Physics of Solar Planetary Environments: Proceedings Of the International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, June 7-18,1976 Boulder, Colorado Volume II

567 Pages·9.616 MB·English

PHYSIC
Intern
PHYSICS OF SOLAR PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS
Copyright e 1976 by the American Geophysical Union
Library of Congress No. 76-29443
ISBN 8-87590-204-9
PHYSICOSF SOLARP LANETARY ENVIRONMENTS
Proceedionftgs h e
Internatiyomnpaols iSuomn S olar-TerrPehsytsriicasl
JUNE7 -181,9 76
BOULDER,COLORADO
VOLUME \I
Editebdy D onalJd.W illiams
PublisbhyeA dm ericGaeno physiUcnailo n
SPONSORED BY
AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION
CO-SPONSORED BY
i (cid:127) (cid:127)
COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON SOLAR TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION
HOSTED BY
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
UNIVERSITY OF DENVER
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pct(cid:127)g
FORE(cid:127)ARO xi
INTROOUCTION xiii
INVYTED REVIE(cid:127) PAPERS AND INVITED PAPERS
VOLUME I
SESSION
IS-I SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM-SOLAR CYCLE MANIFESTATIONS
SOLARC YCLER EVIEW( GENERALA SPECTS)
S,-I, Akasofu, University of Alaska
PHENOMENOLOGI CAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOLAR CYCLE 34
Robert Howard, Hale Observatories
SOLAR CYCLE MANI FESTATI ONS IN THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM 47
Herbert S, Bridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
SOLAR CYCLE MANIFESTATIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE-UPPER
ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM 63
Bengt Hultqvist, Kiruna Geophysical Institute
TS-I SOLAR DVNAMICS AND MODULATION OF SOLAR PHOTON AND PARTICLE FLUX
MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE 89
Jacques Pt. Beckets, Sacramento Peak Observatory
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CORONAL HOLES !!4
J. D. Bohlin, E. O. Hu!bert Center for Space Research,
Naval Research Laboratory
DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS 129
Zden&(cid:127)vke stka, AmericaSn cience& EngineeringI,n c.
THE SOLAR FLARE PHENOMENON
E. R. Priest, The University, St. Andrews, Scot!and
ANALOGIES OF SOLAR FLARES AND HAGNETOSPHERIC STORMS 170
Tatsuzo Obayash|, University of Tokyo
SOLAR FLARE X-RAY AND EUV EMISSION: A TERRESTRIAL VIEWPOINT 17.8
Richard F. Donnelly, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory
RADIO OBSERVATIONS OF CORONAL PHENOMENA AND SOLAR FLARES !93
S. F. Smerd, CSIRO, Austral|a
SOLAR PARTICLE EMISSION 214
E. C. Roelof, Johns Hopkins University, Applied
Physics Laboratory
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Page
IS-2 ENERGY TRANSFER PROCESSES IN NATURAL PLASMAS
DIFFUSION PROCESSES IN MAGNETIZED PLASMAS 232
D. B. Melrose, The Australian National University
LABORATOREYX PERIMENTS( PLASMAI NTRUSION INTO THE
MAGNETICF IELD)
I. M. Podgorny, Space Research Institute, Academy of
Sciences, USSR
INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS OF INTEREST
TO SPACE PHYSICS 255
Lars P. Block, The Roya! Institute of Technology, Sweden
TS-2 INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM-PROPAGATION OF THE SOLAR OUTPUT
THROUGHOUTT HE SOLAR SYSTEM
F'LOWO F MASS AND ENERGY IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 270
W. I. Axford, Max-Planck-lnstitut f(cid:127)r Aeronomie
M-REGION PHENOMENA
L. F. Burlaga, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
TRANSIENT PHENOMENA IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE AND SOLAR WIND 286
J. T. Gosling, University of California, Los Alamos
Scientific Laboratory
SOLAR WIND OBSERVATIONS THROUGHOUT THE SOLAR SYSTEM 304
Michae! D. Montgomery, Max-Planck-lnstitut f(cid:127)r Physik
and Astrophysik
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF HELIOS PLASMA MEASUREMENTS
H. Rosenbauer, H. Miggenrieder, M. Montgomery,
R. Schwenn, Max-Planck Institute
MARINER lO INTERPLANETARMY AGNETICF IELD R(cid:127)SULTS 332
K. W. Behannon, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM AT LARGE HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCES:
PIONEERSlO AND ll*
, Edwin J. Smith, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
John H. Wolfe, Ames Research Center
ENERGETIC PARTICLES THROUGHOUT SOLAR SYSTEH 346
G. Wibberenz, Institut f(cid:127)r Reine und Ange(cid:127)andte
Kernphysik(cid:127) Universit(cid:127)t Kiel, FRG
OUR QUANTITATIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE CORONAL EXPANSION 366
Thomas E. Holzer, High Altitude Observatory(cid:127) NCAR
Manuscript Not Available
THE INTERNAL PLASMA STATE OF THE HIGH SPEED SOLAR
WIND AT 1AU 413
W. C. Feldman, B. Abraham-Shrauner, J. R. Asbridge, S. J. Bame
University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
THE INFLUENCE OF CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE SOLAR WIND 428
G. W. Pneuman, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR
LATITUDINAL VARIATIONS IN THE SOLAR WIND 443
S. T. Suess, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory
THE SOLAR WINDiWHAT NEXT? 459
Thomas Gold, Cornell University
IS-3 PLASMA BOUNDARY LAYERS AND SHOCKS
COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS 464
A. A. Galeev, Space Research Institute,
Academy of Sciences, USSR
PLASMAB OUNDARIESIN SPACE 491
Michael Schulz, The Aerospace Corporation
HYDROMAGNETITCU RBULENCEA SSOCIATEDW ITH PLASMAD ISCONTINUITIES 505
Akira Hasegawa and Kinioki Mima, Bell Laboratories
VOLUME I I
TS-3 DYNAMICS OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE-ATMOSPHSEYRSET EM
A SUMMARYO F OBSERVATIONS OF THE EARTH'S BOW SHOCK 511
D. H. Fairfield, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
RECONNEXION 526
C. T. Russell, University of California at Los Angeles
MAGNETOPAUSAEN D BOUNDARYL AYER 541
BengtU . (cid:127). SonnerupD, artmouthC ollege
THE MAGNETOTAIL:I TS GENERATIONA ND DISSIPATION 558
Edward W. Hones, Jr., University of California,
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
FIELD AND PARTICLE OBSERVATIONS IN THE MAGNETOTAIL RELATED
TO THE RECONNECTION PROCESS 572
A. Nishida, University of Tokyo
ENERGYT RANSPORTA ND DIFFUSION 582
S. W. H. Cowley, Imperial College, London
INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELDS AND MAGNETOSPHERIC PHENOMENA:
DEPENDENCE OF POLAR CAP MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE NORTHWARD
COMPONENOTF THE IMF 608
Kiyoski Maezawa, University of Tokyo
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CONVECTION
617
M. Harel, R. A. Wolf, Rice University
,
MAGNETOSPHERIC INSTABILITIES
Richard M. Thorn(cid:127), University of California at Los Angeles
,
THE MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE SYSTEM
V. Vasyliunas, Max-Planck-Institute
THE DYNAMICS OF THE IONOSPHERE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERE 630
J. V..Evans, M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory
THE COLD PLASMA THROUGHOUT THE MAGNETOSPHERE 672
K. I. Gringauz, Space Research Institute, Academy of
Sciences, USSR
HOT PLASMAS IN THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE 685
L. A. Frank, The University of Iowa
RING CURRENT LOSS MECHANISMS AND COMPOSITION AS INFERRED 701
FROM EQUATORIAL PITCH ANGLE DISTRIBUTIONS OBSERVED DURING
A STORM RECOVERY PHASE
Lawrence R. Lyons, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory
ION COMPOSITION 716
Theodore A. Fritz, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory
THE ACCELERATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES AT LOW ALTITUDES 730
David S. Evans, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory
SUBSTORM EFFECTS OBSERVED IN THE AURORAL PLASMA 7qo
J. L. Burch, S. A. Fields, R. A. Heelis
Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA
ELECTROSTATIC TURBULENCE IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE 760
Donald A. Gurnett, The University of Iowa
THE ROLE OF MANMADE VLF SIGNALS AND NOISE IN WAVE-PARTICLE
INTERACTIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE 772
C. G. Park, Stanford University
HYDROMAGNETIC WAVES. 78(cid:127)
L. J. Lanzerotti, Bell Laboratories
IS-4 ORIGIN OF MAGNETIC FIELDS THROUGHOUTT HE SOLAR SVSTEM
LARGE-SCALE PLASMA PROCESSES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 7(cid:127)8
K. Schindler, Ruhr-Universit(cid:127)t BochumF,A G
THE MAGNETIC FIELDS OF PLANETS 812
E. N. Parker, University of Chicago
*ManuscripNt ot Available
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Page
TS-4 DYNAMICS OF PLANETARY MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERES YSTEMS
JUPITER'S DISTANT ENVIRONMENT 836
M. G. Kivelson, University of California at Los Angeles
THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE OF JUPITER
W. Fillius, University of California at San Diego
MARS-PLASMAE NVIRONMENT 854
O. L. Vaisberg, Space Research Institute, USSR
THE MAGNETOSPHEREO F MARS 872
Sh. Sh. Dolginov, Academy of Science, USSR
INTERACTION OF THE SOLAR WIND WITH VENUS 889
R. E. Hartle, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
ION FLUX PARAMETERS IN THE SOLAR WIND - VENUS INTERACTION
REGIONA CCORDINGT O VENERA-9A ND VENERA-10 DATA 904
O. L. Vaisberg, S. (cid:127). Romanov, V. N. Stairnov, I. P. Karpinsky,
B. I. Khazanov, B. V. Polenov, A. V. Bogdanov and N.M. Antonov
Space Research Institute, USSR
PLASMA OBSERVATIONS NEAR VENUS ONBOARD THE VENERA 9 AND 10
SATELLITES BY MEANSO F WIDE-ANGLE PLASMAD ETECTORS 918
K. I. Gringauz, V. V. Bezrukikh, T. K. Breus, T. Gombosi,
A. P. Remozov, M. I. Verigin and G. I. Volkov
Space Research Institute, USSR
MAGNETICF IELD MEASUREMENATRSO UNDV ENUS*
Sh. Sh. Dolginov, Ye. G. Yeroshenko, L. N. Zhugov, B. V. Busin,
and V. A. Sharova, Academy of Sciences, USSR
THE MAGNETOSPHERE OF MERCURY 933
N. F. Ness, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
IS-5 SOLAR TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM: LONG TERM VARIATIONS
HISTORY OF SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL RELATIONS AS DEDUCED FROM
SPACECRAFATN D GEOMAGNETDICA TA: SOLARM REGIONS 947
J. M. Wilcox, Stanford University
THE SUN SINCE THE BRONZEA GE 958
J. Eddy, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR
GEOMAGNETICSE CULARV ARIATIONS AS INDICATED BY
ARCHEOMAGNETICA ND PALEOMAGNETICS TUDIES
Edwin E. Larson, University of Colorado
,
SOLAR WIND IN THE PAST
Johannes Geiss, Universitat Bern
Manuscript Not Available
Page
LONG-TERM ASPECTS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC VARIABILITY 973
G. L. Sis½oe, University of CAlifornia at Los Angeles
TS-5 EFFECTS OF SOLAR TERRESTRIAL DYNAMICS ON MAN'S IMMEDIATE
ENVIRONMENT
CAUSE-EFFECT INFERENCES IN GEOPHYSICAL STATISTICAL STUDIES 1005
C. O. Hines, University of Toronto
EVIDENCE OF SUN-WEATHER RELATIONS 1012
L. Svalgaard, Stanford University
SOLAR-WEATHESRT UDIES--PHYSICALM EASUREMENTS*
George C. Reid, NOAA
SPACECRAFT CHARGING PROBLEMS 1024
Alan Rosen, TRW Systems Group
Manuscript Not Available
FOREWARD
The International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics held in Boulder,
Colorado on June 7-18, 1976, was an attempt to critically look at energy,
momentum, and mass transfer processes throughout the solar system as well as
an attempt to bring together for a two-week period active researchers through-
out most aspects of solar system physics. The meeting was sponsored by the
American Geophysical Union and co-sponsored by the IUGG/IAGA, COSPARa nd
SCOSTEP. The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the
National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Colorado and the
University of Denver hosted the meeting.
The meeting was attended by 428 registrants representing 22 countries.
A list o.f registrants, as well as the final program of invited speakers are
enclosed for reference purposes.
The invited speakers did an excellent job both in preparing their talks
and in promptly submitting their manuscripts so that the Proceedings could be
published in a timely manner.
I wish to thank the Program Committee, listed below, for their help in
planning the program, and in particular Drs. A. J. Hundhausen, G. Newkirk,
J. G. Roederer, G. Speiser and N. F. Ness for the extra efforts they contri-
buted to the success of this meeting. I further wish to thank the Organizing
Committee, listed below, and in particular Dr. H. Sauer for the extraordinary
contribution he made in guaranteeing a successful meeting through its
excellent organization and attention to the needs of the registrants. Aiding
Dr. Sauer in this latter effort were Ms. N. Hayes and P. Yotka.
These proceedings contain all available invited presentations. Since
these papers have been read only for grammatical errors and obvious mistakes,
the publisher and editor take no responsibility for the content of any indivi (cid:127)-
dual paper. In several instances, significant rewriting was necessary to try
to convey clearly the intent of the author. However, this was held to a mini-
mum in order that the flavor of the author's style of expression remained.
I would like to thank Drs. D. S. Evans, M. Dryer, H. Sauer and
Mr. A. G. Jean for assisting in reading these manuscripts.
PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Co-C ha i rmen:
D. J. Williams
J. G. Roederer
P.M. Banks N.F. Ness G.L. S iscoe
F. V. Coroniti G. Newkirk T.W. Speiser
R. W. Filius T. Obayashi V.A. Troitskaya
A. T. Hundhausen H. Rishbeth T.W. Speiser
S. M. Krimigis W.O. Roberts J.M. Wilcox
E. R. Mustel G. Rostoker J.P. Wild
xi