Table Of ContentPhytomedicine
Phytomedicine
Research and Development
Edited by
Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
Professor
Department of Botany
Bharathiar University
Coimbatore 641046
Tamil Nadu, India
First edition published 2020
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of
all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this
publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged
please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC),
222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected]
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without
intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Parimelazhagan, T., editor.
Title: Phytomedicine : research and development / Parimelazhagan Thangaraj.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020009466 | ISBN 9780367857592 (hardback) | ISBN
9781003014898 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Herbs--Therapeutic use. | Medicinal plants.
Classification: LCC RM666.H33 P4885 2020 | DDC 615.3/21--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020009466
ISBN: 9780367857592 (hbk)
ISBN: 9781003014898 (ebk)
Typeset in Times
by Lumina Datamatics Limited
Contents
Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................................................ix
Preface..........................................................................................................................................................................................xi
Editor .........................................................................................................................................................................................xiii
Contributors ................................................................................................................................................................................xv
Chapter 1 Ethnic Uses and Commercial Applications of Capsicum assamicum (Bhut jolokia) ...........................................1
Ajitabh Bora, Khonamai S. Nakhuru, Baikuntha J. Gogoi, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay,
and Sanjai K. Dwivedi
Chapter 2 Plant-Based Compounds as Alternative Adjuvant Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant Cancer ...............................7
E. C. Aniogo, Blassan P. George, and Heidi Abrahamse
Chapter 3 Ethnomedicinally Important Pteridophytes of Kolli Hills from Eastern Ghats, India .......................................13
Muniappan Ayyanar and Jeyalatchagan Sureshkumar
Chapter 4 Bioprospecting of Antimicrobial Carica papaya Leaf Extract for Finishing of Fabrics
in Health Care Industries .....................................................................................................................................23
B. Sathya Priya, T. Stalin, and Olivier Nzamwita
Chapter 5 Analysis of Discrete and Combined Effect of Solvent, Extraction Time, and Extraction Temperature
on Polyphenol Compounds Extraction from Roxburgh Fig (Ficus auriculata Lour.) Fruit Using
Response Surface Methodology ..........................................................................................................................27
Gayathri Jagadeesan, Kasipandi Muniyandi, M. Ashwini Lydia, Gayathri Nataraj, Suman Thamburaj,
Saikumar Sathyanarayanan, and Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
Chapter 6 GC-MS Analysis of Methanolic Extract of Rubus ellipticus: A Wild Edible Fruit ............................................37
Elizabeth George, Blassan P. George, Sajeesh Thankarajan, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj,
Kasipandi Muniyandi, and Saikumar Sathyanarayanan
Chapter 7 Chemoprotective and Immunomodulating Effects of Ferulic Acid on Cisplatin Chemotherapy
in Dalton’s Lymphoma Xenografted Mice ..........................................................................................................45
Giftson J. Senapathy, R. Krishnamurthy, Heidi Abrahamse, P. Umadevi, and S. Murugan
Chapter 8 Anti-microbial and Anti-oxidant Properties of Solvent Extract of Lichen Species Collected from
Kodaikanal Hills, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu................................................................................................53
R. Kalidoss, M. Mariraj, M. Shenbagam, J. Merlin Seles, K. Arun Prasath, N. Rajaprabu,
and P. Ponmurugan
Chapter 9 Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Banana
Inflorescence and to Find the Interactions on Molecular Docking for PCOS .....................................................63
M. C. Kamaraj, Suman Thamburaj, R. Akshaya, and V. Bhanu Deepthi
Chapter 10 Effect of Anti-oxidant-Rich Nutraceutical on Serum Glucose, Lipid Profile, and Oxidative Stress
Markers of Salt-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats .......................................................................................73
N. Lawal, L. S. Bilbis, R. A. Umar, and A. A. Sabir
v
vi Contents
Chapter 11 Pharmacognostic Studies on Ormocarpum sennoides (Willd.) DC.: A Bone Fracture Healing
Plant from Fabaceae ............................................................................................................................................83
M. M. Sudheer Mohammed, A. Narayanasamy, and S. Mahadevan
Chapter 12 Flowering Plants of Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Himalaya: With Emphasis
on High Altitude Threatened Medicinal Plants ...................................................................................................93
Ramasamy Manikandan, Chithambaram Murugan, Nithya Sivagami Ponnurangam,
and Mehala Devi Ramasamy
Chapter 13 Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial Activities of Flavonoids from the Fruit Extract of Dacryodes edulis ...........131
R. O. Omosimua, B. D. Macham, A. Onanuga, B. T. Thomas, C. O. Ugbomor,
G. Iyappan, S. Ramalingam, A. S. Afolabi, and Sunday Asuquo Thomas
Chapter 14 Anti-diabetic and Cytotoxicity Studies of Ethanol Extract of Mundulea sericea: A Threatened
Medicinal Plant ..................................................................................................................................................139
S. Gangadevi, K. Kalimuthu, and P. Viswanathan
Chapter 15 Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Aloe vera Gel Extract .......145
S. Govindarajan, Spoorthy N. Babu, and Ayesha Noor
Chapter 16 Monoterpenes Modulating IL-10: A Systematic Review ..................................................................................157
Saravanan Shanmugam, Jullyana S. S. Quintans, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Luciana Scotti,
Marcus T. Scotti, Adriano A. S. Araújo, and Lucindo J. Quintans-Júnior
Chapter 17 UV/V is a Spectrophotometric Characterization of the Leaf Polyphenolics Content in Elaeocarpus
tectorius and its Therapeutic Potential against Selected Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens ...........................169
M. Ashwini Lydia, Suman Thamburaj, Gayathri Jagadeesan, Gayathri Nataraj, Kasipandi Muniyandi,
Saikumar Sathyanarayanan, and Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
Chapter 18 Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Activity of Cleome gynandra in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats .........179
T. Shanmuganathan and A. V. P. Karthikeyan
Chapter 19 To Evaluate the Role of a Novel Herbal Formulation by Topical Application in Cancer Therapeutics
(Mouse Model) ..................................................................................................................................................183
Umrao Ankita, Rao Gururaj A., Rao S. G. A., and Rao Jyothsna A.
Chapter 20 Coconut Sprouts as Phytomedicine: An Approach towards the Development of Nutraceuticals .....................187
S. Abiraami Valli and S. Uma Gowrie
Chapter 21 Assessment of Secondary Metabolites in the Yams of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. & Dioscorea
pentaphylla L. ...................................................................................................................................................197
S. Vivek, Y. Aron Santhosh Kumar, and M. Palanisamy
Chapter 22 Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Potential of Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir
Leaves on Various Gastric Aggressive Factors .................................................................................................203
P. S. Sreeja, K. Arunachalam, and Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
Contents vii
Chapter 23 Seaweeds: A Potent Source of Bioactive Compounds ........................................................................................217
L. Stanley Abraham, Vasantharaja Raguraman, R. Thirugnanasambandam, K. M. Smitha,
D. Inbakandan, and P. Premasudha
Chapter 24 Bioactive Compounds in Marine Macro Algae and Their Role in Pharmacological Applications ..................227
Subramaniam Kalidass, Lakshmanan Ranjith, Palavesam Arunachalam, Amarnath Mathan Babu,
and Karuppasamy Kaviarasan
Chapter 25 Fisher Folks Usage of Medicinal Plants against Gynecological Disorders .......................................................245
Vijayakumar Dhaarani and Arumugam Rajendran
Chapter 26 In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Syzygium calophyllifolium on A549 Lung Cancer Cells ................................251
Rahul Chandran and Heidi Abrahamse
Index .........................................................................................................................................................................................257
Foreword
Plants are the greatest boon to in the notion against proper health maintenance. Thus, the
mankind. The food, shelter, importance of phytomedicine is being realized and research
clothing, and medicines that should hold the potential to achieve social value. Also, the safety
we possess are only through and effectiveness of herbal medicines must be highly considered
them. They serve in raising the with reliable preclinical and clinical trials and should typically
economic status of the country, employ experimental research. This book indeed represents a
and meanwhile, India has a decisive step forward in understanding the importance of phyto-
rich biodiversity that can help medicine. This book serves as a fascinating reference guide to
people survive the drastic envi- develop new ideas in research and development. The excellent
ronmental conditions. Indians contribution of Prof. Dr. Parimelazhagan Thangaraj in bringing
use a folklore system of medic- about this book is highly appreciable, opening an inspirable
inal plants from ancient times foundation for gathering scientific information on medicinal
for their curative properties. Up plants. I would like to congratulate his exceptional commitment
to recent times, there is a deficiency prevailing in the scrutiny of in making this book possible. I hope this book is one of the best
the scientific validation of such medicinal plants. Current esti- pieces of green literature and also a convincing tool that helps to
mates also prove that most of the drugs utilized by India are of motivate and stimulate young minds toward the improvement of
plant origin. Traditional herbal medicines are getting significant modern science and technologies.
attention in global health debates, playing a prominent role in
the global health care. At present, there is a situation where syn- Prof. Dr. P. Kaliraj
thetic medicines have led to various side effects, such as the Vice Chancellor
growth of lifestyle related disorders, the issue of serious malnu- Bharathiar University
trition, a lack of remedies for chronic disorders, and an increase Coimbatore
ix
