phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of compounds from selected medicinal and ...

150 Pages·2010·11.16 MB·English

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS
FROM SELECTED MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC
PLANTS 

LAVANYA, G.
PAK 8114

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BENGALURU
2010
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS
FROM SELECTED MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC
PLANTS 

LAVANYA, G
PAK 8114

Thesis submitted to the
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru.
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE (Agriculture)
in
AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

BENGALURU July, 2010
Affectionately Dedicated To

My Beloved Parents

Smt. Meenakshi H. P

Shri. Ganesh K. S &

Loving sister

  Soujanya. G
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BENGALURU-560 065
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “PHYTOCHEMICAL
SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS
FROM SELECTED MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS” submitted
by Miss LAVANYA, G., I.D. No. PAK 8114 in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (Agriculture) in
AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY to the University of Agricultural
Sciences, Bengaluru, is a record of research work carried out by her under my
guidance and supervision and thesis has not previously formed the basis for the
award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or any other similar titles.
Bengaluru
(G.P. BRAHMAPRAKASH)
July, 2010
Professor & Major Advisor
Department of Agricultural Microbiology
Approved by:
Chairman : ______________________________
(G.P. BRAHMAPRAKASH)
Members : 1. ______________________________
(A. MANJUNATH)
2. ______________________________
(SUVARNA V CHAVANNAVAR)
3. ______________________________
(M. VASUNDHARA)
4. ______________________________
(G. R HAREESH)
Acknowledgement

It is my proud privilege to express my sincere thanks and deep sense of
gratitude to Dr. G. P. Brahmaprakash, Professor, Department of Agricultural
Microbiology, U.A.S., G.K.V.K., Bengaluru, India for his valuable advice, splendid
supervision and constant encouragement in pursuance of this work. His association
with this endeavor of mine will remain a beacon light to me throughout my life.
My sincere thanks to Dr. A. Manjunath, Professor, Department of
Agricultural Microbiology, U.A.S., G.K.V.K., Bengaluru, India for his valuable
advice, useful suggestions during the course of my study. I am very thankful to
Dr.Suvarna V. Chavannavar, Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural
Microbiology, U.A.S., G.K.V.K., Bengaluru, India for her timely guidance and
suggestions.
I am also very thankful to Dr. M. Vasundhara, Professor, Department of
Horticulture, U.A.S., GKVK, Bengaluru, India and Dr. G. R. Hareesh, Associate
Professor, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, U.A.S., G.K.V.K.,
Bengaluru, India for their valuable guidance, useful suggestions and advice
throughout the course of this investigation.My sincere thanks to Professor and Head,
Dr. K. R. Sreeramulu, , Department of Agricultural Microbiology, U.A.S., G.K.V.K.,
Bengaluru and my gratitude to all faculty members of the Department of
Agricultural Microbiology for their help and guidance during the course of my
study.
I thank specially Dr. K. Chandrashekara, Professor, Department of
Entomology, U.A.S., G.K.V.K., Bengaluru for providing me facility to work in School
of Ecology and Conservation (SEC) for my successful completion of my work.
It is my Grand parents and parents K.S Ganesh and H.P Meenakshi and my
lovely sister Souju who are my inspiration and moral support in every step of my
work and successful completion of my work. I express my feeling of thanks to my
brother Harish and cousin sisters Adhika, Ganavi for their encouragement during
the course of my study.
I am especially thankful to Shilpashree K. G. for her constant cooperation and
timely help. I owe a word of thanks to my friends Dr. Abhinandan, Manju,
Divyakka, Pavithra, Soubhagya. The cooperation received through Dr. Girish, Mr.
Aravind, Ms. Sapna, Mrs. Archana and all my classmates and seniors are
thankfully acknowledged. I also thank Rameshanna and Mahadev for their timely
help during my work. I heartly thank those that could not find a separate name but
helped me directly or indirectly.

Bengaluru.
July. 2010 (Lavanya. G)
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVTY OF
COMPOUNDS FROM SELECTED MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC
PLANTS
LAVANYA, G.
ABSTRACT
The present study focused on developing a protocol, separation of compounds by
chromatographic technique and screening antimicrobial compounds from selected
medicinal and aromatic plants. Antimicrobial compounds from two medicinal (Lantana
camara and Chromolaena odorata) and two aromatic (Pogostemon patchouli and
Rosmarinus officinalis) plants were screened for their antimicrobial activity against four
bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris and Erwinia
sp.) and two test fungi (Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum). Plants were
extracted with different polar (ethanol and ether) and non-polar (chloroform and hexane)
solvents. TLC profiling of all the plant extracts in different solvent system indicated the
presence of different groups of phytochemicals in these plants. Terpenes, phenolic acids
and flavonoids were found to be present in the biomass extracts of the plants used and the
Rf values ranged between 0.3 to 0.95 for these compounds. Terpenes, phenolic acids and
flavonoid compounds were effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Flavonoids from Lantana camara (Lantana) of ethanol extract were highly active against
Fusarium oxysporum and phenolic acid group of compounds from chloroform extract of
Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) highly inhibited Xanthomonas campestris.
Compounds from plant extracts showed highest activity against plant pathogens tested.
Ethanol solvent was found to be better solvent for purifying the compounds followed by
the solvent chloroform and ether. Hexane solvent was found ineffective in dissolving and
separation of compounds.

Department of Agricultural Microbiology Dr. G.P. Brahmaprakash
UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru-560 065 (Major Advisor)
July, 2010
CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE No.
I INTRODUCTION 1-3
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-30
III MATERIAL AND METHODS 31-39
IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 40-85
V DISCUSSION 86-93
VI SUMMARY 94-95
VII REFERENCES 96-110
APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Title Page No.
No.
1. Retention factor values of Pogostemon patchouli (Patchouli) 41
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from ethanol extract of
2. Pogostemon patchouli (Patchouli) against selected 43
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of phenolic acids from ethanol extract of
2a. Pogostemon patchouli (Patchouli) against selected 45
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from chloroform extract of
3. Pogostemon patchouli (Patchouli) against selected 46
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of phenolic acids from chloroform extract
3a. of Pogostemon patchouli (Patchouli) against selected 48
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from ether extract of
4. Pogostemon patchouli (Patchouli) against selected 50
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of phenolic acids from ether extract of
4a. Pogostemon patchouli (Patchouli) against selected 51
microorganisms
5. Retention factor values of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) 53
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from ethanol extract of
6. Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) against selected 54
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Rosmarinus
6a. 56
officinalis (Rosemary) against selected microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from chloroform extract of
7. Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) against selected 58
microorganisms
Table
Title Page No.
No.
Antimicrobial activity of phenolic acids from chloroform extract
7a. of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) against selected 59
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from ether extract of
8. Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) against selected 61
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of phenolic acids from ether extract of
8a. Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) against selected 63
microorganisms
9. Retention factor values of Lantana camara (Lantana) 64
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from ethanol extract of
10. 66
Lantana camara (Lantana) against selected microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from ethanol extract of
10a. 67
Lantana camara (Lantana) against selected microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from chloroform extract of
11. 69
Lantana camara (Lantana) against selected microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from chloroform extract of
11a. 71
Lantana camara (Lantana) against selected microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from ether extract of Lantana
12. 73
camara (Lantana) against selected microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from ether extract of
12a. 74
Lantana camara (Lantana) against selected microorganisms
13. Retention factor values of Chromolaena odorata (Eupatorium) 76
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from ethanol extract of
14. Chromolaena odorata (Eupatorium) against selected 77
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from ethanol extract of
14a. Chromolaena odorata (Eupatorium) against selected 79
microorganisms
Table
Title Page No.
No.
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from chloroform extract of
15. Chromolaena odorata (Eupatorium) against selected 80
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from chloroform extract of
15a. Chromolaena odorata (Eupatorium) against selected 82
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of terpenes from ether extract of
16. Chromolaena odorata (Eupatorium) against selected 84
microorganisms
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from ether extract of
16a. Chromolaena odorata (Eupatorium) against selected 85
microorganisms