Table Of ContentPhytochemical
Dictionary
of the
Leguminosae
VOLUME 1
Plants and their Constituents
Phy tochemical
Dictionary
of the
Leguminosae
ILDIS
International Legume Database and Information Service
and
CHCD
Chapman & Hall Chemical Database
Compiler
I. W. Southon
Editors
F.A. Bisby, J. Buckingham, J.B. Harbome
Botanical Data
J.L. Zarucchi, R.M. Polhill, B.R. Adams, J.M. Lock
and the ILDIS network of collaborators
Chemical Data
Chapman & Hall Chemical Database
PhytochemicalDatabase
R.J. White, I. Bowes, S. Hollis, J. Heald
VOLUME 1
Plants and their Constituents
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
A CHAPMAN & HALL BOOK
First published 1994 by Chapman & Hall
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Contents
VOLUME 1
Plants and their Constituents
Introduction page ix
How to use this Dictionary F.A. Bisby andJ. Buckingham xi
Phytochemistry ofthe Leguminosae J.B. Harbome XX
Summary of phytochemical reports inthis Dictionary J.L. Zarucchi xxiv
Classification ofthe Leguminosae R.M. Polhill XXXV
Complete synopsis oflegume genera R.M. Polhill xlix
Omitted phytochemical records lvii
Plants and their Constituents 1
Plant Name Index 749
Phytochemical Occurrence Index 819
VOLUME 2
Chemical Constituents
Chemical Constituents page 1
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry NumberIndex 387
Molecular Formula Index 433
Chemical Name Index 491
v i
Introduction
This Dictionary documents all known occurrences of Benzofuranoids Terpenoids
phytochemicals in the plant family Leguminosae (Faba- Benzopyranoids Steroids
ceae) plus additional reference information about each Flavonoids Amino acids and peptides
plant andeach substance. It istheresultofa collaborative Tannins Alkaloids
project between the International Legume Database & Lignans Miscellaneous
Information Service (ILDIS) and Chapman & Hall Scien Polycyclic aromatic natural products
tific Data Division.
This classification is uniform with, and follows the same
It is published in two volumes. Volume 1is the plant
orderasthe scheme usedinChapman & Hall’sDictionary
and phytochemical record section which lists chemical
ofNaturalProducts, which however includes a finerlevel
constituents against each plant investigated, followed by
of classification into more than 1000 subgroups.
importantbotanical data about the plant. Chemical consti
The phytochemical records areamplified withsubstantial
tuents are listed in full, grouped by chemical class and
dataon eachplant and on each substance. The Dictionary
accompanied by full bibliographic sources. The main
may thus be used both as a useful catalogue of legume
section Plants and their Constituents is followed by the
plants and asa catalogue ofphytochemicals. The botanical
Plant NameIndex, allowing rapid location ofa plant from
data given in the main plant entry in the Plants and their
its common name or scientific name including synonyms.
Constituents section areextracted fromthe ILDIS Phase 1
Finally the Phytochemical Occurrence Index provides
Database. They include:
invaluable lists of the plant occurrences of all chemical
constituents. for each genus:
Volume2 givesadditional information about every sub full name
stance listed in Volume 1 as occurring in the Legumin taxonomic position
osae. Chemical structures, molecular weight, synonyms number of species in genus
and other key dataare listed foreach substance. The main descriptive text
Chemical Constituents section is followed by indexes by
for eachplant:
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, by molecu
lar formula, and by chemical names including synonyms. full scientific name
synonyms
commonnames
Outline of contents
full worldwide geographical listing
For each phytochemical occurrence the substance, plant descriptors (life form, lifespan, conservation status)
species, plant organ and literature source are given. sources of information
Phytochemical records are listed primarily in the Plants uses.
andtheirConstituentssection inVolume 1underthemain
entry for each plant. The reader can thus turn directly to The chemical data are listed under the main substance
a named plant and see all of its phytochemical records. entries in the Chemical Constituents section inVolume 2.
However, the same records can be located by using the They include:
Phytochemical Occurrence Index (also in Volume 1)where
for each substance:
the substances are listed alphabetically with, under each,
preferred name
a list of the plants in which the substance is recorded.
synonyms, including systematic names
Such lists can then be used by the reader to turn directly
Chapman & Hall index number
to the main entry in the Plants and their Constituents
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) Registry Number
section.
structure diagram
The following classes of substances are recorded:
molecular formula
Aliphatic natural products Oxygen heterocycles molecular weight
Polyketides Simple aromatic natural chemical classification
Carbohydrates products uses
IX
Introduction
Both the plants and the substances are structured in andonthe other onchemicalnomenclature, synonymyand
hierarchical classifications. These should help the reader classification of substances. This was where the expertise
to locate records, and also provide structure for examining anddatabases ofthe parentbodies proved sovaluable. The
patterns inthe data. The plants, that is species, subspecies ILDIS Legume database wasused to tie plant records to a
and botanical varieties, are arranged alphabetically within single preferred plant name and its position in the plant
genera which are themselves arranged alphabetically. classification. Similarly the C & H Chemical Database
Additionally each genus has a short entry giving the (CHCD) was used to tie substance records to preferred
subfamily and tribe to whichit belongs, although these are substance namesand their position in the chemical classifi
not used in the physical arrangement of the genera. In the cation.
main plant entry in Volume 1the substances are classified Lastly, but again symmetrically, it was decided that a
withinprincipal chemical classes. Furtherdetail is given in far more useful Dictionary would be achieved if selected
the chemical entry in Volume 2 aboutthe detailed chemical additional data were added from the parent databases:
class (or classes) to which each belongs, and about the botanical data from ILDIS, chemical data from CHCD.
structural relationships of the substances to other natural The core phytochemical data setwas usedto definethe set
products. of plants for which botanical data were imported from
Afurther important feature isthe inclusion ofbothplant ILDIS, and the set of substances for which chemical data
and chemical synonymy. Because of varying opinions on were extracted from CHCD.
the taxonomy of the plants, records for the same plant Inpractice neither parent database actuallycontained all
species sometimes appear in the literature under different of the relevant plants or substances, nor were all of the
plant names. Wherever possible such records arepresented relevant entries complete. Consequently much of 1993was
here under the same species using the preferred species spent by the phytochemical team adding and editing
name agreed by the ILDIS network of collaborators. substances andin implementing a new classification system
Similarly different laboratoriesmayuse a variety ofnames in the CHCD. ILDIS used its network of taxonomic co
for chemical structures and so records for a single sub ordinators to verify newly addedplants, and the botanical
stance occur in the literature under different chemical teamworked for several months to edit the taxonomy and
names. Again, where possible, the phytochemical team complete the records.
have placed all records for the same substance under the
one chemical preferred name, using a system consistent
ILDIS
with other Chapman & Hall chemical dictionaries. Plant
name synonyms and common names are indexed in the The International Legume Database & InformationService
Plant Name Index (Volume 1) and substance name syn (ILDIS) has established a worldwide project on legume
onyms and trivial names are indexed in the Chemical species diversity. A network of research groups in many
Name Index (Volume 2). countries areparticipating on a co-operative basis to pool
information to establish a worldwideinformation resource,
the ILDIS Species Diversity Database.
Creating the Dictionary
Phase 1involvesthe compilationofa baseline taxonom
Creating the Dictionary was part ofa co-operative project icdatabase covering basic data on all legumes worldwide.
between ILDIS and Chapman & Hall (C & H). This was This comprises scientific name, synonym and taxonomic
the first use of the ILDIS plant taxonomic database for data, geographical distribution and status data, botanical
structuring plant diversity data in an applied area of data andalinked bibliography foreachspecies, subspecies
botanical knowledge (Phase 2 ofthe project) and attracted and variety. Initial compilation is from regional data sets
an SERC co-operative grant with Chapman & Hall from compiled at regional centres: Africa, the Americas,
the Science & Engineering Research Council. Europe, NorthernEurasia(former USSR), China, W. Asia,
A pleasing symmetry became evident in the planning S. Asia, Indochina, Malesia, Far East, Pacific & New
stages. At the core are the ‘phytochemical records’, the Zealand, Australia, Indian Ocean & Madagascar. Entries
known substances recorded from legume plants, printed for each genus or tribe in the combined ‘world’database
here in the main plant entries. Thesewere abstractedover are subsequently sent for taxonomic co-ordination by
four years by I.W. Southon and built into a database by taxonomic experts in that particular group. The result is
R.J. White and I. Bowes. But the integrity and organ that the ILDIS network is gradually synthesizing a fresh
isation of this data depends on the one hand on botanical taxonomic treatment of Leguminosae worldwide.
nomenclature, synonymy and classification of the plants,
x
How to use this Dictionary
The ILDIS Phase 1 database presently contains over Chapman & Hall Chemical Database
16,000 species, subspecies and varieties: this includes all
Chapman & Hall Scientific Data Division publishes a
species from Africa, Europe and the Americas, and very
range ofchemical dictionaries including theDictionary of
nearly all crops, forages, ornamentals, and drug plants
Organic Compounds (many editions), the Dictionary of
worldwide. It isavailable on subscription, on-line through
Natural Products (1993) and theDictionary ofInorganic
BIDS and as electronic data sets for in-house usage from
Compounds(1992). Since 1982the datahas been builtinto
ILDIS.
theChapman &Hall Chemical Database fromwhich all of
The phytochemical occurrences data set used asthe core
the dictionaries are now produced.
ofthe present Dictionary represents the first ofthe ILDIS
The part of the CHCD database most relevant to the
Phase 2 projects. In these the Phase 1 database and
present Dictionary is the Dictionary ofNatural Products
particularly thetaxonomic data set, is used asa framework
publishedinprintandCD-ROM versions in 1993. Volume
for creating further species diversity data sets in more
2 ofthe present Dictionary consists of abbreviated entries
applied disciplines, such as germplasm sources and plant
from that part of the database for all substances listed in
breeding data. As a whole these will constitute a full
Volume 1aspresent in the Leguminosae. The entries are
species diversity information system for the world’s
specially presented for the purpose of conveying the
legumes.
maximum information useful to phytochemists and botan
For further details, andforcontact points in otherconti
ists in the most compact form practicable. The intensive
nents, contact:
literature survey carried out specially for this Dictionary
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre also identified a number of additional minor natural
Biology Department productswhich have now been addedto thedatabase (and
University of Southampton which will appear in supplements to the Dictionary of
Southampton NaturalProducts).
S016 7PX, UK Readers should consult the Dictionary of Natural
Productsfor more extensive dataonsubstances reported in
ILDIS is registeredasacharity inEngland (No. 1002666)
this Dictionary, in particular physicochemical properties
and is governed by an international board of trustees
and chemical bibliographies detailing isolation, synthesis,
appointed by the participating centres.
spectroscopic properties, etc. It is updated by means of
annual supplements in print form, and six-monthly as a
CD-ROM disc.
How to use this Dictionary
F A. BISBY J. BUCKINGHAM
University of Southampton Chapman & Hall
Plants and their Constituents - and to which of the 39 tribes within these the genus
belongs (30tribes in Papilionoideae, 5inMimosoideae, 4
The main plant entries are arranged alphabetically, that is
in Caesalpinioideae). For a discussion both of why we
species within genera, and generawithin the family. This
treat legumes asone family withthree subfamilies, and of
makes finding a named plant quick and easy, but means
the relationships among the tribes see page xxxv et seq.
that thelayout as printedgives no information on aplant’s
The genus entry additionally contains oneortwophrases
taxonomic position other than its genus membership.
summarizing the overall number of species in the genus
and the range oflife forms. This isusually followedby a
1. Genus entries and taxonomic position
sentence highlightingplants ofparticularsignificance inthe
The taxonomic positionandbriefdescriptivedata are given
genus. These entries were written by B.R. Adams. The
in aseparate genus entry at thebeginningofeachgenus in
reader will often want to take these overall genus descrip
the alphabetic sequence. The genus entry gives the sub
tions into account when considering the individual phyto
family — Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae or Papilionoideae
chemical records. They reveal that in some genera phyto
xi
