c,y nord oesm enitono f tradnea meosr c ommericalp roudcts ncstoiuttee ndoermsenotr r ecmmoendaiton foru se. iii FOREWARD TheG reaLta kse NaitonalP rogmr Oafifce( LNGPO) oft heU nitedS tates EnvironmenPtraolt eicont Agencwya se stablisheidn R egioVn,C hicag,o tof ocus atetntioonnt hes ignifinctaa ndc omplexn aturraelos urcreep resnetebdy t he GreaLta eks. GLNPOi mplemenat msul t-imediean vironmenmtaanla gempernotrg amd rawing ona wide rangeexp eorft irseper seentebdy u niversit,i persviate mfsi,r Stat,e Federaanld C anadiGaovne rnmnetaAlg enicesa nd tIhnet ertninaoalJ oint Commisison. Theg oaolf the GpLNrgPorOa mi st od evelopp rgoram,s pratcices andt echnolnoegecys asryf ora betteunrd restnadinogf t heG reaLtak ese coyss­ tema ndt oe liminaotrer eudcet ot hem axiumm extenptr atcicbalet hed ishcarge ofp ollutanitnst toh eG reaLta kessy tsem.T heO fficael scoo oirndateUs. S. actinosi nf uflillmenotf t heG reaLta keWsa teQrua liyt Agreemeonf1t 978 bewteenC anadaa ndt heU niteSdta teosf A meric. a Thisr eporptrs eentsr esulotfst hep htyolpanktoann dz oopnlktaon poritonosf twhaet eqru alyi stuvreillancpero gracmo dnutcedb y GLNPOL akoens Michain,g Huroann dE riien 1 948 andi nw inteorf 1 98.5 Resutlso ft he physicaaln dc hmeicaplo ritonosf t hes uvreillancper orgamm ayb ef ounidn a companirone po:r t Rockewl,l DavidC ., D.K .S alsiburayn dB .M.L esh.t 198.9 WaterQ ualiyt int heM iddlGer eaLatk es: sRuetlso ft he1 985 USEPAS urveoyf L akeEsri e,H uroann dM icihgan. PubliciaotnN umberE PA-9/065/98-00.1 GreatL akesN aitonaPlr orgam Offi.c e EnviornmentaPlr oteicotnA gen,c Cyhica,g Iollniois iv ACKNOWGLEEMDESN T DianeO lens,o AnBnrao o,k sMiLketes ona ndL isKai lroiyn putetdh e raw datai nttoh ec omptue.r We tthhaenmfk o r itrht eimea nde ffor.t Portniso oft hisr eporwter ec opmleetdw hilet hep rimaaruyt howra so na Fulbrhitg Fellowshaitpt he MPalxna ckI ntsiuttef urL imnoileo.g Wet hanWki nrfied Lapmer,t Dierctoorf t heI nsttiutfe orh ish osiptaliyt. GLNPgOr taeufllayc knwoledgtehse c ontributtoit ohins s tudyo ft he BinoeticCso prorat,iw oinht whomG LNPOc ontracftoerad s stiasncien t hec ol­ lecitono fs ampleasn df ort hei deintficatiaonnd enruamteni ooft hep hyt­o plnaktoann dz ooplnakto.n Ipnar tiucla,rw ee xtenadp perciant iotNoor manA . Anrdesne,M arkA .L am,b LouiLs. L ispey,D onnPaa gaen dH eathKe.rT rlul.i Fundfso r thirse porwte rep rovidbeydU .SE..P.A,. GreaLta keNsa toinal ProagmrO fficuned eGrr anNtu mebrR 05000-7l0. v TABLEO F CONTENTS Page Abstratc ii . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disacilme.r. ........ .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..i..i..i. ......... . Forewa.r.d. . . . . .................. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .iv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ackonwlegmdnet.s . ........... . . . . . . . ................v. ........... . . Tabloef C onte.nt.s.. ................ .. . . . . . . . . . .v.i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lisotf T able.s. . .......... ................. .. ..... ......i..x.. ... . Listo fF iugrse. . ............... . . . . . . . ............x.i..i..i. .... . . . . OVEVRIWE. . . . . ...... .. ........ .... . . .... . . .........1.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . SUMMARY LakeM ihciagn. . . . .. .. ......,... . . . . . . .,. ...........2. .... . . . . . . LakeH uron. . . ................. . ........ . . . . .7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LakeE ri.e. . . . ................ . .................1..1.. ..... . . . . . INTROCDTUINO. . . . .............. . .. .. .. .......... ... .. .. .. .1.6. . . . . . . METHODS SamplingS ite.s . . .......... . . ....................... . 1.8. . . . . . . . Cheimstr.y . . . ......................................... .18. . . . . . . Phytopnlkato.n. . ........ . . . . . . .................1..9.. ....... . . . . Zoopnlkato.n. . .......... ............... . . . . . . .2.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DatOar gnaiziaot.n ... . . ................. ..............2.1. . . . . . . Defitniinos. . . . ......................................2..1. . . . . . . RESLUTSAN D DISUCSISON LAK-E MICHGAIN Phytopnlkato.n. . . . . . . . ......................... . . .2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . Picopnlkato.n. . . .............. .. .. .. ...............2.3. . . . . . . AnunalA budnancoef M ajorA lgaGlr ou.ps. . ......... . .2.3. . . . . . SeaosnaAlb udnancaen dD istbruiiton ofM aojrA lgaGlr ou.p2s.4 Regniaola ndS eaosnalT rendisn t heA bunndcaeo f CommonT ax.a. .. ....... .. . . .. .. .. .. ............. .2.5. . . . . . . Hisotricla Chnagesi nS pecieCsom psoitio.n. . . . . . .2.9. . . . . . . . . GeorgahpicaAlbu ndaen candD isrtibuiton . .. . . . .....3..3 . . . . . . . IndicaStpoerc ie.s. . . . . . . . . .................3..4.. ....... . . . . HitsorcialC hnagse inC ommunity Abudnanc.e. . . . . . .3.5. . . . . . . . . Zoolpankto.n. . . .............. . . . . . . . . . . . .37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AnunalA budnanceo fZ oopnlkatoGnr ou.ps. . ........ . .3.7. . . . . . . SeansaolA bnudancaen dD itsrbiutioonfM aojrZ oopnlkaton Gruops. . . . . . . . ........................3...7. . . GeogrhaipcaAlb nudancaen dD istbrutiiono fZ oopnlkaton Gruops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CommonS peice.s . ...... . . ................ . . . ...3.9. . . . . . . . . . . . HisotriCch angiesnS pecieCso pmosiotn.i . . . . . . ....3..9.. . . . . . Crutsace.a. ..... . . . ................ . . . . .3.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rotiefra. . . ................ ....................4.3. . . . . . . . Histiocrla Chnagse inZ oolpanktoBni moass . ... .. . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . Indictaorosf T rohpicS tatu.s.. . . . . . . . . . .. . .44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TrohpicI ntecrtainos . . . . . .. .. ... . . ..4. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi REUSLST ANDD ISUCSISON- LAKE HURON Phytoapnlkton 50 . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AnnaulA budnancoef M aojrA lgaGlr oups 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Picloapnkton 50 . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SeansaolA budnancaen dD isrtibuitono fM aojrA lgal Groups 51 . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . GegorahpicaAlb nudancaen dD istbruiitono fM aojrA lgal Groups 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regionalan dS esaonalT rendsi nt heA bnudancoef C ommon Taxa 53 . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hitsoircla ChangiensS peicesC ompsoition 56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IndiactoSrp ecies 57 . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HitsorcialC hanegsi nC ommuniyt Abundaen acndB imoass 58 . . . . . . Zoopnlkaton 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AnunalA budnancoef Z oopnlkatoGnr oups 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SeaosnaAlb udnancaen dD itsribuitono fM aojr ZoopnlkatoGnr oups 60 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CommoSnpe cies 60 . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chansg einS peicesC opmosiiotn 61 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . Rotiefra 63 . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . GeorgahpicaAlbu ndancaen dD istbrutiiono f ZoopnlkatoGnro ups 64 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indictaorosf T ropihcS tatus 65 . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . HitsoricTarled nsi nA bunndcae 67 . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . TropihcI ntertaiocns 68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . RESULATNSD D ISUCSSION- LAKE ERIE Phytpolnakton 70 . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Picopnkltaon 70 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . AnnuaAlb nudancoef M aojrA lgaGlr oups 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SeansaolA bnudancaen dD itsributni oofM aojr AlgaGlr oups 71 . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GegorahpicaAlb udnancoen D isrtibutioMnao jr ofM aojrA lgaGlr oups 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regionalan dS easonalT rednsi nt heA bnudance ofC ommoSnp eices 72 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . ChangiensS peicesC opmoistion 76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IndicatSopre cies 77 . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HitsoircaClh anegsi nC ommnuiyt Bimoass 78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zoopnlkaton 80 . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . AnnaulA budnancoef Z oopnlkatoGnr oups 80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SeansaolA bnudancaen dD isrtibuitono fM aojr ZoopnlkatoGnr oups 80 . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GeogrhaipcaAlb nudancaen dD istbrutiiono f ZoolpanktoGnr oups 81 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . CommonS pecies 82 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chagnesi n SpecCiopemosis tion 83 . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EastW-estS peciDeissr tibuiton 86 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Indictaorosf T rophSitact us 87 . .. . . . . . . . .... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HitsoricCahlna gesi nA budnance 89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . Trophic Itnitnoesr ac 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copmarsiono fL akse MichgainH,u orna ndE rie 96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIETRATURCE ITED 98 . . . . .. . . . . . . . .... . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . TABLES 110 . .. . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURES 169 . . . . . . . . . .... . .. . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VOLUM2E. D ATAS UMMARY REPO.R TSummarys heetosf p hytopnlkaton andz ooplanktodna t.a. . . ............A..T.TA.C.HM.EID C ROFICHE viii

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