Table Of ContentCRC Series in Mathematical
Models in Microbiology
Editor-in-Chief
Michael J. Bazin, Ph.D.
Microbial Population Dynamics
Editor
Michael J. Bazin, Ph.D.
Soil Microbiology: A Model
of Decomposition
and Nutrient Cycling
Author
O. L. Smith, Ph.D.
Physiological Models
in Microbiology
Editors
Michael J. Bazin, Ph.D.
James I. Prosser, Ph.D.
Physiological
Models
in
Microbiology
Volume I
Editors
Michael J. Bazin, Ph.D. James I. Prosser, Ph.D.
Senior Lecturer Lecturer
Department of Microbiology Department of Genetics and Microbiology
King's College University of Aberdeen
London, England Aberdeen, Scotland
CRC Series in Mathematical Models in Microbiology
Editor-in-Chief
Michael J. Bazin, Ph.D.
Boca Raton London New York
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Physiological models in microbiology
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Micro-organisms—Physiology—Mathematical
models. 2. Biological models. I. Bazin, Michael J.
II. Prosser, James Ivor.
QR84.P46 1988 576’ .11’0724 87-18330
ISBN 0-8493-5953-8 (set)
ISBN 0-8493-5954-6 (v. 1)
ISBN 0-8493-5955-4 (v. 2)
A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 87018330
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ISBN 13: 978-1-315-89655-7 (hbk)
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MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN MICROBIOLOGY
M. J. Bazin, Editor-in-Chief
This multivolume series will contain a selection of authoritative articles on the application
of mathematical models to microbiology. Each volume will be devoted to a specialized area
of microbiology and topics will be presented in sufficient detail to be of practical value to
working scientists. A sincere attempt will be made to make the material useful for micro-
biologists with only moderate mathematical training. Under each title a variety of modeling
techniques will be included, and both purely scientific and applied aspects of the subject
will be covered.
The objectives of the series will be to introduce microbiologists familiar with the modeling
approach to new models, methods of model construction, and analytical techniques, and to
encourage those with limited mathematical backgrounds to incorporate modeling as an
integral part of their research programs.
PREFACE
Volume I
The multi-volume series on Mathematical Models in Microbiology presents the appli-
cation of mathematical models to the study of microbial processes and interactions. Phys-
iological Models in Microbiology consists of two volumes. Volume I presents models of
basic growth processes and the effects of environmental factors while models of secondary
processes, spore germination, chemotaxis, surface growth, and microbial death are covered
in Volume II.
Chapters 1 to 3 consider aspects of growth common to all microorganisms. The first
presents a quantitative approach to the control and regulation of flux through metabolic
pathways in which properties of the system may be derived from those of individual com-
ponents. Chapter 2 describes new approaches to modeling microbial growth, particularly
the application of thermodynamics, while Chapter 3 quantifies aspects of chemiosmosis and
nutrient transport.
In Chapters 4 to 6, the effects of environmental factors on physiological processes are
described. Chapter 4 discusses the effect of temperature on microbial growth and use of
models in predicting shelf-life of food. Growth of photosynthetic organisms is considered
in Chapter 5 and in the final chapter the effect of pH on microbial growth is described, with
particular reference to wastewater treatment.
The articles illustrate both the predictive value of models and their potential in increasing
our understanding of microbial processes and will hopefully be of interest to microbiologists
in both pure and applied research in which a quantitative approach is required.
THE EDITORS
Michael J. Bazin, Ph.D., is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Microbiology, King's
College, University of London.
Dr. Bazin trained as a teacher at St. Luke's College, Exeter, and taught in secondary
schools in England and the United States. He received his Ph.D. in Zoology from the
University of Minnesota in 1968 after which time he pursued a postdoctoral traineeship in
biomathematics at the University of Michigan.
Dr. Bazin has had wide research interests ranging from sexuality in blue-green algae to
ethnic differences in skinfold thickness. His current major interests revolve around the
application of mathematics to problems in biology and are directed chiefly towards theoretical
biology and biotechnology.
James I. Prosser, Ph.D., is a Lecturer in the Department of Genetics and Microbiology,
University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland. Dr. Prosser received his B.Sc. degree in
Microbiology from Queen Elizabeth College, University of London in 1972, and his Ph.D.
from the University of Liverpool, Department of Botany in 1975. After three further years
in the latter Department, as a Natural Environment Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow
and Senior Demonstrator, he took up his current post at the University of Aberdeen.
Dr. Prosser's research interests fall into two main areas. The first is an investigation into
the environmental factors affecting growth, activity, attachment, and inhibition of soil ni-
trifying bacteria. The second is the relationship between growth, branching, and secondary
metabolite production by filamentous fungi and actinomycetes. The link between these two
areas is the application of a quantitative approach and the use of theoretical models in the
study of microbiological processes.
CONTRIBUTORS
Volume I
Arthur C. Anthonisen, Ph.D. June Olley, D.Sc, Ph.D.
Consulting Engineer Senior Principal Research Scientist
MONTECO CSIRO
Montgomery, New York Tasmanian Food Research Unit
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
H. Kacser, Ph.D.
Department of Genetics
T. B. S. Prakasam, Ph.D.
University of Edinburgh
Research and Development Laboratories
Edinburgh, Scotland
Metropolitan Sanitary District
Cicero, Illinois
Prasad S. Kodukula, Ph.D.
Union Carbide Corporation
Technical Center D. A. Ratkowsky, Ph.D.
South Charleston, West Virginia Principal Research Scientist
Division of Mathematics and Statistics
Lee Yuan Kun, Ph.D. CSIRO
Department of Microbiology Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
National University of Singapore
Singapore, Republic of Singapore Dale Sanders, Ph.D.
Department of Biology
Y.-K. Lee, Ph.D. University of York
Department of Microbiology York, England
National University of Singapore
Singapore, Republic of Singapore
Teixeira de Mattos, Ph.D.
Lecturer
T. A. McMeekin, Ph.D.
Laboratory of Microbiology
Reader in Microbiology
University of Amsterdam
Department of Agricultural Science
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
University of Tasmania
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Karel van Dam, Ph.D.
Marcel Mulder, Ph.D. Professor
Department of Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry
B.C.P. Jansen Institute B.C.P. Jansen Institute
University of Amsterdam University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, The Netherlands Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Hans V. Westerhoff, Ph.D.
Visiting Scientist
Molecular Biology Laboratory
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland
CONTRIBUTORS
Volume II
James D. Bryers, Ph.D. Gerald M. Lefebvre, Ph.D.
Professor Professor
Center for Biochemical Engineering Department of Physics
Duke University Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres
Durham, North Carolina Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
Antonio Casolari Gerald Rosen, Ph.D.
Libero Docente M. R. Wehr Professor
Department of Microbiology Department of Physics and Atmospheric
Stazione Sperimentale Science
Parma, Italy Drexel University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Raymond Leblanc, Ph.D.
Professor Paul R. Rutter, Ph.D.
Department of Mathematics and Senior Chemist
Computer Sciences Minerals Processing Branch
Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres British Petroleum Research Center
Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada Middlesex, England
Brian Vincent, D.Sc, Ph.D.
Reader in Physical Chemistry
Department of Physical Chemistry
University of Bristol
Bristol, England
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume I
Chapter 1
Regulation and Control of Metabolic Pathways 1
H. Kacser
Chapter 2
A Thermodynamic View of Bacterial Growth 25
K. van Dam, M. M. Mulder, Teixeira de Mattos, and H. V. Westerhoff
Chapter 3
Steady State Kinetic Analysis of Chemiosmotic Proton Circuits in
Microorganisms 49
Dale Sanders
Chapter 4
Temperature Effects on Bacterial Growth Rates 75
T. A. McMeekin, June Olley, and D. A. Ratkowsky
Chapter 5
Population Growth Kinetics of Photosynthetic Microorganisms 91
Yuan-Kun Lee
Chapter 6
Role of pH in Biological Waste Water Treatment Processes 113
Prasad S. Kodukula, T. B. S. Prakasan, and Arthur C. Anthonisen
Index 137
