Table Of ContentPhytochemical Profiling of
Commercially Important
South African Plants
Phytochemical Profiling of
Commercially Important
South African Plants
Alvaro Viljoen
Weiyang Chen
Nduvho Mulaudzi
Guy Kamatou
Maxleene Sandasi
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Contents
Acknowledgements xiii
Quality control of herbal medicinal products and the
South African perspective xv
Chapter 1: Adansonia digitata 1
Abstract 1
Botanical names 1
Common name(s) 1
Botanical description and distribution 2
Phytochemistry 2
Chemical profiling 4
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 4
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 6
Gas chromatography analysis 10
References 12
Chapter 2: Agathosma betulina 15
Abstract 15
Botanical names 15
Common name(s) 16
Botanical description and distribution 16
Phytochemistry 16
Chemical profiling 18
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 18
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 21
Gas chromatography analysis 24
References 26
Chapter 3: Aloe ferox 29
Abstract 29
Botanical names 29
Common name(s) 29
Botanical description and distribution 29
Phytochemistry 30
v
vi Contents
Chemical profiling 31
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 31
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 32
References 36
Chapter 4: Artemisia afra 39
Abstract 39
Botanical names 39
Common name(s) 39
Botanical description and distribution 40
Phytochemistry 40
Chemical profiling 42
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 42
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 44
Gas chromatography analysis 49
References 53
Chapter 5: Aspalathus linearis 55
Abstract 55
Botanical names 55
Common name(s) 55
Botanical description and distribution 55
Phytochemistry 56
Chemical profiling 58
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 58
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 60
References 65
Chapter 6: Athrixia phylicoides 67
Abstract 67
Botanical names 67
Common name(s) 67
Botanical description and distribution 67
Phytochemistry 68
Chemical profiling 70
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 70
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 72
References 75
Chapter 7: Bulbine frutescens 77
Abstract 77
Botanical names 77
Common name(s) 77
Contents vii
Botanical description and distribution 77
Phytochemistry 78
Chemical profiling 80
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 80
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 82
References 84
Chapter 8: Cyclopia genistoides 85
Abstract 85
Botanical names 85
Common name(s) 85
Botanical description and distribution 85
Phytochemistry 86
Chemical profiling 87
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 87
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 89
References 93
Chapter 9: Eriocephalus punctulatus 95
Abstract 95
Botanical names 95
Common name(s) 95
Botanical description and distribution 95
Phytochemistry 96
Chemical profiling 97
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 97
Gas chromatography analysis 98
References 100
Chapter 10: Harpagophytum procumbens 103
Abstract 103
Botanical names 103
Common name(s) 103
Botanical description and distribution 103
Phytochemistry 104
Chemical profiling 106
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 106
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 108
References 111
Chapter 11: Helichrysum odoratissimum 113
Abstract 113
Botanical names 113
viii Contents
Common name(s) 113
Botanical description and distribution 113
Phytochemistry 114
Chemical profiling 115
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 115
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 117
References 119
Chapter 12: Helichrysum petiolare 121
Abstract 121
Botanical names 121
Common name(s) 121
Botanical description and distribution 121
Phytochemistry 122
Chemical profiling 123
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 123
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 125
References 127
Chapter 13: Hoodia gordonii 129
Abstract 129
Botanical names 129
Common name(s) 129
Botanical description and distribution 129
Phytochemistry 130
Chemical profiling 132
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 132
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 133
References 135
Chapter 14: Hypoxis hemerocallidea 137
Abstract 137
Botanical names 137
Common name(s) 137
Botanical description and distribution 137
Phytochemistry 138
Chemical profiling 140
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 140
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 141
References 145
Contents ix
Chapter 15: Leonotis leonurus 147
Abstract 147
Botanical names 147
Common name(s) 147
Botanical description and distribution 147
Phytochemistry 148
Chemical profiling 149
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 149
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 151
References 153
Chapter 16: Lessertia frutescens 155
Abstract 155
Botanical names 155
Common name(s) 155
Botanical description and distribution 156
Phytochemistry 157
Chemical profiling 158
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 158
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 160
References 162
Chapter 17: Lippia javanica 165
Abstract 165
Botanical names 165
Common name(s) 165
Botanical description and distribution 166
Phytochemistry 166
Chemical profiling 168
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 168
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 170
Gas chromatography analysis 173
References 177
Chapter 18: Mesembryanthemum tortuosum 179
Abstract 179
Botanical names 179
Common name(s) 179
Botanical description and distribution 179
Phytochemistry 180
x Contents
Chemical profiling 181
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 181
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 183
References 187
Chapter 19: Pelargonium graveolens 189
Abstract 189
Botanical names 189
Common name(s) 189
Botanical description and distribution 189
Phytochemistry 190
Chemical profiling 191
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 191
Gas chromatography analysis 192
References 196
Chapter 20: Pelargonium sidoides 197
Abstract 197
Botanical names 197
Common name(s) 197
Botanical description and distribution 197
Phytochemistry 198
Chemical profiling 199
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 199
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 200
References 204
Chapter 21: Prunus africana 205
Abstract 205
Botanical names 205
Common name(s) 205
Botanical description and distribution 205
Phytochemistry 206
Chemical profiling 207
HPTLC fingerprint analysis 207
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis 209
References 212
Chapter 22: Sclerocarya birrea 215
Abstract 215
Botanical names 215
Common name(s) 215
Botanical description and distribution 216
