Table Of ContentPhytopharmaceuticals and
Biotechnology of Herbal Plants
Plant-based drugs play an important role in all cultures and have been crucial in maintaining health
and fghting diseases, and by using contemporary methods of biotechnology, plants with explicit
chemical compositions are propagated and genetically upgraded for the mining of pharmaceuticals.
Phytopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology of Herbal Plants presents the latest advances in the
development of transgenic plants, covering phototherapeutics, secondary metabolite production,
metabolomics, metabolic engineering, bioinformatics, quality control of herbal plant products,
crop improvement using various breeding techniques, tissue culture techniques, and the future of
phytopharmaceuticals.
FEATURES
• Describes developments and applications of phytopharmaceuticals of herbal plants.
• Highlights the importance of phytopharmaceuticals of plants and potential applications in
the food and pharma industries.
• Provides an overview of research on key anticancer drugs to elucidate the biotechnological
approaches for their production in cell cultures.
• Places special emphasis on the biosynthetic pathway mapping and metabolic engineering.
Phytopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology of Herbal Plants will be an invaluable resource
to academics and researchers associated with plant science, herbal drug manufacturers, and
phytochemists.
Exploring Medicinal Plants
Series Editor
Azamal Husen
Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia
Medicinal plants render a rich source of bioactive compounds used in drug formulation and
development; they play a key role in traditional or indigenous health systems. As the demand
for herbal medicines increases worldwide, supply is declining as most of the harvest is derived
from naturally growing vegetation. Considering global interests and covering several important
aspects associated with medicinal plants, the Exploring Medicinal Plants series comprises volumes
valuable to academia, practitioners, and researchers interested in medicinal plants. Topics provide
information on a range of subjects including diversity, conservation, propagation, cultivation,
physiology, molecular biology, growth response under extreme environment, handling, storage,
bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, extraction, therapeutics, mode of action, and
healthcare practices.
Led by Azamal Husen, PhD, this series is directed to a broad range of researchers and professionals
consisting of topical books exploring information related to medicinal plants. It includes edited
volumes, references, and textbooks available for individual print and electronic purchases.
Omics Studies of Medicinal Plants
Ahmad Altaf
Traditional Herbal Therapy for the Human Immune System
Azamal Husen
Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants
Azamal Husen
Herbs, Shrubs and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefts
Azamal Husen
Phytopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology of Herbal Plants
Sachidanand Singh, Rahul Datta, Parul Johri, and Mala Trivedi
Phytopharmaceuticals and
Biotechnology of Herbal Plants
Edited by Sachidanand Singh, Rahul Datta,
Parul Johri, and Mala Trivedi
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Singh, Sachidanand, editor.
Title: Phytopharmaceuticals and biotechnology of herbal plants / edited by Sachidanand Singh, Rahul Datta,
Parul Johri, and Mala Trivedi.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2023. | Series: Exploring medicinal plants ; book 4 |
Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Plant-based drugs play an important role in all
cultures and have been crucial in maintaining health and fghting diseases, and by using contemporary methods
of biotechnology, plants with explicit chemical compositions are propagated and genetically upgraded for
the mining of pharmaceuticals. Phytopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology of Herbal Plants presents the latest
advances in the development of transgenic plants, covering phototherapeutics, secondary metabolite production,
metabolomics, metabolic engineering, bioinformatics, quality control of herbal plant products, crop improvement
using various breeding techniques, tissue culture techniques, and the future of phytopharmaceuticals”—Provided
by publisher.
Identifers: LCCN 2022030045 (print) | LCCN 2022030046 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032277752 (hbk) |
ISBN 9781032277769 (pbk) | ISBN 9781003294023 (ebk)
Subjects: LCSH: Herbs—Therapeutic use. | Materia medica, Vegetable—Biotechnology. | Phytochemicals—
Therapeutic use.
Classifcation: LCC RM666.H33 P495 2023 (print) | LCC RM666.H33 (ebook) |
DDC 615.3/21—dc23/eng/20220802
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022030045
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022030046
ISBN: 978-1-032-27775-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-27776-9 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-29402-3 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/b22917
Typeset in Times
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Contents
Preface...............................................................................................................................................ix
Editor Biographies ............................................................................................................................xi
Contributors ................................................................................................................................... xiii
Chapter 1 Overview on Phytopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology of Herbal Plants ..................1
Priyanka Gangwar, Parul Johri, Rahul Datta, Sachidanad Singh,
and Mala Trivedi
Chapter 2 Indian Spices: Treasure of Active Pharmaceutical Compounds................................ 19
Priyanka Bhamu and Shaantanu Dabi
Chapter 3 Trends in Breeding Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Challenges and Prospects....... 53
Deivanai Subramanian
Chapter 4 Controlled Environment Agriculture: An Opportunity for Customizing
Secondary Metabolite Production..............................................................................65
Ventris M. D’souza and Ritu Bhalla
Chapter 5 Advances in Micropropagation of Pharmaceutically Important Fruit Crops ............ 81
Priti Sharma, Antara Das, and Maneesh Mishra
Chapter 6 Exploring the Diversity of Plant Alkaloids through a Multiomics Approach.......... 109
Megha Rai and Mami Yamazaki
Chapter 7 Recent Investigations on Protective Mechanisms of Flavonoids against
Sarcopenia................................................................................................................ 141
Ishita Pandey, Srishti Vashishtha, and Sonam Chawla
Chapter 8 Herbal Medicinal Compounds and Their Anti–Breast Cancer Actions:
A Mechanistic Perspective.......................................................................................157
Daniel A. Gideon, Pushparaj Annadurai, Abhinav Parashar,
Rachel Grace Murthy, Kandavel Dhandayuthapani, Sriram Srinivasan,
Sivaramakrishnan R, and R. Jasmine
Chapter 9 Aromatic Plants as a Source of Natural Antioxidants and Their Potential to
Reduce Disease Risk................................................................................................ 185
Indira Mikkili, Krupanidhi Sreerama, Venkateswarulu TC,
Abraham Peele Karlapudi, and Vidya Prabhakar Kodali
v
vi Contents
Chapter 10 Phytopharmaceuticals of Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of
Common Illnesses ....................................................................................................201
Venkata Kanaka Srivani Maddala, Asha S, and Sachidanand Singh
Chapter 11 A Disease-Driven Approach to Medicinal Natural Products................................... 213
Jasmine R, Deena Priscilla H, and Sowmiya S
Chapter 12 Recent Insights into Cannabinoids: Functions, Mechanisms,
Clinical Trials, and Technological Advancement in Cancer and
Neurological Diseases ..............................................................................................225
Tarun Pant, Matea Juric, and Zeljko J. Bosnjak
Chapter 13 Anti-Cancer Phytopharmaceuticals: A Green Approach Towards
Treating Cancer ........................................................................................................239
Priyanka Mudaliar, Apoorva Jagannath Nalawade, Priyamvada Arte,
Akanksha Dhuliya Deepak Iyer, Kanchanlata Tungare, Mustansir Bhori,
and Jyotirmoi Aich
Chapter 14 Synergism between Anticancer Drugs and Seaweed Metabolites for
Cancer Treatment ..................................................................................................... 255
Priscilla Arockiasamy, Sriram Srinivasan, Daniel A Gideon,
Abhinav Parashar, Shivadharshini Ramachandran, and Janet Ann Netto
Chapter 15 Recent Perspectives on the Medicinal Potential of Plant-Based Adaptogens ..........267
Kajal Pandey, Manvi Arora, and Sonam Chawla
Chapter 16 Workfow and Methods of In Silico Analysis of Compounds Isolated
from Medicinal Plants: An Overview ...................................................................... 281
Rosita A. Sherlin, Pushparaj Annadurai, Thomas Jebastin, Sriram Srinivasan,
Priscilla Arockiasamy, S. Danushri, Vijay Nirusimhan, Abhinav Parashar,
and Daniel A. Gideon
Chapter 17 Basics of Photobiology and Clinical Indications for Phototherapy in
Anti-Aging................................................................................................................307
Namrata Verma, Poornima Yadav, Pankhudi Gupta, Mahima Bhardwaj,
Subhan Danish, Rahul Datta, and Sachidanand Singh
Chapter 18 Role of Nanotechnology in the Field of Phytopharmaceuticals for
the Delivery of Herbal Drugs ................................................................................... 317
Tanvi Jain, Kavita Srivastava, Rajnish Singh, M.J. Ansari,
Sachidanand Singh, and P.K. Dutta
Contents vii
Chapter 19 Phytonanotechnology: Plant-Mediated Green Construction of MNPs and
Their Biomedical Implementation against MDR Bacteria ...................................... 331
Meenu Gupta, Neeraj Agarwal, and Abhidha Kohli
Chapter 20 Past, Present, and Future of Aromatic Plants........................................................... 347
Vipin Kumar, Himashu Yadav, and Ramesh Kumar Srivastava
Index .............................................................................................................................................. 361
Preface
The word “phytopharmaceutical” is a combination of two words: phyto, referring to plant, and phar-
maceutical, referring to therapeutic drugs. Since prehistoric times medicinal plants have been used
in traditional medicine practices. These plants contain an amalgamation of bioactive components—
also referred as phytochemicals—residing in numerous plant parts ranging from stems to leaves,
fruits, fowers, roots, etc. This book covers a range of topics for various biotechnological applica-
tions applied to the isolation of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants, their accessible sources,
biochemistry, structural makeup and impending biological activities from a health perspective. The
book also covers the photochemistry of different natural products; an innovative dietary approach
for the management of a range of diseases and its therapeutic potential followed by applications in
food and pharmacy industries. We foresee that this collection will be apposite for the scholars and
researchers working in the academic feld as well as those in the plant biotechnology, food, nutra-
ceuticals and herbal trades. Incorporated in the twenty chapters of the book is the overall biotech-
nological application of various phytopharmaceuticals derived from herbal plants. Phytonutrients
provide several health advantages and may be taken daily to lower risk factors for conditions such
as high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes. They are produced and assessed in the same
manner that traditional therapeutic items are. The aromatic plants are of extraordinary value in
terms of commercial crops. Hence, their compounds have the impending power to become new
therapeutic drug molecules for human health. This book elaborates on the natural phytochemicals
present in these plants, which can be further used as a potential lead molecule for the expansion of
semisynthetic and synthetic derivatives and dicusses the aromatic plants, their classifcation, natural
antioxidant bits and the role of antioxidants in preventing disease risk.
Seaweed or microalgae are rich in phytochemicals that exhibit various biological activities such
as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-infammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Purifed bioactive
compounds extracted from seaweeds have showed anticancer activity against drug-resistant cancer
cell types, and the use of bioactive compounds along with anticancer drugs reduced the side effects
caused by chemotherapy.
Plant-based adaptogens have been confrmed to show a large variation of medicinal properties
like enhancing the immune system, stress regulation, treatment and inhibition of anxiety disorders,
hypertension, memory impairment and in curing numerous neurodegenerative and cardiovascu-
lar ailments. Medicinal plants have abundant phytochemicals with diverse secondary metabolites
like polyphenols (phenolic acids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, favonols, tannins), isoprenoids
(sesqiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, steroids, saponins), alkaloids (indole alkaloids, lysergic acid
diethylamide, tropane alkaloids, ergot group) and fatty acids by which they impede or even scav-
enge the excess of free radicals produced in oxidative and neurotoxin-induced stresses in the nerve
cells of the brain.
At present, essential oils are used by many people. Owing to its uses and benefts, the demand
for essential oil in national and international markets has increased consistently. To fulfl the pre-
requisite and supply quality products, there is an increased scope of aromatic crop cultivators and
their related trades. Finally, the book ends with an impression regarding the in silico attitudes used
for analysis of compounds isolated from medicinal plants.
We are eternally grateful to Azamal Husen, the series editor, Exploring Medicinal Plants, for
providing a constant support throughout the compilation of the book.
Sachidanad Singh
Rahul Datta
Parul Johri
Mala Trivedi
ix
