Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Eye Movements: Proceedings of a Workshop held at the Pont d’Oye Castle, Habay-la-Neuve, Belgium, March 27–30, 1982 Sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities, as advised by the Committee on Medical an

443 Pages·1982·4.72 MB·English

by  A. Roucoux

Physiological and Pathological Aspects
of Eye Movements
Documenta Ophthalmologica
Proceedings Series volume 34
Editor: H.E. Henkes
Dr W. Junk Publishers The Hague - Boston - London 1982
Physiological and Pathological Aspects
of Eye Movements
Proceedings of a Workshop held at the Pont d'Oye Castle,
Habay-Ia-Neuve, Belgium, March 27-30, 1982
Sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities,
as advised by the Committee on Medical and Public Health Research
Edited by
A. Roucoux and M. Crommelinck
1982
Dr W. Junk Publishers
for the Commission of the European Communities
Distributors:
for the United States and Canada
Kluwer Boston, Inc.
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Hingham, MA 02043
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for all other countries
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Physiological and pathological aspects of eye movements.
(Documenta ophthalmologica. Proceedings series ;
v. 34)
1. Eye--M::>vements--Congresses. 2. Eye--M::>vement
disorders--Congresses. I. Roucoux, A.
II. Crommelinck, M. III. Commission of the European
Communities. IV. Commission of the European Communities.
Committee on Medical and Public Health Research.
V. Series. [DNLM: 1. Eye movements--Congresses.
2. Nystagmus--Congresses. W3 00637 v.34 / WW 400 1'578
19821
QP477.5.p48 1982 612' .846 82-17986
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8002-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8000-6
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-8000-6
Publication arranged by:
Commission of the European Communities
Directorate-General Information Market and Innovation,
Luxembourg
EUR 8180
Copyright © ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg, 1982
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1982
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval systen
transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without written permissiom from the publisher.
Dr W. Junk Publishers, P.O.Box 13713, 2501 ES The Hague, The Netherlands
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf of the
Commission is reponsible for the use which might be made of the following information.
Pont d'Oye Castle, Habay-Ia-Neuve, Belgium.
CONTENTS
Introduction
1
SECTION I: GAZE DISPLACEMENT IN MAN
Control of gaze in man: synthesis of pursuit,
optokinetic and vestibulo-ocular systems
H. Collewijn, P. Conijn, A.J. Martins,
E.P. Tamminga and G.C. Van Die 3
Gaze fixation and pursuit in head free human
infants
A. Roucoux, C. Culee and M. Roucoux 23
Predictive mechanisms in human smooth pursuit
movement
w. Becker and A.F. Fuchs 33
Biphasic aftereffects of vestibular stimuli,
optokinetic nystagmus and pursuit -
Common integrators ?
J. Dichgans and E. Koenig 39
The coordination of pursuit and saccadic eye
movement in the scanning of a moving scene
P. Viviani 51
Dependence of sacc'adic prediction on asymme
trical periodic stimulus
S. Ron 77
Can training be transferred from one oculomo
tor system to another?
S. Ron 83
Acquired pendular nystagmus: characteristics,
pathophysiology and pharmacological modification
J.J.Ell, M.A.Gresty, B.R.Charnbers and L.J.Findley 89
Eye movement disorders in multiple sclerosis
and optic neuritis
J.P.H. Reulen, E.A.C.M. Sanders and L.A.H.
Hogenhuis 99
The measurement of eye movement using double
magnetic induction
J.P.H. Reulen and L. Bakker 100
SECTION II: VESTIBULO-OCULAR REFLEX
The vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex
R. Baker, W. Graf and R.F. Spencer 101
Single unit recordings in the vestibular nu
clei of the alert monkey related to the
vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR)
H. Reisine and V. Henn 117
VIII
The brain-stem matrix of the vestibulor-ocular
reflex
L.W. Schultheis and D.A. Robinson 121
Compensatory eye movements in the monkey during
high frequency sinusoidal rotations
A. Bohmer, V. Henn and J.I. Suzuki 127
Concerning the linear acceleration input to the
neural oculomotor control system in primates
R. Eckmiller 131
An intracellular HRP study of abducens motor
and internuclear neurons in the alert squir
rel monkey
R.A. McCrea, A. Strassman and S.M. Highstein 139
SECTION III: OPTOKINETIC REFLEX
Anatomy and physiology of the optokinetic path
ways to the vestibular nuclei in the rat
W. Precht, L. Cazin, R. Blancks and
J. Lannou 153
The role of the fovea and parafoveal regions in
the control of "fast" optokinetic responses
in the monkey
U. BUttner, O. Meienberg and
B. Schimmelpfennig 173
The role of central and peripheral retina in
eliciting optokinetic nystagmus in cats
K.P. Hoffmann, H.P. Huber, C. Markner and
M. Mayr 181
Possible contribution of the cortical areas
17, 18 and 19 to the optokinetic response in
the cat
G.A. Orban, J. Duysens and H. Kennedy 187
SECTION IV: EFFECTS OF LESIONS ON VOR AND OKN
Influence of bilateral plugs of pairs of semi
circular canals on optokinetic and vestibu
loocular reflexes
N.H. Barmack 193
Vestibuloocular and optokinetic reflex compen
sation following hemilabyrinthectomy in the
cat
C. Maioli, W. Precht and S. Ried 201
Gaze palsies after selective pontine lesions
in monkeys
W. Lang, V. Henn and K. Hepp 209
IX
The role of the primate flocculus during ves
tibular and optokinetic nystagmus: single
cell recordings and lesion studies
W. Waespe, B. Cohen and Th. Raphan 219
Effects of bilateral occipital lobectomies on
eye movements in monkeys: preliminary ob
servations
D.S. Zee, P.H. Butler, L.M. Optican,
R.J. Tusa and G. Glicer 225
SECTION V: VISUO-VESTIBULAR INTERACTION
Models of visual-vestibular interaction in ocu
lomotor control: a review
A. Buizza and R. Schmid 233
Neuronal responses in the parieto-insular ves
tibular cortex of alert Java monkeys (mac
caca fascicularis)
O.J. Grlisser, M. Pause and U. Schreiter 251
Linear interaction of vestibular and optokine
tic nystagmus
E. Koenig and J. Dichgans 271
The effects of retinal location and strobe
rate of head-fixed visual targets on the
suppression of vestibular nystagmus
G.R. Barnes 281
SECTION VI: SACCADIC SYSTEM
A stochastic model of central processing in the
generation of fixation saccades
R. Schmid, G. Magenes and D. Zarnbarbieri 301
Responses of the saccadic system to sudden
changes in target direction
J.A.M. Van Gisbergen, F.P. ottes and
J.J. Eggermont 313
Spatio-temporal recoding in the generation of
rapid eye movements
K. Hepp and V. Henn 319
Horizontal saccades induced by stimulation of
the mesencephalic reticular formation
B. Cohen, V. Matsuo, T. Raphan, D. Waitzman
and J. Fradin 325
Tectal control of vertical eye movements: a
search for underlying neuronal circuits in
the mesencephalon
A. Grantyn, R. Grantyn, A. Berthoz and
J. Ribas 337
x
The localization of large and small motoneurons
in the oculomotor nucleus of the monkey
J.A. Blittner-Ennever, P. d'Ascanio and
R. Gysin 345
SECTION VII: EYE-HEAD COORDINATION
Role of vestibular and neck reflexes in control
ling eye and head position
B.W. Peterson and J. Goldberg 351
Modification of VOR slow and quick components
by neck stimulation and turning sensation
R. JUrgens, T. Mergner and W. Schmid-Burgk 365
The relation of neck muscles activity to hori
zontal eye position in the alert cat.
I: Head fixed
A. ROucoux, P.P. Vidal, C. Veraart,
M. Crommelinck and A. Berthoz 371
The relation of neck muscles activity to hori
zontal eye position in the alert cat.
II: Head free
M. Crommelinck, A. Roucoux and C. Veraart 379
Brain stem neurons mediating horizontal eye
position signals to dorsal neck muscles
of the alert cat
A. Berthoz, P.P. Vidal and J.Corvisier 385
Behavior of pontine cells during eye-head
coordination: evidence of gaze shift coding
by preoculomotor bursters
F. Lestienne, D. Whittington and E. Bizzi 399
Coordinated eye-head movements in the cat
R.M. Douglas, D. Guitton and M. Volle 411
Dynamics of compensatory vestibular reflexes
in the grassfrog, ran a temporaria
N. Dieringer and W. Precht 417
Visuo-spinal ataxia caused by disorders of eye
movements
Th. Brandt, J. Esser, W. BUchele and
S. Krafczyk 425
Eye-head-hand coordination
C. Prablanc and B. Biguer 431
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 443
INTRODUCTION
This volume contains the proceedings of a work
shop entitled "Physiological and Pathological Aspects
of Eye Movements" held at the Pont d'Oye Castle,
Habay-Ia-Neuve, Belgium, March 27-30 1982.
The meeting was sponsored by the European Communi
ties. It brought together specialists of oculomotricity
mainly from Europe but also from North-America. With
such actions, the Communities want to encourage inter
national and multidisciplinary contacts between re
searchers of a particular field. Oculomotor neuroscien
tists, for quite a long time, have developed such con
tacts. This cooperation - this is not so common in
biological research - embodies various approaches,
from basic mechanisms to behavioral studies, but also
this applied science that medicine is or should be.
Many basic discoveries about eye movement mechanisms,
made with the help of human of animal subjects, have
found rapid medical applications in neurology, neuro
ophthalmology or otolaryngology. This is illustrated
in this book by the fact that results obtained on rats
or cats are interspersed with reports of clinical in
vestigations.
The workshop was mainly focused onto three themes:
(a) eye and head movements in man, (b) visuo-vestibular
interaction and (c) eye-head coordination. In each theme,
one or more "review" papers were included. In addition,
most of the oral presentations or posters on display
mainly contained unpublished material.
It is our hope that this book will be useful to the
scientific reader but will also contribute showing the
intense vitality of eye movement research outside the
restricted sphere of academies and universities. It is
our wish that such workshop will be repeated and will
further materialize the European community of neuro
scientists.
We wish to thank Prof. E. Levi from the Directorate
General for Science, Research and Development who greatly
helped organizing the Workshop.
Finally, we are certain that those who met in the
Pont d'Oye will keep an excellent memory of this pleasant
and welcoming place.
The Editors